Document #1 History of the Economic Systems and TheoriesCDustiBuckner14
Document #1: History of the Economic Systems and Theories
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system that emphasizes private ownership of the factors of
production, freedom of choice, and individual incentives. These freedoms and
incentives apply to workers, investors, consumers, and business owners. In pure
capitalism, the government does not interfere with the economy—the wages of workers,
the prices of goods, what producers can make, the ways that businesses make or sell
their goods and services, or any other regulations. Capitalism assumes that the best
way to serve society is to let people produce, sell, and buy as they wish.
The goal of capitalism is to create what is called a free market. In economic terms, a
market is not literally just a market like a grocery store. A market or marketplace is
wherever all sorts of goods and services can be sold and bought. In a free market or
free enterprise economy like that under capitalism, the government places no limits on
the freedom of buyers and sellers to make their economic decisions.
Origins of Capitalism
The basic theories about capitalism and free trade come from Adam Smith. Smith was a
Scottish philosopher and economist who lived in the 1700s. In his famous book The
Wealth of Nations, Smith suggested the government take a laissez-faire approach to the
economy. Laissez-faire is a French term meaning “to let alone.” Smith thought the
forces of the marketplace would act as an “invisible hand” guiding economic choices for
the best possible results.
Competition plays a key role in a free-enterprise or free-market economy because
sellers compete for resources to produce goods and services at the most reasonable
price. If they are successful, they make more money. At the same time, consumers
compete over limited products to buy what they want and need. Finally, these same
consumers, now in their role as workers, compete to sell their skills and labor for the
best wages or salaries they can get.
Pure capitalism has five characteristics: private ownership and control of property and
economic resources, free enterprise, competition, freedom of choice, and the possibility
of profits.
Free Enterprise in the United States
A true and total capitalist system does not exist in reality. The United States, however, is
a leading example of a capitalist system in which the government plays a role. Our
society is deeply rooted in the value of individual initiative—that each person knows
what is best for himself or herself. We also respect the rights of all persons to own
private property. Finally, our society recognizes individual freedom, including the
freedom to make economic choices. However, because the U.S. government also
regulates many aspects of the economy, it does not have a purely capitalistic economy.
Mixed Economies
Economists describe the economies in the United States and many other nations as
mixed economies. Mixed economies combine elements of capitalism and socialism.
Mexico is ano ...
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Document #1 History of the Economic Systems and TheoriesCDustiBuckner14
Document #1: History of the Economic Systems and Theories
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system that emphasizes private ownership of the factors of
production, freedom of choice, and individual incentives. These freedoms and
incentives apply to workers, investors, consumers, and business owners. In pure
capitalism, the government does not interfere with the economy—the wages of workers,
the prices of goods, what producers can make, the ways that businesses make or sell
their goods and services, or any other regulations. Capitalism assumes that the best
way to serve society is to let people produce, sell, and buy as they wish.
The goal of capitalism is to create what is called a free market. In economic terms, a
market is not literally just a market like a grocery store. A market or marketplace is
wherever all sorts of goods and services can be sold and bought. In a free market or
free enterprise economy like that under capitalism, the government places no limits on
the freedom of buyers and sellers to make their economic decisions.
Origins of Capitalism
The basic theories about capitalism and free trade come from Adam Smith. Smith was a
Scottish philosopher and economist who lived in the 1700s. In his famous book The
Wealth of Nations, Smith suggested the government take a laissez-faire approach to the
economy. Laissez-faire is a French term meaning “to let alone.” Smith thought the
forces of the marketplace would act as an “invisible hand” guiding economic choices for
the best possible results.
Competition plays a key role in a free-enterprise or free-market economy because
sellers compete for resources to produce goods and services at the most reasonable
price. If they are successful, they make more money. At the same time, consumers
compete over limited products to buy what they want and need. Finally, these same
consumers, now in their role as workers, compete to sell their skills and labor for the
best wages or salaries they can get.
Pure capitalism has five characteristics: private ownership and control of property and
economic resources, free enterprise, competition, freedom of choice, and the possibility
of profits.
