A quick comment on pablo fernandez' article capm an absurd model draftFuturum2
This is to document email correspondence with Prof. Peter M. DeMarzo (Stanford University, USA) and Ignacio Velez-Pareja (Columbia) with regards to the article by Pablo Fernandez posted at SSRN.com under the title "CAPM: An Absurd Model"
Usse average internal rate of return (airr), don't use internal rate of retur...Futurum2
This is to document the email correspondences with Prof. Peter M. DeMarzo (Stanford University) and Prof. Carlo Alberto Magni with regards to Average Internal Rate of Return in Dec 2015.
Are P/E Ratios a Poor Measure of Value? Valuation LinkedIn DiscussionFuturum2
This group is dedicated to business valuation professionals and includes discussions on various topics related to business valuation. Recent discussions include comments on an article about flaws in using price to earnings ratios to measure value, with members agreeing the accounting earnings used can be unreliable. Other discussions focus on returns on invested capital being an important metric, the difference between stock pricing and business value, and the importance of entity-specific risks to management versus market risks.
Use average internal rate of return (airr), don't use internal rate of return...Futurum2
This document summarizes communications between Prof. Carlo Alberto Magni and an individual asking about the Average Internal Rate of Return (AIRR) methodology. Prof. Magni explains that AIRR overcomes flaws in the traditional Internal Rate of Return (IRR) approach by taking a weighted average of internal rates of return using the cost of capital as weights, rather than assuming reinvestment at the IRR. He provides references for papers elaborating on the shortcomings of IRR and advantages of AIRR. The discussion includes examples of calculating interim investment values and rates of return used in AIRR. While maintaining the IRR acronym, Prof. Magni acknowledges AIRR is a misnomer as the
Summing up about growing and non growing perpetuities wacc levered and tax sa...Futurum2
In this note we reconsider in detail the proper discount rate for cash flows in perpetuity, the present value of tax savings and the calculation of terminal value. The note clarifies the use of real discount rates and concludes with a formulation that is inflation-neutral for a given assumption on the discount rate for the tax savings. We find that the only discount rate for tax savings that makes the value of the perpetuity inflation-neutral is Kd, the cost of debt. We also reconsider the intuitive approach to calculate the cost of capital for perpetuities from the nominal rates that compose that cost of capital, and then
converting it into real cost of capital using Fisher relationship.
A quick comment on pablo fernandez' article capm an absurd model draftFuturum2
This is to document email correspondence with Prof. Peter M. DeMarzo (Stanford University, USA) and Ignacio Velez-Pareja (Columbia) with regards to the article by Pablo Fernandez posted at SSRN.com under the title "CAPM: An Absurd Model"
Usse average internal rate of return (airr), don't use internal rate of retur...Futurum2
This is to document the email correspondences with Prof. Peter M. DeMarzo (Stanford University) and Prof. Carlo Alberto Magni with regards to Average Internal Rate of Return in Dec 2015.
Are P/E Ratios a Poor Measure of Value? Valuation LinkedIn DiscussionFuturum2
This group is dedicated to business valuation professionals and includes discussions on various topics related to business valuation. Recent discussions include comments on an article about flaws in using price to earnings ratios to measure value, with members agreeing the accounting earnings used can be unreliable. Other discussions focus on returns on invested capital being an important metric, the difference between stock pricing and business value, and the importance of entity-specific risks to management versus market risks.
Use average internal rate of return (airr), don't use internal rate of return...Futurum2
This document summarizes communications between Prof. Carlo Alberto Magni and an individual asking about the Average Internal Rate of Return (AIRR) methodology. Prof. Magni explains that AIRR overcomes flaws in the traditional Internal Rate of Return (IRR) approach by taking a weighted average of internal rates of return using the cost of capital as weights, rather than assuming reinvestment at the IRR. He provides references for papers elaborating on the shortcomings of IRR and advantages of AIRR. The discussion includes examples of calculating interim investment values and rates of return used in AIRR. While maintaining the IRR acronym, Prof. Magni acknowledges AIRR is a misnomer as the
Summing up about growing and non growing perpetuities wacc levered and tax sa...Futurum2
In this note we reconsider in detail the proper discount rate for cash flows in perpetuity, the present value of tax savings and the calculation of terminal value. The note clarifies the use of real discount rates and concludes with a formulation that is inflation-neutral for a given assumption on the discount rate for the tax savings. We find that the only discount rate for tax savings that makes the value of the perpetuity inflation-neutral is Kd, the cost of debt. We also reconsider the intuitive approach to calculate the cost of capital for perpetuities from the nominal rates that compose that cost of capital, and then
converting it into real cost of capital using Fisher relationship.
