Pathophysiological alterations in oxygen delivery to thetissues g. miserocchianemo_site
This summary provides an overview of the key factors that can impair oxygen delivery to tissues beyond just a decrease in hemoglobin concentration:
1. Limitations in oxygen diffusion can occur at the lung level due to decreases in the alveolar-capillary oxygen gradient, diffusion surface area, or increases in the thickness of the air-blood barrier.
2. Reductions in cardiac output can lower oxygen delivery to tissues by decreasing blood flow.
3. Impairments in peripheral microvascular perfusion from factors like compression, shear forces, and edema can reduce oxygen delivery by decreasing capillary patency and surface area available for gas exchange.
4. Cells may have a reduced ability to extract oxygen under
Integrated strategies for allogenic blood saving in major elective surgery ...anemo_site
This document discusses an integrated strategy implemented at a hospital in Rome, Italy since 2008 to reduce allogeneic blood transfusions for major elective surgeries. The strategy includes patient evaluation and supplementation if needed, along with autologous blood collection through pre-surgical donation or peri-surgical collection. Analysis of results from 2010 found that autologous unit usage increased 2.2 times, units not stored increased 2.4 times, and allogeneic unit transfusions were reduced by 65%, allowing for fresher blood transfusions to improve patient outcomes. The integrated strategy was more effective than previous practices at the hospital in conserving allogeneic blood supplies and reducing transfusion-related risks for patients.
This document provides an updated summary of the 2011 Society of Thoracic Surgeons guidelines for blood conservation. It outlines changes made to the previous 2007 guidelines, including new recommendations regarding dual anti-platelet therapy management before surgery, drugs to augment red blood cell volume or limit blood loss, use of blood derivatives, blood salvage management, minimally invasive procedures, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hemostatic agents, and emphasis on multidisciplinary blood management teams. The methods used to survey the literature for this update differed from previous guidelines by using standardized search terms in the PUBMED database. Major areas of revision from the 2007 guidelines are discussed.
Pathophysiological alterations in oxygen delivery to thetissues g. miserocchianemo_site
This summary provides an overview of the key factors that can impair oxygen delivery to tissues beyond just a decrease in hemoglobin concentration:
1. Limitations in oxygen diffusion can occur at the lung level due to decreases in the alveolar-capillary oxygen gradient, diffusion surface area, or increases in the thickness of the air-blood barrier.
2. Reductions in cardiac output can lower oxygen delivery to tissues by decreasing blood flow.
3. Impairments in peripheral microvascular perfusion from factors like compression, shear forces, and edema can reduce oxygen delivery by decreasing capillary patency and surface area available for gas exchange.
4. Cells may have a reduced ability to extract oxygen under
Integrated strategies for allogenic blood saving in major elective surgery ...anemo_site
This document discusses an integrated strategy implemented at a hospital in Rome, Italy since 2008 to reduce allogeneic blood transfusions for major elective surgeries. The strategy includes patient evaluation and supplementation if needed, along with autologous blood collection through pre-surgical donation or peri-surgical collection. Analysis of results from 2010 found that autologous unit usage increased 2.2 times, units not stored increased 2.4 times, and allogeneic unit transfusions were reduced by 65%, allowing for fresher blood transfusions to improve patient outcomes. The integrated strategy was more effective than previous practices at the hospital in conserving allogeneic blood supplies and reducing transfusion-related risks for patients.
This document provides an updated summary of the 2011 Society of Thoracic Surgeons guidelines for blood conservation. It outlines changes made to the previous 2007 guidelines, including new recommendations regarding dual anti-platelet therapy management before surgery, drugs to augment red blood cell volume or limit blood loss, use of blood derivatives, blood salvage management, minimally invasive procedures, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hemostatic agents, and emphasis on multidisciplinary blood management teams. The methods used to survey the literature for this update differed from previous guidelines by using standardized search terms in the PUBMED database. Major areas of revision from the 2007 guidelines are discussed.
