Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Its purpose is to maintain the flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart, preventing or at least delaying tissue death. CPR can extend the brief window of time during which successful resuscitation can take place without permanent brain damage. 2008, the European Resuscitation Council and the American Heart Association (AHA) reversed their policy on the effectiveness of only using chest compressions and advised that they can be used without artificial respiration on adults who suddenly collapse in cardiac arrest. In 2005, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) agreed on new guidelines. The new guidelines make it simpler for first aiders and healthcare professionals to carry out early resuscitation.