Ignacio Velez-Pareja : From the Slide Rule to the Black BerryFuturum2
1. The document discusses using financial modeling as a tool for business valuation and value management, rather than just for transactions like selling or buying a company.
2. It proposes developing a comprehensive financial model with traditional statements plus a cash budget to estimate how decisions impact future cash flows and value. This allows management to proactively shape the future rather than just reacting to the past.
3. The model incorporates factors like inflation, growth, and policies to evaluate risks and test scenarios. It is based on double-entry accounting to help ensure accuracy and identify errors.
Surplus revaluasi atau penilaian kembali aset tetapFuturum2
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang apakah akun "Surplus Revaluasi Aset Tetap" dapat direklasifikasi menjadi akun "Modal Saham". PSAK dan IAS mengijinkan reklasifikasi surplus revaluasi ke saldo laba, namun tidak mengijinkan reklasifikasi ke akun lain seperti modal saham. Aturan pajak mengizinkan kapitalisasi surplus revaluasi menjadi modal saham, namun hal ini bertentangan dengan standar akuntansi.
Perpetuity and growing pepetuity formula derivationFuturum2
This 7-page document from www.futurumcorfinan.com discusses the derivation of formulas for calculating the present value of perpetuities and growing perpetuities. It is written in Indonesian and contains multiple pages of equations and analysis. The document prohibits copying or distributing its contents without written permission from the author. It directs readers with questions or comments to the website and notes that all rights are reserved by FUTURUM.
15-minute lesson- watch out the formula that you use for roa (return on assets)Futurum2
The document is a 15-minute lesson on the formula used to calculate return on assets (ROA). It cautions readers to watch out for the formula they use for ROA calculations. The 8-page document is from the website www.futurumcorfinan.com and contains a disclaimer stating that the opinions expressed are those of FUTURUM as of the date written and are subject to change. It also states that the document may not be reproduced without written permission from the authors and FUTURUM.
Akuisisi aset atau akuisisi bisnis asc topic 805Futurum2
Transaksi akuisisi aset atau bisnis memiliki konsekuensi akuntansi dan pajak yang berbeda. FASB mempersempit definisi bisnis dalam ASU Topic 805 dengan menekankan bahwa suatu himpunan harus memiliki input dan proses substantif untuk menghasilkan output. Revisi ini dimaksudkan untuk memberi panduan lebih jelas dalam menentukan apakah suatu transaksi merupakan akuisisi aset atau bisnis.
Apakah perhitungan biaya kapital rata rata tertimbang (wacc) dalam capital bu...Futurum2
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perhitungan Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) yang tepat dalam capital budgeting perusahaan. WACC merupakan rata-rata tertimbang dari biaya komponen modal dan pinjaman perusahaan, namun perhitungannya perlu mempertimbangkan dampak perubahan rasio leverage terhadap biaya modal dan pinjaman.
15-minute lesson overview to understand npvFuturum2
The document is a 10-page article from www.futurumcorfinan.com on net present value (NPV). It includes disclaimers prohibiting copying or distributing the content without permission from the author. The article provides an overview of NPV and notes that any questions or comments about the content can be posted on the website. It concludes with copyright and disclaimer information for FUTURUM.
