2. – EPIKARDIUM
• PERIKARDIUM
Endothelium cell:
POLIGONAL
Sub endothelium layer:
Loose thin connective tissue layer
Compact tight connective tissue layer
Sub endocardial layer:
Loose connective tissue
Contain vascular, nervous, and hearts conduction.
Myocardium
The tightest layer: heart muscular
Contractile cell
Conductive cell
The webbing of elastin fibers between muscular heart cells
Ventricle wall is tighter than atrium wall
Papillaris muscular in ventricle
Pericardium
PEMBUNGKUS SEROSA BERBENTUK KANTONG
Free surface of pericardium is covered by mesothel
Contains liquid
3. There are 2 layers:
LAMINA PARIETALIS
LAMINA VISCERALIS (EPICARDIUM)
Blood vessels
Histologically, blood vessels consist of concentric layers or "tunics" of different tissue types.
The tunica intima is the inner lining, consisting of endothelium and a relatively thin layer
of supporting connective tissue.
The tunica media is the middle muscular and/or elastic layer, containing smooth muscle
and elastic tissue in varying proportions.
The tunica adventitia is the outer, fibrous connective tissue layer.
Arteries
The largest arteries, such as the aorta and its larger branches, have a tunica media dominated by
elastic tissue. The elasticity conferred by elastin allows these elastic arteries to smooth out the
sharp changes in blood pressure resulting from the pumping heart.
Most arteries are muscular arteries, with a media dominated by smooth muscle. But elastin is
also a substantial component (for a good view of elastin in vessel walls, see Virtual Slidebox, Artery and
Vein).
Arterioles are the smallest arteries. Note that gross anatomists and surgeons may use the term
arteriole for any very small artery. Histologists tend to use the term arterioles only for terminal
arterial vessels (i.e., those immediately preceding a capillary bed) which are characterized by
having only a single layer of smooth muscle cells.
4. EM imageof artery (longitudinal section, from Elektronenmikroskopischer Atlas im Internet).
Most arteries have continuous layer of elastin, called the internal elastic lamina, at the
boundary between the media with the intima.
In routine histological sections, the internal elastic lamina of transversely-sectioned arteries
typically displays a distinctive sinusoidal appearance, resulting from postmortem contraction of
the artery's smooth muscle in the absence of normal blood pressure.
The thickness of arterial walls is typically not much less than the diameter of the
lumen. With such relatively thick walls, arteries tend to retain a round cross-section in
postmortem histological preparations (in contrast to veins, which tend to appear more flattened).
Note that arteries of pulmonary circulation (which convey blood of lower pressure than systemic circulation) have
relatively thinner walls, similar to systemic veins.
Veins
Veins have a wall similar to that of arteries but with a thinner tunica media.
The walls of the smallest veins (sometimes called "venules") do not include smooth muscle.
The thickness of vein walls is typically much less than the diameter of the lumen (i.e., proportionately
much thinner than arteries carrying a similar volume). With such relatively thin walls, veins tend to
appear flattened or collapsed in cross-section in postmortem histological preparations (in contrast to
arteries, which tend to appear more round).
Note that vessels of pulmonary circulation (which convey blood of lower pressure than systemic
circulation) have relatively thinner walls than systemic vessels of comparable diameter.
5. LIMFE
- PEMBULUH LIMFE
DIMULAI DENGAN KAPILER LIMFE BUNTU
MENAMPUNG DARI CAIRAN JARINGAN
- LYMPHONODUS
MENAMPUNG KAPILER PADA PERMUKAAN CEMBUNG
- PEMBULUH LIMFE LEBIH BESAR
MENAMPUNG DARI VASA EFERENTIA N. LYMPHATICUS
- PEMBULUH LIMFE BESAR MENUJU KE JANTUNG
DIAMETER PEMBULUH LIMFE SEMAKIN BESAR
DUCTUS THORACICUS V. SUBCLAVIA SINISTRA
DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS DEXTER V. SUBCLAVIA DEXTRA
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic vessels (often just called lymphatics) are channels which drain excess fluid ("lymph") from
tissues.
In most peripheral tissues, some plasma seeps out of capillaries. A portion of this is taken back up in
venules while the rest drains into terminal lymphatic channels, also called lymphatic capillaries. A shift
in the balance between fluid entering and leaving tissues (e.g., increased vascular permeability due to
inflammation) can result in accumulation of tissue fluid, or edema.
All lymphatic vessels eventually lead "downstream" to the thoracic duct, which empties into the vena
cava (a point where blood pressure is quite low; higher pressure would impede drainage).
Lymphatic vessels resemble blood vessels with exceptionally delicate walls (and, of course, without red
blood cells). Smaller lymphatic vessels consist of little more endothelium.
If, while examining a histological specimen, you encounter a flattened, endothelially-lined passage that
seems too delicate to be a vein but too large to be a capillary, it is probably a lymphatic.
