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Business Environment 商业环境   Tutor: XIONG Jiayi 熊嘉逸
Main topic: ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chapter 1 ,[object Object]
The significance (重要性)   of business definition ,[object Object],[object Object]
The significance (重要性)   of business definition ,[object Object],[object Object]
The significance (重要性)   of business definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Condition for effective 有效策略必须符合现实条件 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Objective  目标 ,[object Object]
Model 模型 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Information flow  信息流 ,[object Object]
Variety of options  多种恰当的备选方案 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Questions: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction ,[object Object]
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object]
Chapter 2 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Two Statements of Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mission & Objective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mission & Objective ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
MISSION OF A BUSINESS  企业的使命 ,[object Object]
What is a mission? ,[object Object],[object Object]
What is a mission? ,[object Object],[object Object]
MISSION OF A BUSINESS  企业的使命 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
Mission of a business  企业的使命 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mission of a business  企业的使命 ,[object Object]
 
MISSION OF A BUSINESS  企业的使命 ,[object Object]
the function( 职能 ) of the mission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
the existence of corporate (1) ,[object Object],[object Object]
the existence of corporate (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
the function of the mission ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion (about Mission) ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
THE CORPORATE OBJECTIVES  商业目标 ,[object Object]
What are corporate objectives? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are corporate objectives? ,[object Object]
 
What are corporate objectives? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of objectives  目标的区分 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are corporate objectives? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Areas for corporate objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
corporate objectives ,[object Object],[object Object]
THE CORPORATE OBJECTIVES  商业目标 ,[object Object]
the relationship between the mission statement and corporate objectives ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
THE CORPORATE OBJECTIVES  商业目标 ,[object Object]
the functions of corporate objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What do we learn from this topic? ,[object Object],[object Object]

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Business Enviornment3(Mission&Objective)

  • 1. Business Environment 商业环境 Tutor: XIONG Jiayi 熊嘉逸
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Editor's Notes