PSAK 22 (revisi 2010) mendefinisikan kombinasi bisnis sebagai transaksi dimana pihak pengakuisisi memperoleh pengendalian atas satu atau lebih bisnis. Dokumen ini membahas perbedaan antara metode pembelian dan penyatuan kepentingan dalam akuntansi kombinasi bisnis, serta perubahan yang dibawa oleh IFRS 3 (revisi 2008) seperti pengukuran aset dan liabilitas pada nilai wajar dan pengakuan biaya akuisisi
Tulisan ini membahas obligasi konversi dan dibagi menjadi 4 bagian. Bagian pertama menjelaskan pengertian obligasi konversi dan perbedaannya dengan obligasi biasa. Bagian kedua akan membahas perlakuan akuntansi obligasi konversi. Bagian ketiga menjelaskan aspek perpajakan dan bagian keempat membahas penilaian harga obligasi konversi.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah: (1) Dokumen tersebut membahas akuntansi penerbitan obligasi konversi menurut IFRS, khususnya cara memisahkan komponen liabilitas keuangan dan instrumen ekuitas, (2) IFRS mensyaratkan pemisahan komponen tersebut dengan menentukan nilai wajar liabilitas keuangan terlebih dahulu, dan sisa dialokasikan ke ekuitas, (3) Metode ini dikenal sebagai "split accounting"
Discussion paper series iteration or circularity in wacc calculationFuturum2
This email exchange discusses issues with circularity that can arise when calculating the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Specifically, the weights used to calculate the WACC may differ from the actual debt-to-equity ratio of the company being valued. The discussion focuses on two approaches to address this issue. The first is to set target debt levels in projections so the debt-to-value ratio remains constant. The second is to iterate the calculations, recalculating the WACC based on estimated values until the weights converge. The exchange also notes one should not expect projected debt ratios to exactly match target weights, but they should remain reasonably close.
This document discusses various applications of financial futures contracts for hedging purposes. It examines several case studies, including a savings bank hedging interest rate risk on certificate rollovers, a corporation hedging interest rate exposure on bonds, an investment portfolio hedging market risk, and an auto financing company hedging variable borrowing rates. It provides calculations and recommendations for determining appropriate hedge ratios and strategies in each case. Key risks discussed include basis risk when cross-hedging different underlying instruments and imperfect correlation over time.
“Amidst Tempered Optimism” Main economic trends in May 2024 based on the results of the New Monthly Enterprises Survey, #NRES
On 12 June 2024 the Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting (IER) held an online event “Economic Trends from a Business Perspective (May 2024)”.
During the event, the results of the 25-th monthly survey of business executives “Ukrainian Business during the war”, which was conducted in May 2024, were presented.
The field stage of the 25-th wave lasted from May 20 to May 31, 2024. In May, 532 companies were surveyed.
The enterprise managers compared the work results in May 2024 with April, assessed the indicators at the time of the survey (May 2024), and gave forecasts for the next two, three, or six months, depending on the question. In certain issues (where indicated), the work results were compared with the pre-war period (before February 24, 2022).
✅ More survey results in the presentation.
✅ Video presentation: https://youtu.be/4ZvsSKd1MzE
Ignacio Velez-Pareja : From the Slide Rule to the Black BerryFuturum2
1. The document discusses using financial modeling as a tool for business valuation and value management, rather than just for transactions like selling or buying a company.
2. It proposes developing a comprehensive financial model with traditional statements plus a cash budget to estimate how decisions impact future cash flows and value. This allows management to proactively shape the future rather than just reacting to the past.
3. The model incorporates factors like inflation, growth, and policies to evaluate risks and test scenarios. It is based on double-entry accounting to help ensure accuracy and identify errors.
Surplus revaluasi atau penilaian kembali aset tetapFuturum2
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang apakah akun "Surplus Revaluasi Aset Tetap" dapat direklasifikasi menjadi akun "Modal Saham". PSAK dan IAS mengijinkan reklasifikasi surplus revaluasi ke saldo laba, namun tidak mengijinkan reklasifikasi ke akun lain seperti modal saham. Aturan pajak mengizinkan kapitalisasi surplus revaluasi menjadi modal saham, namun hal ini bertentangan dengan standar akuntansi.
