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Cyfryngau Cyfranogol 
a’r Gymraeg 
Rhodri ap Dyfrig
Y CEFNDIR DAMCANIAETHOL
Beth yw Cyfryngau Cyfranogol? 
[...] the flow of content across multiple 
media platforms, the cooperation 
between multiple media industries, and 
the migratory behavior of audiences 
who will go almost anywhere in search 
of the kinds of entertainment 
experiences they want. 
(Jenkins, 2006: 2)
Damcaniaethu 
Cyfranogiad Arlein 
• 'prosumption' (Toffler, 1980) 
• 'commons-based peer production' 
(Benkler, 2006) 
• 'the people formerly know as the 
audience' (Rosen, 2006) 
• 'produsage' (Bruns, 2008) 
• 'co-creative labour' (Banks & Deuze, 
2009)
Beth yw Diwylliant Cyfranogol? 
• Diwylliant gyda rhwystrau isel at fynegiant artistig ac ymwneud 
sifig; 
• cefnogaeth gref ar gyfer creu a rhannu creadigaethau 
gydag eraill; 
• rhyw ffurf ar fentora anffurfiol lle ceir trosglwyddo gwybodaeth 
gan y mwyaf profiadol i’r amhrofiadol; 
• aelodau sy’n credu bod eu cyfraniad nhw o bwys; ac 
• aelodau sy’n teimlo rhyw elfen o gyswllt cymdeithasol gyda’i 
gilydd (neu sydd o leiaf teimlo bod yr hyn mae eraill yn ei 
feddwl o’u gwaith o bwys) 
Jenkins et al (2009: 5-6)
Diwylliant Cyfranogol Pwy? 
“Before the twentieth century, we didn't really have 
a phrase for participatory culture; in fact, it would 
have been something of a tautology. 
A significant chunk of culture was participatory - 
local gatherings, events and performances - 
because where else could culture come from? 
The simple act of creating something and then 
sharing it with them represents, at the very least, an 
echo of that older model of culture, now in 
technological raiment.” 
(Shirky, 2010: 19)
Beirniadaeth? 
“detached from the reception of its 
audiences and decontextualized from 
its political-ideological, communicative-cultural 
and communicative-structural 
contexts.” 
(Carpentier, 2009: 408)
Ystyriaethau Diwylliannol 
“It would be wise not to extrapolate on 
patterns of sociability from the early 
studies of the Internet, dealing mainly 
with the puritan cultures of Northern 
Europe and North America and with the 
geographically mobile populations of 
the United States and Canada.” 
(Castells et al., 2004: 238)
Ystyriaethau Ieithyddol 
• Attention to the specific context; 
• Centrality of consideration of the political 
environment; 
• Political needs of minority communities; 
• Role of intellectual and cultural 
producers. 
(1998; dyfynnwyd yn Cormack (2007: 9))
Cydnabyddiaeth? 
Now we need to confront the cultural 
factors that diminish the likelihood that 
different groups will participate. Race, 
class, language differences amplify 
these inequalities in opportunities for 
participation. 
(Jenkins, 2006: 275) [ychwanegwyd 
pwyslais]
YR YMCHWIL
Hanes y We Gymraeg
Teledu Cyfranogol, Twitter 
a’r Iaith Gymraeg
Torfoli Cynhyrchu Cyfryngau 
Mewn Ieithoedd Lleiafrifol
CASGLIADAU
Pwyntiau Tywallt Cyfranogiad 
• Pwysig ar gyfer deall cyfranogiad 
arlein yn gyffredinol 
• Hanfodol ar gyfer deall sut i gynllunio’n 
ieithyddol ar gyfer ieithoedd lleiafrifol 
• Cyrraedd y pwynt tywallt yn 
anoddach 
• Lleihau potensial cyfranogiad
Cyfalaf Cyfranogol Cyfyngedig 
• Tystiolaeth bod galw cyfranogol ar 
siaradwyr Cymraeg eisoes yn uchel 
• Mynd yn groes i ddamcaniaethau fel 
Shirky sydd yn honni ein bod mewn oes 
o Cognitive Surplus
Ieithoedd Lleiafrifol 
a’r Economi Sylw 
• Gorlif gwybodaeth = diffyg sylw 
• Mewn cystadleuaeth am sylw arlein, 
mae’r Gymraeg yn colli 
• Mentrau cyfranogol Cymraeg angen 
mwy o ymdrech i ddenu sylw
Ecosystemau Cynnwys 
a Chyfranogiad 
• Yw tlodi cynnwys yn cael sgil effeithiau 
ar yr ecosystem we mewn iaith, gan 
gynnwys cyfranogiad? 
