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carbohydrate classification 1.ppt
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- 4. is not cleavedto a simpler carbohydrate on hydrolysis glucose, for example, is a monosaccharide Monosaccharide
- 5. is cleaved totwo monosaccharides on hydrolysis these two monosaccharides may be the same or different Disaccharide C12H22O11 + H2O sucrose (a disaccharide)
- 6. is cleaved totwo monosaccharides on hydrolysis these two monosaccharides may be the same or different Disaccharide C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 sucrose (a disaccharide) glucose (a monosaccharide) fructose (a monosaccharide)
- 7. oligosaccharide: gives three ormore monosaccharide units on hydrolysis polysaccharide: yields more than 10 monosaccharide units Higher Saccharides
- 8. No. of carbonsAldose Ketose 4 Aldotetrose Ketotetrose 5 Aldopentose Ketopentose 6 Aldohexose Ketopentose 7 Aldoheptose Ketoheptose 8 Aldooctose Ketooctose Table 25.1 Some Classes of Carbohydrates
- 9. 25.2 Fischer Projections andD-L Notation
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- 12. Fischer Projections ofEnantiomers
- 13. Fischer Projections ofEnantiomers
- 14. Enantiomers of Glyceraldehyde CHO CH2OH H OH D CH O CH2OH H HO L (+)-Glyceraldehyde (–)-Glyceraldehyde
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- 16. stereochemistry assigned onbasis of whether configuration of highest-numbered stereogenic center is analogous to D or L-glyceraldehyde An Aldotetrose CH O CH2OH H OH H OH 1 2 3 4
- 17. stereochemistry assigned onbasis of whether configuration of highest-numbered stereogenic center is analogous to D or L-glyceraldehyde An Aldotetrose CH O CH2OH H OH H OH 1 2 3 4 D
- 18. An Aldotetrose CH O CH2OH HOH H OH 1 2 3 4 D-Erythrose
- 19. The Four Aldotetroses CHO CH2OH H OH H OH D-Erythrose L-Erythrose CH O CH2OH HO H H HO D-Erythrose and L-erythrose are enantiomers
- 20. The Four Aldotetroses CHO CH2OH H OH H OH CH O CH2OH H HO H OH D-Erythrose D-Threose D-Erythrose and D-threose are diastereomers
- 21. CH O CH2OH HO H H HO TheFour Aldotetroses CH O CH2OH H HO H OH L-Erythrose D-Threose L-Erythrose and D-threose are diastereomers
- 22. The Four Aldotetroses CHO CH2OH H HO H OH D-Threose D-Threose and L-threose are enantiomers L-Threose OH CH O CH2OH H HO H
- 23. The Four Aldotetroses CHO CH2OH H OH H OH CH O CH2OH H HO H OH H OH CH O CH2OH H HO D-Erythrose L-Erythrose D-Threose L-Threose CH O CH2OH HO H H HO
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- 25. The Aldopentoses There are8 aldopentoses. Four belong to the D-series; four belong to the L-series. Their names are ribose, arabinose, xylose, and lyxose.
- 26. The Four D-Aldopentoses D-Ribose H CHO CH2OH OH D-Arabinose D-Xylose D-Lyxose CH2OH H OH CH O H OH CH O CH2OH H OH CH O CH2OH
- 27. The Four D-Aldopentoses D-Ribose CHO CH2OH H OH H OH D-Arabinose D-Xylose D-Lyxose CH2OH H OH H OH CH O H HO OH H CH O CH2OH H OH H HO CH O CH2OH
- 28. The Four D-Aldopentoses D-Ribose CHO CH2OH H OH H OH H OH D-Arabinose D-Xylose D-Lyxose HO CH2OH H OH H OH H CH O HO H OH H OH H CH O CH2OH H OH H H HO HO CH O CH2OH
- 29. The Four D-Aldopentoses D-Ribose CHO CH2OH H OH H OH H OH D-Arabinose D-Xylose D-Lyxose HO CH2OH H OH H OH H CH O HO H OH H OH H CH O CH2OH H OH H H HO HO CH O CH2OH
- 30. Aldohexoses There are 16aldopentoses. 8 belong to the D-series; 8 belong to the L- series. Their names and configurations are best remembered with the aid of the mnemonic described in Section 25.5.