  1. 我们说到企业的定位可以从下面两个问题入手:“企业从事的是什么业务?”或者“企业希望从事什么样的业务”。简单的,小吃店经营的是饮食业务,理发店经营的是美发服务业务。但同时的我们也发现,如一些加油站,同时在经营超市的业务。一些更大的集团公司,同时经营几个品牌和各种类型的产品,例如百事可乐公司,除了生产出售百事可乐,还有其他各种品牌的饮料,甚至是百事品牌的衣服饰品等,那么此时如何理解其经营的业务和企业的定位呢?研究企业的定位又有什么价值呢?
  2. 始创于 1837 年的宝洁公司,是世界上最大的日用消费品公司。每天,宝洁公司的品牌同全球的广大消费者发生着三十亿次的亲密接触。宝洁公司拥有众多深受信赖的优质、领先品牌,包括帮宝适、佳洁士、汰渍、碧浪、舒肤佳、飘柔、潘婷、海飞丝、威娜、玉兰油、欧乐 -B 、金霸王、吉列、博朗等。 Founded in 1837, Procter & Gamble is one of the largest consumer products companies in the world. In fiscal year 2007, it had annual revenue of US$ 68.2 billion, and ranked 74th on Fortune 500 list of the world's largest corporations. 壳牌只是一家石油公司吗?事实上,壳牌是一家全球化的综合型能源公司。 Founded in 1923 as a cartoon studio, The Walt Disney Company has grown to become a diversified, international family entertainment and media company. The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the world's leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services and consumer products, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world.
  3. 要给业务启动和结束限制起到的作用以及某项特定的目标确定一个范围是意见很不容易的事情。然而,要协调各部门和员工各自的工作并正确定位该业务的市场价值和社会价值,那有一个清晰的形象和整体的期望是非常重要的。 在现实中,一个人肩负了某种使命或者是无法抗拒的理想后,就会沿着特定的轨道探索下去。如哥伦布航海寻找通往中国和日本的航道,如刘翔为实现世界男子跨栏冠军。明确的使命和最终的目标是行动和实现成功的强大动力。在商业运作中也是如此。
  4. 在商业运作中,给商业活动或者进程一个明确的界定是具有重要意义的,在大多数的商业计划书中都花了很大的心思研究这个界定。
  5. 在商业计划书中,除了“我们的使命是什么”外,对于商业计划书非常关键的还包括“我们所作的是何种业务?”或“我们希望从事什么样的业务?” 为什么这些问题这么重要呢?答案可以在“有效的策略必须符合现实条件” 中体现。
  6. 目标是衡量具体政策时候有效和人员业绩。如航船,没有目的地的就无法选择前进的路程。
  7. 要重视具体策略可能产生的潜在结果,尤其我们要能评价拉一下舵或者额外航行的影响,对要驾驭的气筒,舵手必须有一个清晰的明确的模型。
  8. 每艘船上都要有一个舵手站在高处望航线的情况,把必要的信息提供给船长;就如一个商业部门的业务经历,要通过市场调查、探究环境,促进市场和周边环境的发展且应该综合商业报告和亲自观察关注业务本身,例如书店的老板,必须了解掌握各类书卖得快慢,以及即将办法得文学奖项,这些信息都对其销售量将起到巨大的影响。
  9. 船长必须能适当决定减慢船速或者是改变航线,一名主管必须能调整其采购、生产、价格和成本。
  10. 一艘船本身是没有目标的,是人们赋予了它一定的功能,从而能产生其预期的结果。渔网的目的是——捕鱼,武器,装饰。
  11. 想要变得更好和更加强大并不能解释商业为什么存在。存在的理由来自于企业所提供的产品或服务以及其期间的附加价值目的。目的或期望的结果于现实的途径之间存在的差异是互相联系的,一个目的可用来时间另一个更高的目的,而每一种方法又是某种目的不可缺少的部分。
  12. Mission 意思指的是使命,更多的运用于宗教和精神领域,是一个具有动态的内涵。动态的内涵意在实现变革,主要是内在的企业文化活外在的企业形象,同时为将来的运营提供一个方向。
  13. 建立一个企业的战略计划包括通过对外部和内部环境和数据的概括分析,然后制定战略目标。战略计划包括一个确定的层次级数,首先是使命,接下来是组织目标,使命和目标决定了计划是什么或者他的内容,策略和战略是决定怎样实现期望的结果。战略实施要借助于方案、预算和步骤实施过程,最后开始评价和监督。
  14. 首先定义使命的含义和职能;简单说,基督教徒的使命是传播基督教,佛教徒的使命是传播佛教,基督教徒和佛教徒只能是分别效忠于上帝和佛祖,
  15. 企业的使命包含了一种雄心壮志,它超越了所有的目标,关系到企业的每一个人,它要表达综合的要素面,这个要素面要对所有相关的事物都通用。使命的阐述是一种个性化的阐述,表达了企业所渴望具有的身份。
  16. 一般来说是高级业务主管,实际上企业方向是由管理层或创立者的前景抱负来确定的。在小企业中,战略通常由管理者和所有者决定,随着企业的不断发展各个级别的管理者都需要参与战略制定,
  17. 对所有的想关责任都进行描述等等,制定使命的诀窍:承诺型,“揭示无形”,没有限制自己在其他行业的发展,没有预先排除将来进军其他行业的可能性;阐述是广泛而开放的,同时也是综合的。壳牌公司,业务多样化的公司如何制定使命。 共性:使命阐述了企业的本质,阐述涵盖广泛说明了企业的性质和期望目标,措辞没有模糊不清,从此可以看出使命阐述中的重要部分“我们的业务是什么?”和“我们希望有什么样的业务”的答案。举例。其次,使命阐述直接或间接地表明了企业地全部责任。忌讳:陈词滥调,例如我们要保持职业道德,我们要做到最大,最好,最强等,一个有效检验使命阐述的办法,看有没有人提出合理的争议,比如发现一个反例,没有反例的使命阐述是没有意义的。一个好的使命阐述必须符合下面 5 个标准。 1 ,使命必须包括能被监督的目标,目标是能够实现的,认可这个使命必定会使公司的态度和业绩发生可度量的变化,否则就是一句空话。 2 ,使公司成为独一无二的,明显与其他同行业的公司有不同。 3 ,明确定义公司开展的业务,并不一定使现在从事的业务,还必须表达出公司行为的连接要素和中心; 4 使命阐述一定要与公司所有的利益相关人相联系,不管是股东还是雇员还是供应商,使命必须表明公司为客户服务的途径,如壳牌公司。 5 ,必须有鼓动性,激励作用和动态发展。对于所有公司的参与者和合作者而言,这也是动力的源泉,不仅能完全实现仅仅是人们憧憬和向往的,
