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Cardio vascular system
- 1. Dr. AKARSH AITHAL Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 2. DEFINITION The study of heart and its circulatory pathways is considered as the CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 3. Introduction First we have to study about the circulatory pathways i.e., the flow of the blood through different vessels in the body There are different types of vessels , they are Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 4. Basically the wall of the blood vessels consist of the three main layers i.e., Tunica Interna Tunica Media Tunica Externa In the different blood vessels these three layers are varied according to the location and function Walls of blood vesssels Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 5. It forms the inner lining of the blood vessel The innermost layer is enothelium, The second most layer is the basement membrane ,present deep to the endothelium Basement membrane provides framework to the collagen fibres and provide tensile strength to it The outermost part is internal elastic lamina,which has a window like opening helps In the facilitate diffusion of materials through tunica interna to tunica media Tunica Interna Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 6. It is a muscular and connective tissue layer which has the great variations among blood vessels In most of the vessels it is comprised of the smooth muscle cells , which help in the regulation of the diameter of the lumen It helps in maintain the blood flow and blood pressure The outermost layer is external elastic lamnia which separates the tunica media and tunica externa Tuncia media Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 7. It is the outer covering of the blood vessels consist of the collagen and the elastin fibres It consist of the numerous nerves ,tiny blood vessels that supply the tissue of the blood vessel wall The tunica externa helps anchor the vessels to surrounding tissues Tunica Externa Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 9. The wall of the artery has the typical blood vessel but, has the thick muscular to elastic tunica media Arteries normally have the high compliance, that means it is easily expand or strecth without tearing Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 10. Two types of the arteries Elastic arteries Largest arteries It is well defined with the internal and external elastic laminae Functioning as the Pressure reservoir These are called as conducting arteries Ex: aorta, pulmonary trunk also , brachio-cephalic, subclavian , common carotid and common iliac arteries Muscular arteries It is medium sized arteries There is presence of the more smooth muscle which makes them as muscular These are capale of the vaso costriction and vaso dialation These are called distributing arteries Ex: Brachial artery in the arm and radial artery in the forearm Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 11. Arterioles These are the abundant microscopic vessels that regulate the flow of blood into the capillary network of body tissue Tunica Interna is thin Tunica media consist of one to two layers of the smooth muscle layer Tunica Externa consist of areolar connective tissue that consist of the un- myelinated sympathetic nerves Since they regulate the flow of the blood in capillaries they are called as ‘resistance vessels ‘ Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 12. Capillaries • These are the smallest blood vessels having diameter of 5-10 micrometer • These form the extensive network of interconnecting vessels • Capillaries exchange the substance hence called as ‘Exchange vessels ‘ Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 13. • Capillaries consist of only single layer of the endothelial cells and basement membrane • Capillaries are absent in the lining epithelial ,cornea and lens of the eyes and cartilage Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 14. Venules Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 15. Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 16. Veins Veins contains same three layers that of arteries Tunica interna is thinner that of arteries Tunica media is much thinner than of arteries Tunica externa is very much thickest layer consist of collagen and elastic fibers They lack the external or internal elastic laminae The lumen of vein is very large Veins contains the valves, thin folds of tunica interna that form flap like cusps The blood pressure present in veins is Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 17. Differences Arteries Large and medium sized Tunica intrena- well defined Tunica media – thick and dominated by external elastic lamina Tunica externa – thinner than tunica media Function- conduct and distrubute the blood from heart to arteries and arterioles Veins Range from 0.5mm-3cm in diameter Tunica interna-Only endothelium and basement membrane Tunica media-Much thinner than arteries Tunica externa-Thickest of three layers Function-Return blood to heart Presence of valves in the veins of limbs Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 19. Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 20. Anatomical structure of Heart Cardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal
- 21. The study of the normal heart and the diseases associated with it is called as CARDIOLOGYCardiovascular system by Dr.Akarsh Aithal