This document provides an outline for a presentation on capital budgeting. It discusses capital budgeting theory, evaluation methods like net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI). It covers the importance of capital budgeting, types of capital budgeting projects, and the eight step capital budgeting process. Evaluation methods are examined in depth including their strengths and weaknesses. The presentation aims to help the audience understand capital budgeting and how to select projects that maximize shareholder wealth.
Chapter- III Techniques of Capital Budgeting
Concept, Significance, Nature and classification of capital budgeting decisions, cash flow computation- Incremental approach; Evaluation criteria- Pay Back Period, ARR, NPV, IRR and PI methods; capital rationing, Capital budgeting under risk and uncertainty.
Chapter- III Techniques of Capital Budgeting
Concept, Significance, Nature and classification of capital budgeting decisions, cash flow computation- Incremental approach; Evaluation criteria- Pay Back Period, ARR, NPV, IRR and PI methods; capital rationing, Capital budgeting under risk and uncertainty.
The Meaning & Role Of Finance Management
Points Discussed are:
1. What is Finance?
2. Functions of financial Manager
3. The Goals of Financial Management
4. Roles of Financial Management
5. Functions of Financial Management
6. Activities Of Financial Management
7. Conclusion
Overview of Corporate Finance in India a presentationfootydigarse
Slide 1: Introduction
Welcome to the presentation on Corporate Finance in India.
Overview of the financial landscape and key aspects of corporate finance.
Slide 2: Importance of Corporate Finance
Explanation of why corporate finance is vital for businesses.
Role in maximizing shareholder value, strategic decision-making, and capital allocation.
Slide 3: Financial Markets in India
Overview of India's financial markets: stock exchanges, bond markets, money markets.
Regulatory bodies such as SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India).
Slide 4: Sources of Corporate Finance
Equity financing: IPOs, rights issues, private placements.
Debt financing: bank loans, corporate bonds, debentures.
Hybrid instruments: convertible bonds, preference shares.
Slide 5: Capital Structure Decisions
Explanation of capital structure and its importance.
Factors influencing capital structure decisions.
Trade-off between debt and equity financing.
Slide 6: Valuation Methods
Common valuation methods in India: Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), Comparable Company Analysis (CCA), Precedent Transactions Analysis.
Importance of accurate valuation for investment decisions.
Slide 7: Corporate Governance
Overview of corporate governance principles in India.
Role of the board of directors, transparency, and accountability.
Slide 8: Risk Management
Types of financial risks faced by Indian corporations: market risk, credit risk, operational risk.
Risk management strategies: hedging, diversification, insurance.
Slide 9: Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A)
Trends in M&A activity in India.
Motivations behind M&A transactions.
Regulatory framework and approval process.
Slide 10: Case Studies
Analysis of notable corporate finance transactions in India.
Learnings from successful and unsuccessful deals.
Slide 11: Future Outlook
Emerging trends and opportunities in Indian corporate finance.
Potential challenges and how to address them.
Slide 12: Conclusion
Recap of key points covered in the presentation.
Importance of effective corporate finance management for sustainable growth.
Slide 13: Questions and Discussion
Open the floor for questions and discussion.
The Meaning & Role Of Finance Management
Points Discussed are:
1. What is Finance?
2. Functions of financial Manager
3. The Goals of Financial Management
4. Roles of Financial Management
5. Functions of Financial Management
6. Activities Of Financial Management
7. Conclusion
Overview of Corporate Finance in India a presentationfootydigarse
Slide 1: Introduction
Welcome to the presentation on Corporate Finance in India.
Overview of the financial landscape and key aspects of corporate finance.
Slide 2: Importance of Corporate Finance
Explanation of why corporate finance is vital for businesses.
Role in maximizing shareholder value, strategic decision-making, and capital allocation.
Slide 3: Financial Markets in India
Overview of India's financial markets: stock exchanges, bond markets, money markets.
Regulatory bodies such as SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India).
Slide 4: Sources of Corporate Finance
Equity financing: IPOs, rights issues, private placements.
Debt financing: bank loans, corporate bonds, debentures.
Hybrid instruments: convertible bonds, preference shares.
Slide 5: Capital Structure Decisions
Explanation of capital structure and its importance.
Factors influencing capital structure decisions.
Trade-off between debt and equity financing.
Slide 6: Valuation Methods
Common valuation methods in India: Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), Comparable Company Analysis (CCA), Precedent Transactions Analysis.