• Cyfranogiad yn ddibynnol ar 
gylchrediad cynnwys yn ôl Jenkins 
• Diwylliant cyfranogol arlein yn un 
mewn iaith arall i’r iaith leiafrifol
Brwdfrydedd Techno-Ieithyddol 
• Mwy o bwysigrwydd i rôl unigolion a 
grŵpiau bychain mewn ieithoedd fel 
Cymraeg 
• Llai o bwyslais ar hyn pan mae’r dorf 
gyfranogol yn fwy ac mae llai o 
‘bwyntiau methiant’ 
• Sut mae symud tu hwnt i hyn? Rôl 
cyfryngau prif ffrwd?
Effeithiau Diffyg Adnoddau 
• Prosiectau bychan yn methu rhoi 
adnoddau digonol 
• Hyrwyddo cyfranogiad yn broblem 
• Sefydlu llwyfan gymhleth yn broblem 
• Trefnu cyfranogiad wrth i brosiect dyfu
Mesur Llwyddiant 
• gwerth proses 
• gwerth creu rhwydwaith 
• gwerth sylw 
• gwerth i unigolion 
• micro-effeithiau gaiff y rheiny ar 
gymdeithas yn ehangach 
• cymuned o gyfranogwyr vs torf
Rhyngwyneb > Cynnwys 
“Menus are ok but we 
need food in our 
language” 
Luistxo Fernandez
Cynnwys > Defnydd 
...ond rydyn ni hefyd 
angen sgyrsiau am y 
bwyd, trafod gyda’r 
gweinydd, a 
llongyfarch y chef, a 
rhoi argymhellion i’n 
ffrindiau...
Defnydd > Hysbysu 
...yn bwysicach fyth 
mae angen i bobl 
wybod bod y bwyty’n 
bodoli yn y lle cyntaf!
Holwch fi! 
rla@aber.ac.uk 
@nwdls 
http://apdyfrig.com

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Cyfryngau Cyfranogol a'r Gymraeg - Prifysgol Caerdydd 17/11/14

  • 1. Cyfryngau Cyfranogol a’r Gymraeg Rhodri ap Dyfrig
  • 3. Beth yw Cyfryngau Cyfranogol? [...] the flow of content across multiple media platforms, the cooperation between multiple media industries, and the migratory behavior of audiences who will go almost anywhere in search of the kinds of entertainment experiences they want. (Jenkins, 2006: 2)
  • 4. Damcaniaethu Cyfranogiad Arlein • 'prosumption' (Toffler, 1980) • 'commons-based peer production' (Benkler, 2006) • 'the people formerly know as the audience' (Rosen, 2006) • 'produsage' (Bruns, 2008) • 'co-creative labour' (Banks & Deuze, 2009)
  • 5. Beth yw Diwylliant Cyfranogol? • Diwylliant gyda rhwystrau isel at fynegiant artistig ac ymwneud sifig; • cefnogaeth gref ar gyfer creu a rhannu creadigaethau gydag eraill; • rhyw ffurf ar fentora anffurfiol lle ceir trosglwyddo gwybodaeth gan y mwyaf profiadol i’r amhrofiadol; • aelodau sy’n credu bod eu cyfraniad nhw o bwys; ac • aelodau sy’n teimlo rhyw elfen o gyswllt cymdeithasol gyda’i gilydd (neu sydd o leiaf teimlo bod yr hyn mae eraill yn ei feddwl o’u gwaith o bwys) Jenkins et al (2009: 5-6)
  • 6. Diwylliant Cyfranogol Pwy? “Before the twentieth century, we didn't really have a phrase for participatory culture; in fact, it would have been something of a tautology. A significant chunk of culture was participatory - local gatherings, events and performances - because where else could culture come from? The simple act of creating something and then sharing it with them represents, at the very least, an echo of that older model of culture, now in technological raiment.” (Shirky, 2010: 19)
  • 7. Beirniadaeth? “detached from the reception of its audiences and decontextualized from its political-ideological, communicative-cultural and communicative-structural contexts.” (Carpentier, 2009: 408)
