This document introduces three concepts - normative, temporal, and configural - for classifying motive congruence. Normative congruence compares an individual's implicit and explicit motives to those of their group. Temporal congruence examines how motives align over time. Configural congruence looks at whether there is consistency in how different motive contents are aligned between implicit and explicit motives. The authors conducted a study with undergraduates to assess motives, goals, and traits weekly over eight weeks. They aimed to examine personality traits associated with high temporal congruence and the effects of unusual occasions on congruence.

1. Can Motive Congruence Be Classified as Normative, Temporal or Configural? The Introduction of Three Concepts for Precision and PredictionChris C. Martin, Todd M. Thrash & Amanda Fuller

2. Motive A motive is a predisposition to approach a particular class of incentives, such as achievement, affiliation, or power, or to avoid a particular class of threats, such as failure, rejection, or domination by others. (Thrash, Maruskin, & Martin, 2011)

3. Types of Motives ImplicitMotives Explicit Motives

4. Motive Congruence Motive congruence refers to the congruence (or alignment) between a person’s implicit motives and explicit motives.Congruence predicts well-being, volitional strength, and flow.

5. Personal-Goal Model of Well-Being Goal Attainability Motive Congruence Goal Commitment Progress in Goal Achievement Emotional Well-Being Personal-Goal model of emotional well-being (see Brunstein, 1993) and its extension (indicated by the dashed lines) by the cocnept of motivational congruence (see Brunstein, Schultheiss, & Grassmann, 1998) From Brunstein (2010) Chapter 12, in Schultheiss and Brunstein (Eds.) Implicit Motives.

6. Levels of Analysis Person in group (normative) Time (temporal)Motive contents (configural)

7. Normative Congruence Explicit Explicit Implicit Implicit - In normative congruence, the person is compared to the group

8. Temporal Congruence Explicit Implicit Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 - What personality traits are associated with high temporal congruence? - Do unusual occasions have disruptive consequences?

9. Configural Congruence Motive Strength Ach AffPow Ach AffPow Ach AffPow Ach AffPow Implicit Explicit Implicit Explicit - Is there a consistent configuration?

10. Experimental Method - Undergraduates at William and Mary- Weekly questionnaires over an eight-week span- Questionnaires assessed motives, goals, and personality traits

11. Results Goal Attainability Motive Congruence Goal Commitment Progress in Goal Achievement Emotional Well-Being