Importance of accurate valuation for investment decisions.
Slide 7: Corporate Governance
Overview of corporate governance principles in India.
Role of the board of directors, transparency, and accountability.
Slide 8: Risk Management
Types of financial risks faced by Indian corporations: market risk, credit risk, operational risk.
Risk management strategies: hedging, diversification, insurance.
Slide 9: Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A)
Trends in M&A activity in India.
Motivations behind M&A transactions.
Regulatory framework and approval process.
Slide 10: Case Studies
Analysis of notable corporate finance transactions in India.
Learnings from successful and unsuccessful deals.
Slide 11: Future Outlook
Emerging trends and opportunities in Indian corporate finance.
Potential challenges and how to address them.
Slide 12: Conclusion
Recap of key points covered in the presentation.
Importance of effective corporate finance management for sustainable growth.
Slide 13: Questions and Discussion
Open the floor for questions and discussion.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
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Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
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Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
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Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
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USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
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What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
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when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
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what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...
Capital Budgeting PPT.pptx
1. Advance Financial Risk Management
Topic: Capital Budgeting
Submitted To: Mr. Kashif Abbas
Presented by:
1. Mr. Adnan Khan
2. Ms. Aneha Zahid
3. Ms. Quratulain
Program: MS Management Sciences
Session: 2022-24
Riphah International University, QIE Lahore
2. (01). My name is Adnan khan and I would like
to Discuss the theory of Capital Budgeting.
3. Outline
Introduction
Definition of Budget
Budget sector and types of budget
Capital Budgeting
Importance of Capital Budgeting
Pros and Cons of Capital Budgeting
Capital Budgeting: Project Categorization
Capital Budgeting: Eight Steps
Duties of Financial Managers
Evaluation Criteria: Capital investment Appraisals
Non-Discounted and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Techniques
Net Present Value (NPV)
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Profitability Index (PI)
Summary and Conclusions
4. Definition of Budget
• Budgeting is a management tool for planning and controlling future
activity.
• Financial Buzz Words: A plan for saving, borrowing and spending.
• A budget is a financial plan that includes a list of all anticipated costs
and income.
5. Budget Sector:
Business start up Budget, Corporate/business budget, Government Budget, Event
management budget, Personal/Family budget.
Budget Types:
Basis of Flexibility: fixed and variable budget.
Basis of time period: short term and long term budget.
Basis of functionality: Sales, production, market, project, revenue, Cash Flow
Budgets etc.
6. Introduction
Capital Budgeting is the process of determining which real investment
projects should be accepted and given an allocation of funds from the firm.
It is crucial to assess how well capital budgeting procedures support the
objective of maximizing shareholder wealth.
Capital budgeting is the planning process used to determine a firms long
term investments such as new machinery, replacement machinery, new
plants, new products and research and development projects.
7. Capital Budgeting
• Capital:
Operating assets used for production.
• Budget:
A strategy that describes expected cash flows over a specific time period.
• Capital Budgeting:
The procedure of evaluating projects and selecting those to be included
in the capital budget.
8. Importance of Capital budgeting:
• Capital budgeting helps financial decision-makers make informed financial
decisions for projects they expect to last a year or more that require a large
capital investment. Such projects can include:
• Investing in new equipment, technology and buildings
• Upgrading and maintaining existing equipment and technology
• Completing renovation projects on existing buildings
• Expanding their workforce
• Developing new products
• Expanding into new markets
• Growth
• Large Amount
9. Pros and Cons of Capital Budgeting
• Helps in understanding risks and Its
effects.
• Decision making in investment
opportunities.
• Various Techniques of Capital budgeting.
• Making an informed decision considering
all possible factors.
• Choosing investments wisely.
• Increase shareholders wealth &
advantageous in the market.
• Adequate control over expenditure
• Abstains from over or under investing.
• Decisions are long-term & majorly
irreversible in nature.
• Uncertainty leads to wrong
applicability.
• Techniques are assumed & not real.
• Introspective in nature due to
subjective risk & discounting factor.
• Wrong decision affects long-term
durability.
• Availability of skilled professionals
is not easy.
• Expensive.
10. Capital Budgeting: Project Categorization:
• Establishment of new products and Services.