Perpetuity and growing pepetuity formula derivationFuturum2
This 7-page document from www.futurumcorfinan.com discusses the derivation of formulas for calculating the present value of perpetuities and growing perpetuities. It is written in Indonesian and contains multiple pages of equations and analysis. The document prohibits copying or distributing its contents without written permission from the author. It directs readers with questions or comments to the website and notes that all rights are reserved by FUTURUM.
15-minute lesson- watch out the formula that you use for roa (return on assets)Futurum2
The document is a 15-minute lesson on the formula used to calculate return on assets (ROA). It cautions readers to watch out for the formula they use for ROA calculations. The 8-page document is from the website www.futurumcorfinan.com and contains a disclaimer stating that the opinions expressed are those of FUTURUM as of the date written and are subject to change. It also states that the document may not be reproduced without written permission from the authors and FUTURUM.
Akuisisi aset atau akuisisi bisnis asc topic 805Futurum2
Transaksi akuisisi aset atau bisnis memiliki konsekuensi akuntansi dan pajak yang berbeda. FASB mempersempit definisi bisnis dalam ASU Topic 805 dengan menekankan bahwa suatu himpunan harus memiliki input dan proses substantif untuk menghasilkan output. Revisi ini dimaksudkan untuk memberi panduan lebih jelas dalam menentukan apakah suatu transaksi merupakan akuisisi aset atau bisnis.
Apakah perhitungan biaya kapital rata rata tertimbang (wacc) dalam capital bu...Futurum2
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perhitungan Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) yang tepat dalam capital budgeting perusahaan. WACC merupakan rata-rata tertimbang dari biaya komponen modal dan pinjaman perusahaan, namun perhitungannya perlu mempertimbangkan dampak perubahan rasio leverage terhadap biaya modal dan pinjaman.
15-minute lesson overview to understand npvFuturum2
The document is a 10-page article from www.futurumcorfinan.com on net present value (NPV). It includes disclaimers prohibiting copying or distributing the content without permission from the author. The article provides an overview of NPV and notes that any questions or comments about the content can be posted on the website. It concludes with copyright and disclaimer information for FUTURUM.
PSAK 22 (revisi 2010) mendefinisikan kombinasi bisnis sebagai transaksi dimana pihak pengakuisisi memperoleh pengendalian atas satu atau lebih bisnis. Dokumen ini membahas perbedaan antara metode pembelian dan penyatuan kepentingan dalam akuntansi kombinasi bisnis, serta perubahan yang dibawa oleh IFRS 3 (revisi 2008) seperti pengukuran aset dan liabilitas pada nilai wajar dan pengakuan biaya akuisisi
Tulisan ini membahas obligasi konversi dan dibagi menjadi 4 bagian. Bagian pertama menjelaskan pengertian obligasi konversi dan perbedaannya dengan obligasi biasa. Bagian kedua akan membahas perlakuan akuntansi obligasi konversi. Bagian ketiga menjelaskan aspek perpajakan dan bagian keempat membahas penilaian harga obligasi konversi.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah: (1) Dokumen tersebut membahas akuntansi penerbitan obligasi konversi menurut IFRS, khususnya cara memisahkan komponen liabilitas keuangan dan instrumen ekuitas, (2) IFRS mensyaratkan pemisahan komponen tersebut dengan menentukan nilai wajar liabilitas keuangan terlebih dahulu, dan sisa dialokasikan ke ekuitas, (3) Metode ini dikenal sebagai "split accounting"
Discussion paper series iteration or circularity in wacc calculationFuturum2
This email exchange discusses issues with circularity that can arise when calculating the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Specifically, the weights used to calculate the WACC may differ from the actual debt-to-equity ratio of the company being valued. The discussion focuses on two approaches to address this issue. The first is to set target debt levels in projections so the debt-to-value ratio remains constant. The second is to iterate the calculations, recalculating the WACC based on estimated values until the weights converge. The exchange also notes one should not expect projected debt ratios to exactly match target weights, but they should remain reasonably close.