Free Enterprise in the United States
A true and total capitalist system does not exist in reality. The United States, however, is
a leading example of a capitalist system in which the government plays a role. Our
society is deeply rooted in the value of individual initiative—that each person knows
what is best for himself or herself. We also respect the rights of all persons to own
private property. Finally, our society recognizes individual freedom, including the
freedom to make economic choices. However, because the U.S. government also
regulates many aspects of the economy, it does not have a purely capitalistic economy.
Mixed Economies
Economists describe the economies in the United States and many other nations as
mixed economies. Mixed economies combine elements of capitalism and socialism.
Mexico is ano ...
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Capitalism Vs Socialism Essay
1. Capitalism Vs Socialism
Socialists are all about giving and sharing("Socialism"). An example of socialism that most people
use is this: If everyone combines their money together and divides it equally amongst one another,
then it is fair. But after realizing that the person with one dollar receives ten dollars by doing
nothing, and the person who has twenty dollars and now has ten, one would say that that it is unfair.
It is the same thing with socialism and capitalism. The socialists have the mindset of sharing no
matter what, and this is where most people disagree. The Bible says we are to give. Proverbs 28:27
says, "Those who give to the poor will lack nothing, but those who close their eyes to them receive
many curses" (The Bible NIV). We are all called to give...show more content...
America is the largest wealthy group in the world, and it can be used to help people if used right.
Statistics show that the top 1% of income owners in the world make $34,000, and the top 14% of
the world make $11,000 which is more than what the majority of America makes ("Cap. Vs.
Soc.", Ramsey). It is not luck or random that America is one of the wealthiest nations in the
world, but it is because of capitalism. Tying freedom and capitalism together is like tying faith
and service together. Freedom, when it comes to capitalism, is the essence of legal and economic
capitalism when done correctly. This is biblical. For example, the Bible says to say the truth and
to serve others. Colossians 3:9 says, "Do not lie to one another, seeing that you have put off the
old self with its practices," and 1 Peter 4:10 says,"Each of you should use whatever gift you have
received to serve others, as faithful stewards of God's grace in its various forms." People of faith
have worship service and companies who tell the truth have customer service ("Cap. Vs. Soc.",
Ramsey). Dave Ramsey says, "Serving at the core of capitalism when it is done right, does not
always make the news, but you can always show appreciation by leaving a tip when you go out to
eat." In this example, you are giving a prophet to a server, and the money can be used to benefit
that person and their family. Telling the truth and serving are judeal traditional ethics. Judael
Christian ethics does not speak for all religions, but when it is combined with the freedom that
America has, it gives the "little man" the best shot he or she has ever had in the world ("Cap. Vs.
Soc.", Ramsey). Dave Ramsey also says, "Capitalism gives the little man the best shot at not only
survival but prosperity. Communism has yet to do so, and the government has provided nothing
("Cap. Vs. Soc.",
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2. Capitalism Vs Socialism
During the turn of the twentieth century, the world was swept with conflicting ideologies, with
many striving to establish what they believed as the impeccable method of economic administration.
In 1917, an ideology in the Kingdom of Russia, henceforth known as Socialism, grappled the
nation's populace as a popular method of garnering them out of poverty (Ball). Across the Western
world, however, Capitalism and its free–market–based thinking took root in many forms, opposing
the very ideals of its opposite; it would be destined to clash with its Eastern counterpart. Capitalism
and Socialism differ in terms of operation, but both strive to bolster the value of man. To begin, the
overall administration of businesses varies tremendously, especially...show more content...
In terms of business administration, Socialism strives for government intervention, attempting to
achieve a degree of fairness; however, Capitalism strives for a "hands–off" approach, letting
businesses decide their course according to market trends. Of course, there is also a well–defined
correlation between the oversights over the two ideologies, for Socialism has usually been relatively
authoritarian, trying to strike a balance for the general population; Capitalism, however, has usually
been lax on the regulation of liberties, letting one decide for themselves their own fate. Finally,
incentive has held a profound role, such as personal ownership. Socialism, with the main tenet of
equality being strived for, has usually frowned upon unequal ownership. Nevertheless, Capitalism
believes in just compensation to one's work ethic. Different approaches with a common goal heavily
distinguish these
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3. Capitalism Vs. Socialism
The debate between Socialism and Capitalism is one that is very hot these days. President Obama
just spent the last eight years taking the United States closer and closer to Socialism, while
President Trump is doing everything in his power to reverse this trend and move the country back
to a more Capitalistic society. Even though I may not agree with all of President Trump's decisions
or the way he conducts himself, I am very pleased with the direction he is taking our country,
because, Socialism is simply not a long–term replacement for Capitalism. I do not believe that pure
Socialism will work for a couple reasons. One reason is that socialism, as well as Communism, are
both based on the idea that the government is in charge of distributing...show more content...