• Replacement projects: Maintenance or cost reduction
• Expansion of existing projects
• Research and development projects
• Long term contracts
• Safety and environmental projects
12. Recall the Flows of a funds and decisions
important to the financial manager
Financial
Manager
Financial
Markets
Real Assets
Financing
Decision
Investment
Decision
Returns from Investment Returns to Security Holders
Reinvestment Refinancing
Capital Budgeting is used to make the Investment Decision
13. The Three Primary Duties of the Financial
Manager
We make judgments based on the same broad principles whether we are
managing money for the family or the business. As we carry out those
three basic tasks, these principles teach us how to make decisions of
three different kinds:
The capital budgeting decision
The capital structure decision
The working capital decision
14. The Capital Budgeting Decision
The financial manager determines the optimal long-term location for money
deployment using the capital budgeting decision. While paying a utility bill is
not a capital budgeting choice, buying a new delivery truck or warehouse is.
With the making of this decision, we consider three features of the cash flows
deriving from the decision:
• The size of the cash flows
• The timing of the cash flows
• The risk of the cash flows
15. The Capital Structure Decision
The financial manager chooses the capital structure in order to determine
where to get funds in the long run. A capital structure choice is whether to
pay cash for the new delivery truck or take out a loan from GMAC or Ford
Motor Credit. Another choice is whether to finance a franchise purchase
with long-term debt.
The most essential capital structure option is whether to finance a
company's expansion with debt or equity, such as money contributed by the
company's founders, angel investors, venture capitalists, or public stock
issues. This option has the following two merits to mention:
• The risk of the debt
• The founders' potential to get less money when their equity or stock is sold, as
well as a loss of control.
16. The Working Capital Decision
The financial manager's attention shifts to current assets and current
liabilities with the working capital decision.
The short-term assets that make up one part of working capital include
things like cash balances, accounts receivable, inventory levels, and short-term
accruals (such prepaid rent or utilities).
We consider short-term commitments, such as accounts payable to
vendors, and other debt that is anticipated to be repaid within a year when
making a working capital decision.
A significant result of the working capital decision-making matrix is net
working capital. The gap between current assets and current liabilities is what
is known as net working capital.
17. The Capital Budgeting Choice: Capital Budgeting
Decision-making Criteria
Remember that a capital budgeting decision is one that allocates business resources
over the long term with the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth.
How do we know when we are doing that?
We use four new tools to assist us:
• The Net Present Value or NPV rule in Section 8.1
• The Payback rule in Section 8.2
• The Internal Rate of Return or IRR rule in Section 8.4
• The Profitability Index in Section 8.5
18. (02). My name is Aneha Zahid and I would like
to Discuss the Evaluation Criteria: Capital
Budgeting
24. NPV: Strengths and Weaknesses
• Strengths
• Resulting number is easy to interpret: shows how wealth will change if the
project is accepted.
• Acceptance criteria is consistent with shareholder wealth maximization.
• Relatively straightforward to calculate
• Weaknesses
• Requires knowledge of finance to use.
• An improper NPV analysis may lead to the wrong choices of projects when
the firm has capital rationing – this will be discussed later.
25.
26. PI: Strengths and Weaknesses
• Strengths
• PI number is easy to interpret: shows how many $ (in PV terms) you get
back per $ invested.
• Acceptance criteria is generally consistent with shareholder wealth
maximization.
• Relatively straightforward to calculate.
• Useful when there is capital rationing (to be discussed later).
• Weaknesses
• Requires knowledge of finance to use.
• It is possible that PI cannot be used if the initial cash flow is an inflow.
• Method needs to be adjusted when there are mutually exclusive projects (to
be discussed later).
27.
28. IRR: Strengths and Weaknesses
• Strengths
– IRR number is easy to interpret: shows the return the project generates.
– Acceptance criteria is generally consistent with shareholder wealth
maximization.
• Weaknesses
– Requires knowledge of finance to use.
– Difficult to calculate – need financial calculator.
– It is possible that there exists no IRR or multiple IRRs for a project and
there are several special cases when the IRR analysis needs to be adjusted
in order to make a correct decision (these problems will be addressed
later).
29.
30. (03). My name is Quratulain and I would like to
Discuss the Computation of Methods.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36. Summary and Conclusion
• We have studied evaluation criteria for Capital Budgeting like, NPV, IRR, and PI,
are all good techniques for capital budgeting and allow us to accept or reject
investment projects consistent with the goal of shareholder wealth maximization.
• Generally an impression created that the firm should use NPV method for Decision
Making.
• Beware, however, there are times when one technique’s output is better for some
decisions or when a technique has to be modified given certain circumstances.