This study analyzed 45 observational studies including over 272,000 patients to determine the association between red blood cell transfusion and morbidity and mortality in high-risk hospitalized patients. The analysis found that in 42 of the 45 studies, the risks of red blood cell transfusion outweighed the benefits, with transfusion associated with increased risk of death, infections, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A meta-analysis found that transfusion was associated with 70% higher odds of death and 80% higher odds of developing an infectious complication. The study suggests current transfusion practices may need reevaluation given the risks appear to outweigh the benefits in most patients.
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved 100 participants aged 65-80 who were given either the drug or a placebo daily for 6 months. Researchers found that those who received the drug performed significantly better on memory and problem-solving tests at the end of the study compared to those who received the placebo.
Bucci anemo 2015 - Glicocalice endoteliale la centrale della periferiaanemo_site
The document discusses the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL), which is a complex mesh-like network made of sugars and proteins located on the surface of endothelial cells. The EGL plays three main roles: 1) it acts as a mechanotransducer of fluid shear stress to the endothelial cells, triggering biochemical responses; 2) it modulates permeability in the exchange of water between blood and tissues; 3) it regulates interactions between blood cells and endothelial cells, influencing inflammation and coagulation. The EGL is crucial for endothelial cell mechanosensing and transduction of blood flow forces, maintaining homeostasis of the circulatory system.
This study analyzed 45 observational studies including over 272,000 patients to determine the association between red blood cell transfusion and morbidity and mortality in high-risk hospitalized patients. The analysis found that in 42 of the 45 studies, the risks of red blood cell transfusion outweighed the benefits, with transfusion associated with increased risk of death, infections, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A meta-analysis found that transfusion was associated with 70% higher odds of death and 80% higher odds of developing an infectious complication. The study suggests current transfusion practices may need reevaluation given the risks appear to outweigh the benefits in most patients.
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved 100 participants aged 65-80 who were given either the drug or a placebo daily for 6 months. Researchers found that those who received the drug performed significantly better on memory and problem-solving tests at the end of the study compared to those who received the placebo.
Bucci anemo 2015 - Glicocalice endoteliale la centrale della periferiaanemo_site
The document discusses the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL), which is a complex mesh-like network made of sugars and proteins located on the surface of endothelial cells. The EGL plays three main roles: 1) it acts as a mechanotransducer of fluid shear stress to the endothelial cells, triggering biochemical responses; 2) it modulates permeability in the exchange of water between blood and tissues; 3) it regulates interactions between blood cells and endothelial cells, influencing inflammation and coagulation. The EGL is crucial for endothelial cell mechanosensing and transduction of blood flow forces, maintaining homeostasis of the circulatory system.
6. 2012
Protesi totale d’anca (PTA)
primo impianto
Revisioni di
Protesi d’anca (rPTA)
360
74
7. TRASFUSIONI
30 (40,5 %)
74 ( 20,5%)
