1. 07/09/13
C11 Air and WaterC11 Air and Water
Syllabus statementsSyllabus statements

2. WaterWater
1. Describe a chemical test for water.
2. Describe and explain (in outline) the purification
of the water supply by filtration and chlorination.
3. State some of the uses of water in industry and
in the home.

3. AirAir
4. Describe the separation of oxygen and nitrogen
from liquid air by fractional distillation.
5. Describe the composition of clean air as being
a mixture of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and small
quantities of noble gases, water vapour and
carbon dioxide.

4. Air & PollutionAir & Pollution
6. State the common air pollutants as carbon
monoxide, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen,
and describe their sources.
7. Explain the presence of oxides of nitrogen in
car exhausts and their catalytic removal.
8. Explain why the proportion of carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere is increasing, and why this is
important.

5. Air & PollutionAir & Pollution
9. State the adverse effect of common air
pollutants on buildings and on health.
10. Describe the formation of carbon dioxide:
•as a product of complete combustion of carbon-
containing substances;
•as a product of respiration;
•as a product of the reaction between an acid and
a carbonate.

6. RustingRusting
12. Describe the rusting of iron in terms of a
reaction involving air and water, and simple
methods of rust prevention, including paint and
other coatings to exclude oxygen.

7. Haber Process & AmmoniaHaber Process & Ammonia
11. Describe the essential conditions for the
manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process
including the sources of the hydrogen and
nitrogen, i.e. hydrocarbons or steam and air.
13. Describe the need for nitrogen-, phosphorus-
and potassium-containing fertilisers.
14. Describe the displacement of ammonia from
its salts by warming with an alkali.