It is not possible to give a percentage of the world that is either Socialist or Communist because
most countries are a combination of two or three of these systems. It is, however, safe to say that
there is room for it to spread and as long as there are politicians offering free stuff, there will be
socialism. The biggest threat to Socialism is Capitalism.
There is no perfect economic system. They all have flaws because they are made up of people.
Greece and Venezuela are examples of where Socialism did not succeed, whereas China and Cuba
are considered by some as a success. On the other hand, the United States of America has been
around and continued to grow to over 200 years as a predominantly Capitalistic
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4. Socialism Vs Capitalism
"Something is wrong with capitalism... There must be a better distribution of wealth, and maybe
America must move toward Democratic Socialism" – Martin Luther King Jr.
Can a society with both billionaires and in–work poverty really be considered 'successful?'
Do you ever feel like you are underpaid at work? Is it too challenging to even find a job? Do you
disapprove of the great divide between the rich and the poor? Do you care about protecting the lives
of women and racial minorities? Do you care about protecting the environment for future
generations? These are the issues that Socialists care about most deeply. Come join us as we fight
for liberty!
It is a fact that our current society is built upon profit. Socialists argue that this profit comes from
the produce of the workers. For example, if a worker builds a table out of wood, the value of the
table is equivalent to the labor that the worker puts in, plus the labor necessary to get the refined
pieces of wood to the worker. This theory, dubbed...show more content...
Essentially, Socialists wish to construct a society in which the profit motive is gone, and in which
society as a whole democratically plans the economy. Money will be replaced with labor vouchers,
bosses by workers' councils, and shops with communal stores wherein proceeds of labor are
exchanged for vouchers. The traditional profit–driven capitalist 'firm', along with class society, will
be entirely vanquished. Socialists understand that revolution is necessary to put the working
enterprises into the hands of the workers on a mass scale.
We suggest that you join the Party for Socialism and Liberation (http://www.pslweb.org/about), as
they are currently the most popular Socialist party in the United States. The Principles of
Communism by Friedrich Engels is a slightly lengthier introduction to Socialism, and Karl Marx by
Vladimir Lenin is another good introductory reading for aspiring
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5. Capitalism vs Socialism
Outline:
Essay question: What is the best policy for any country: capitalism or socialism?
Introduction:
Thesis statement: It is much better to live in the country where the gap between poor and rich
people is sharply noticeable, than to know that a person will never differ from the mass of people
or feel a real freedom in his/her own country.
Body:
A. Capitalistic policy gives an equal opportunity to everyone to become a wealthy person. * Person
can have his own business and develop it in the future. * The nation becomes rich B. Market
economy is the base of capitalism. * Foreign investments * Business cycle. C. Advantages of
capitalist mode showed by Adam Smith. D. Socialism lost its popularity in...show more content...
Thus, entrepreneur satisfies the demand and makes profits. Of course, there is nothing eternal and
everything will lose its importance, but the mechanism of capitalism is great. (The history of
capitalism: from feudalism to Wall Atreet, Beattie, 2011).
To justify capitalism, such a great person as Adam Smith represented five main advantages of
capitalism:
1. With little interference by the government, problems like corruption, lack of incentives and poor
information do not arise. We end up with these problems only when governments attempt to control
the economy. This is one of the main benefits of capitalism. 2. Cost effective allocation of resources
being the 'invisible hand of the market', capitalism ensures that resources are distributed according to
consumer choice. No firm is rewarded for producing goods that people don't desire.
3. Successful Production. One of the advantages of capitalism is that as firms have incentives to be
efficient in production, in a market system, cutting costs, improving competitiveness and
productivity are their top priority. They will go out of business if their efficiency and productivity
fails.
4. Dynamic Efficiency. Firms in a capitalist system need to respond to the flux in consumer
preferences and respond according to the new consumer trends. This improves and maintains their
efficiency over time. 5.
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