This document discusses various applications of financial futures contracts for hedging purposes. It examines several case studies, including a savings bank hedging interest rate risk on certificate rollovers, a corporation hedging interest rate exposure on bonds, an investment portfolio hedging market risk, and an auto financing company hedging variable borrowing rates. It provides calculations and recommendations for determining appropriate hedge ratios and strategies in each case. Key risks discussed include basis risk when cross-hedging different underlying instruments and imperfect correlation over time.
“Amidst Tempered Optimism” Main economic trends in May 2024 based on the results of the New Monthly Enterprises Survey, #NRES
On 12 June 2024 the Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting (IER) held an online event “Economic Trends from a Business Perspective (May 2024)”.
During the event, the results of the 25-th monthly survey of business executives “Ukrainian Business during the war”, which was conducted in May 2024, were presented.
The field stage of the 25-th wave lasted from May 20 to May 31, 2024. In May, 532 companies were surveyed.
The enterprise managers compared the work results in May 2024 with April, assessed the indicators at the time of the survey (May 2024), and gave forecasts for the next two, three, or six months, depending on the question. In certain issues (where indicated), the work results were compared with the pre-war period (before February 24, 2022).
✅ More survey results in the presentation.
✅ Video presentation: https://youtu.be/4ZvsSKd1MzE
How to Invest in Cryptocurrency for Beginners: A Complete GuideDaniel
Cryptocurrency is digital money that operates independently of a central authority, utilizing cryptography for security. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments (fiat currencies), cryptocurrencies are decentralized and typically operate on a technology called blockchain. Each cryptocurrency transaction is recorded on a public ledger, ensuring transparency and security.
Cryptocurrencies can be used for various purposes, including online purchases, investment opportunities, and as a means of transferring value globally without the need for intermediaries like banks.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
Every business, big or small, deals with outgoing payments. Whether it’s to suppliers for inventory, to employees for salaries, or to vendors for services rendered, keeping track of these expenses is crucial. This is where payment vouchers come in – the unsung heroes of the accounting world.
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leadermsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
What Lessons Can New Investors Learn from Newman Leech’s Success?Newman Leech
Newman Leech's success in the real estate industry is based on key lessons and principles, offering practical advice for new investors and serving as a blueprint for building a successful career.
The Rise and Fall of Ponzi Schemes in America.pptxDiana Rose
Ponzi schemes, a notorious form of financial fraud, have plagued America’s investment landscape for decades. Named after Charles Ponzi, who orchestrated one of the most infamous schemes in the early 20th century, these fraudulent operations promise high returns with little or no risk, only to collapse and leave investors with significant losses. This article explores the nature of Ponzi schemes, notable cases in American history, their impact on victims, and measures to prevent falling prey to such scams.
Understanding Ponzi Schemes
A Ponzi scheme is an investment scam where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital from newer investors, rather than from legitimate profit earned. The scheme relies on a constant influx of new investments to continue paying the promised returns. Eventually, when the flow of new money slows down or stops, the scheme collapses, leaving the majority of investors with substantial financial losses.
Historical Context: Charles Ponzi and His Legacy
Charles Ponzi is the namesake of this deceptive practice. In the 1920s, Ponzi promised investors in Boston a 50% return within 45 days or 100% return in 90 days through arbitrage of international reply coupons. Initially, he paid returns as promised, not from profits, but from the investments of new participants. When his scheme unraveled, it resulted in losses exceeding $20 million (equivalent to about $270 million today).
Notable American Ponzi Schemes
1. Bernie Madoff: Perhaps the most notorious Ponzi scheme in recent history, Bernie Madoff’s fraud involved $65 billion. Madoff, a well-respected figure in the financial industry, promised steady, high returns through a secretive investment strategy. His scheme lasted for decades before collapsing in 2008, devastating thousands of investors, including individuals, charities, and institutional clients.
2. Allen Stanford: Through his company, Stanford Financial Group, Allen Stanford orchestrated a $7 billion Ponzi scheme, luring investors with fraudulent certificates of deposit issued by his offshore bank. Stanford promised high returns and lavish lifestyle benefits to his investors, which ultimately led to a 110-year prison sentence for the financier in 2012.