  • 8. Ystyriaethau Diwylliannol “It would be wise not to extrapolate on patterns of sociability from the early studies of the Internet, dealing mainly with the puritan cultures of Northern Europe and North America and with the geographically mobile populations of the United States and Canada.” (Castells et al., 2004: 238)
  • 9. Ystyriaethau Ieithyddol • Attention to the specific context; • Centrality of consideration of the political environment; • Political needs of minority communities; • Role of intellectual and cultural producers. (1998; dyfynnwyd yn Cormack (2007: 9))
  • 10. Cydnabyddiaeth? Now we need to confront the cultural factors that diminish the likelihood that different groups will participate. Race, class, language differences amplify these inequalities in opportunities for participation. (Jenkins, 2006: 275) [ychwanegwyd pwyslais]
  • 12. Hanes y We Gymraeg
  • 13. Teledu Cyfranogol, Twitter a’r Iaith Gymraeg
  • 14. Torfoli Cynhyrchu Cyfryngau Mewn Ieithoedd Lleiafrifol
  • 16. Pwyntiau Tywallt Cyfranogiad • Pwysig ar gyfer deall cyfranogiad arlein yn gyffredinol • Hanfodol ar gyfer deall sut i gynllunio’n ieithyddol ar gyfer ieithoedd lleiafrifol • Cyrraedd y pwynt tywallt yn anoddach • Lleihau potensial cyfranogiad
  • 17. Cyfalaf Cyfranogol Cyfyngedig • Tystiolaeth bod galw cyfranogol ar siaradwyr Cymraeg eisoes yn uchel • Mynd yn groes i ddamcaniaethau fel Shirky sydd yn honni ein bod mewn oes o Cognitive Surplus
  • 18. Ieithoedd Lleiafrifol a’r Economi Sylw • Gorlif gwybodaeth = diffyg sylw • Mewn cystadleuaeth am sylw arlein, mae’r Gymraeg yn colli • Mentrau cyfranogol Cymraeg angen mwy o ymdrech i ddenu sylw
  • 19. Ecosystemau Cynnwys a Chyfranogiad • Yw tlodi cynnwys yn cael sgil effeithiau ar yr ecosystem we mewn iaith, gan gynnwys cyfranogiad? • Cyfranogiad yn ddibynnol ar gylchrediad cynnwys yn ôl Jenkins • Diwylliant cyfranogol arlein yn un mewn iaith arall i’r iaith leiafrifol
  • 20. Brwdfrydedd Techno-Ieithyddol • Mwy o bwysigrwydd i rôl unigolion a grŵpiau bychain mewn ieithoedd fel Cymraeg • Llai o bwyslais ar hyn pan mae’r dorf gyfranogol yn fwy ac mae llai o ‘bwyntiau methiant’ • Sut mae symud tu hwnt i hyn? Rôl cyfryngau prif ffrwd?
  • 21. Effeithiau Diffyg Adnoddau • Prosiectau bychan yn methu rhoi adnoddau digonol • Hyrwyddo cyfranogiad yn broblem • Sefydlu llwyfan gymhleth yn broblem • Trefnu cyfranogiad wrth i brosiect dyfu
  • 22. Mesur Llwyddiant • gwerth proses • gwerth creu rhwydwaith • gwerth sylw • gwerth i unigolion • micro-effeithiau gaiff y rheiny ar gymdeithas yn ehangach • cymuned o gyfranogwyr vs torf
  • 23. Rhyngwyneb > Cynnwys “Menus are ok but we need food in our language” Luistxo Fernandez
  • 24. Cynnwys > Defnydd ...ond rydyn ni hefyd angen sgyrsiau am y bwyd, trafod gyda’r gweinydd, a llongyfarch y chef, a rhoi argymhellion i’n ffrindiau...
  • 25. Defnydd > Hysbysu ...yn bwysicach fyth mae angen i bobl wybod bod y bwyty’n bodoli yn y lle cyntaf!
  • 26. Holwch fi! rla@aber.ac.uk @nwdls http://apdyfrig.com

Editor's Notes

  1. [Adio logos Boom PA KESS ESF]
  2. Adio llun tafod y ddraig neu logo dwi eisiau byw yn gymraeg yma.