2012
PTA
rPTA
n° Unità medie
1,2
2,5
n° Unità medie
8. 2012
PTA
rPTA
[Hb] media dimissioni
Non trasfusi
Trasfusi
Non trasfusi
Trasfusi
9,8 g/dl
9,7 g/dl
9,3 g/dl
9,7 g/dl
9. 2013 Impossibilità a trattare condizioni
di anemia preoperatoriamente
Indisponibilità
Logistica
Impedimento motorio
Extraregione
Condizioni critiche che richiedono
rapidità di intervento
Pazienti con valori preoperatori
di [Hb] superiori a 13 g/dl
10. 2013 Identificazione del maggior
rischio trasfusionale
Impossibilità a trattare i pazienti nella fase preoperatoria
[Hb] dell’immediato postoperatorio
Suddividendo i pazienti trasfusi in gruppi di rischio trasfusionale
Trasfusi rPTA (30) pz %
9-9,9 8 26,7
10-10,9 15 50,0
11-11,9 4 13,3
12-12,9 3 10,0
Trasfusi PTA (74) pz %
9-9,9 2 2,7
10-10,9 32 43,2
11-11,9 32 43,2
12-12,9 8 10,8
valori di [Hb] a maggior rischio da trattare
nell’immediato postoperatorio
11. 2013 Protocollo
Eritropoietina Postoperatoria (E-PO)
Chirurgia protesica dell’anca : PTA (21 pz) rPTA (8 pz)
[Hb] < 12 nell’immediato postoperatorio
Eritropoietina 30.000 U sc
Ferlixit 100 mg nei primi 3 giorni
emocromocitometrico
formula reticolocitaria
sideremia
ferritina
transferrina
Peso specifico urine
trattamento
controlli di laboratorio
giornata 0 , 1 , 3 , 5 e dimissioni
12. 2013 Protocollo
Eritropoietina Postoperatoria (E-PO)
Indicatori
% Trasfusioni
Unità trasfuse (medie)
Hb alle dimissioni
trigger trasfusionale
[Hb] 7-8 g/dl
in base a evidenza di capacità di compenso
13. Protocollo 2012 vs 2013
Eritropoietina Postoperatoria (E-PO)
PTA % trasfusioni media U
trasfuse
[Hb] g/dl
dim T
[Hb] g/dl
dim NT
2012 (360 pz) 20,5 % (74) 1,2 9,7 9,8
2013 (21 pz) 4,8% (1) 2 9,5 10,1
rPTA % trasfusioni media U
trasfuse
[Hb] g/dl
dim T
[Hb] g/dl
dim NT
2012 (74 pz) 40,5 % (30) 2,5 9,7 9,3
2013 (8 pz) 37,5% (3) 2 9,6 10,2
14. Protocollo E-PO PTA 2012 vs 2013
PTA/[Hb] 9,0-9,9 10,0-10,9 11,0-11,9 12,0-12,9
2012 (74 pz) 2 (2,7%) 32 (43,2%) 32 (43,2%) 8 (10,8%)
2013 (21 pz) 1 (16,7%) xx xx xx
16. Conclusioni 2013
Protocollo E-PO
in entrambe le tipologie d’interventi :
riduzione del numero di pazienti trasfusi
riduzione delle unità medie trasfuse per paziente
[Hb] alle dimissioni uguale o maggiore
limitazione delle trasfusioni alle classi di rischio corrispondenti
ai valori minori di [Hb] nell’immediato postoperatorio
Editor's Notes
Uno studio recente pubblicato su Lancet ha dimostrato che esiste una stretta correlazione tra anemia preoperatoria e il rischio di isorgenza di complicanze o mortalità nel decorso postoperatorio nei pazienti chirurgici non cardiochirurgici
In quest’altro lavoro si dimostra quanto nei pazienti ortopedici l’incidenza di anemia preoperatoria tenda a manifestarsi maggiormente nel pazienti più anziani e nel sesso femminile. Le principali cause di queste anemie sono da attribuire a deficit di sostanze ematiniche e ferro
valori di emoglobina preoperatoria compresi tra 10 e 13 g /dl sono chiaramente più a rischio di anemizzazione e trasfusione postoperatoria risetto a pazienti che hanno valori superiori a 14 : non c’è da stupirsi!
Un gruppo europeo , Nata, da anni coinvolto nello studio delle alternative trasfusionali ha recentemente pubblicato delle linee guida che riguardano la diagnosi e il trattamento delle anemie preoperatorie. Nel nostro centro seguiamo i protocolli consigliati nella preparazione
la nostra casistica del 2012 è composta da
Di queste 360 pta 74 sono state trasfuse con una percentuale di 20,5% con
Uno degli indicatori che vengono utilizzati per evidenziare l’adeguatezza di un trattamento in ambito trasfusionale è
Nell’ambito di questi risultati , esistono alcuni pazienti che purtroppo per vari motivi non possono essere inseriti nei protocolli di preparazione e trattamento dell’anemia preoperatoria