3. Tom Petters: In a scheme that lasted more than a decade, Tom Petters ran a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme, using his company, Petters Group Worldwide. He claimed to buy and sell consumer electronics, but in reality, he used new investments to pay off old debts and fund his extravagant lifestyle. Petters was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 50 years in prison.
4. Eric Dalius and Saivian: Eric Dalius, a prominent figure behind Saivian, a cashback program promising high returns, is under scrutiny for allegedly orchestrating a Ponzi scheme. Saivian enticed investors with promises of up to 20% cash back on everyday purchases. However, investigations suggest that the returns were paid using new investments rather than legitimate profits. The collapse of Saivian l
How to Identify the Best Crypto to Buy Now in 2024.pdfKezex (KZX)
To identify the best crypto to buy in 2024, analyze market trends, assess the project's fundamentals, review the development team and community, monitor adoption rates, and evaluate risk tolerance. Stay updated with news, regulatory changes, and expert opinions to make informed decisions.
Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance36 Crypto
Learn in-depth about Dogecoin's trajectory and stay informed with 36crypto's essential and up-to-date information about the crypto space.
Our presentation delves into Dogecoin's potential future, exploring whether it's destined to skyrocket to the moon or face a downward spiral. In addition, it highlights invaluable insights. Don't miss out on this opportunity to enhance your crypto understanding!
https://36crypto.com/the-future-of-dogecoin-how-high-can-this-cryptocurrency-reach/
Explore the world of investments with an in-depth comparison of the stock market and real estate. Understand their fundamentals, risks, returns, and diversification strategies to make informed financial decisions that align with your goals.
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Government Accounting in Nigeria
Being a Paper Presented at the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) Budget Office Staff at Sojourner Hotel, GRA, Ikeja Lagos on Saturday 8th June, 2024.
Business Valuation Resources Discussion: Gordon Model
1. www.futurumcorfinan.com
Page 1
Business Valuation Resources Discussion:
Gordon Model
Question
Comment
I have posted my comment on the above Business Valuation Resources Discussion as follows:
Gordon Growth Model (GGM) is a perpetuity method and in many cases, we can’t easily apply a
perpetuity method into a finite stream of cash flows in the explicit forecast horizon. Technically,
Sukarnen
DILARANG MENG-COPY, MENYALIN,
ATAU MENDISTRIBUSIKAN
SEBAGIAN ATAU SELURUH TULISAN
INI TANPA PERSETUJUAN TERTULIS
DARI PENULIS
Untuk pertanyaan atau komentar bisa
diposting melalui website
www.futurumcorfinan.com
2. www.futurumcorfinan.com
Page 2
this is not correct. And as it is a perpetuity method, GGM application requires that the required
rate of return and growth rate should reflect long-term expectations. This will necessitate us to
see that when we forecast the earnings growth rate much higher than the economy’s nominal
growth rate (see the reason behind this in many standard valuation guide), we need to consider
using multi-stage Dividend Discount Model, instead of GGM.
Historically GGM was developed to value a stable growth and dividend-paying stock in
companies in which we could see a consistent relationship between the dividends and its
profitability.
Reading Mike’s comments, I concur with him in the sense that there have been a couple of
papers criticizing using the FCF with “excess cash” (usually recorded under short-term
investments in marketable securities) assumed as a “distributable cash flow”, which in fact, we
see that “distributable cash flow” has never been distributed and moreover, in certain cases, it is
used for legal settlement, acquisition, etc. See papers by CA Magni/Ignacio Velez-Pareja with
regards to this alternative view.
Back to the above question, as the devils are in the details, then somehow we need more info
about how you got your cost of equity and growth rate, instead of challenging the GGM. There is
nothing wrong with this model as long as the underlying assumptions are satisfied.
Source:
https://www.linkedin.com/groups/1888911/1888911-6075521454311485442 (this link is still
being re-activated upon my access on 6 December 2015)
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