  18. 使命必须传达一个理念,也就是公司希望对社会作出积极的负责任的贡献,在制定战略计划时,公司必须给自己提一些重要的问题,这些问题在使命阐述中是可以找到答案的。“我们的业务是什么?”“我们正在做什么?”“目的何在?”“公司存在的理由是什么?”我们学到的例子看到,答案各不相同。一个公司之所以存在是因为它提供了产品,满足了社会需求。因此对提高生活标准作出了贡献,换句话说,它提供的产品有增值价值。公司以一定的价格提供一种产品和服务。这种价格要比付给员工的工资高,同时能保证投资者合理的资金回报。公司努力确保消费者的需求得到满足。员工有足够的工资来满足自己。反过来,有成了消费者。举例说明最后一点的重要性,奔驰汽车有很大一部分被自己的员工所购买。 公司存在的两个很重要的原因是 1 ,通过提供有足够需求的产品和服务创造财富,以货币的形式分配财富,而这些货币可以用来购买商品或者是服务。因此公司在社会中扮演非常重要的角色。比如消灭贫穷。如图所示,一个公司的利益相关方比员工和消费者要多,社会政府供应商经销商养老金等全都参与了商品和服务的交换,因此公司要经营就要和周围复杂的环境共同生存。公司业必须认识到自己所需要完成的社会使命。所有部门都要意识到公司不仅要对与其直接相关的各方负责,还要对社会负责。当环境污染到达警戒线的时候,这一点就会尤其明显。对于公司而言,外部世界十分复杂,是不可能从中脱离出来的。每家公司都在和外部世界不断互动,适当考虑其存在的原因和社会价值是非常重要的。公司使命就十分恰当地表达了这个理念。 使命的重要的第二个原因在于,社会在不断高速变化,要赶上技术,社会政治的发展是不容易的。所以对于一个公司而言,弄清出“我们的业务是什么”和我们打算做什么业务“是很重要的。为了能正确运营,公司必须能够设计自己的未来,而不是仅仅期望对社会发展和技术进步作出反应。这就意味着公司要有一个互动的规划策略,以便监督进度,并相应地规划未来。未来不仅是机会,更是人们工作追求的目标,显然,一个拥有前景的公司需要这样一个使命,从而赋予未来所希望的尺度。因此我们必须问自己,谁是我们现在与未来的客户和竞争对手,我们可以预期他们又什么样的行动,他们对我们有什么样的预期,以及我们希望发展什么样的技术 如今这个时代,多元化,接管,收购,合资层出不穷,只有了解公司的本质,才能在合作中发现潜在的合作伙伴。新闻中常常提到,一个公司以强大的经济实力接管了另一家公司,在一段时期后,又开始剥离,因为他们发现两者的商业活动不能很好地兼容。正如我们之前提到的,使命阐述要有远见,就是公司希望未来以什么样的形象出现。今天我们能够享受高科技带来的高标准生活,很大程度是归功于那些具有远见的人们。这种远见要求对公司内部情况有彻底的了解。并能看出两者之间的联系,同时能迅速超越个人视野,曾经这个被称为是“直升机视角”,现在被称为是“卫星视角”,只有这样才能为发展中的公司提供有益的建议才能规划出公司发展的前景。才能说“ I have a dream that one day it will come true”
  19. 形成公司使命之后,战略规划的下一步就是确定企业目标,
  20. 企业目标就是企业必须实现或者是保持的未来情形或成果。它们之所以令人期待,是因为完成这些目标就距离完成其使命更进一步了,他们是建立在公司的基本价值和存在原因的基础上的。
  21. 不管有没有正是的规定,每个公司的利益相关人都有自己评估公司业务的方法,股东希望自己的股票价值和红利有所增长。员工希望自己得到高薪酬,工作环境稳定,有晋升和提高的机会,客户,经销商,银行,供应商都有不同的衡量公司业绩的方法。公司目标要反映这些期望和利益,分出轻重缓急。
  22. 在一段特定的时间内,公司会以未来未向导,具体定下公司的目标,该目标不能与已经取得的成果相混淆。比如一年之内将产品的销售额翻一番,利润增加 20% ,扩大市场份额,提高股东总的回报水平包括红利增多和股价提高,目标必须时可量度的。因此其本质是量化的。因此在这一点上,我们就可以对那些完全符合可度量性标准,但特性上有所差异的目标进行必要的区分。
  23. 1, 目的或指标 , 最具体的目标 , 明确指出具体取得的结果 , 例如三年内将销售量翻一番 , 2, 目标 , 只指出方向 , 例如 , 我们旨在把销售量翻一番 3, 理想 , 这个是根本没有办法达到的目标 . 例如 , 无旷工或者所有的顾客都满意 .
  24. 公司的目标经常用财务术语来表述 , 由于人力资本的日益重要 , 非财务目标也常常被提及 , 例如员工的安全和福利 , 或者技术市场上的领导地位等等 , 尤其日本公司 , 他们实行终身雇佣制 .
  25. 1, 盈利能力 ( 净利润 ), 2, 效率 ( 日常的成本和开支 ) 3, 增长(利润 销售量等) 4 ,股东回报(红利+股票价值的增长) 5, 资源使用 6 ,顾客(货币最佳价值) 7 ,员工(工资,雇用条件等) 8 市场地位(市场份额,商誉等) 9 技术(革新 创新) 10 ,生存(避免破产) 11 ,最高管理者的个人要求
  26. 通常小型公司不需要明确清晰的目标一样能够运营得非常成功,但是大型的公司和企业就需要正式和非常清楚的目标说明,因为分公司或者各个部门目标必须和公司的整体目标结合在一起,否则各部门的发展就会脱节,部门经理看不到公司使命和目标。
  27. 公司的目标可以简单定义为公司使命成功的必要条件,当我们试图定义这些目标的时候,问题就会出现。我们可以看到利益相关方可以构成一个好的出发点。其他的出发点:目标必须确立的八个方面
  28. 正确制定的商业目标能为商业活动提供方向,目标是一种指示器;公司做得好还是坏,目标能够推动参与,鼓舞以及激励,所以好的目标是很重要的。目标需要更加广泛的技术和能力,告诉别人要完成什么,在让他自己决定如何去做,与直接告诉别人如何做是截然不同的,正确制定目标能够提供完成挑战 激励业绩改善 并增强激励。如果设置的是没有意义无法完成的目标最后还是只有失败。如果目标设定过低,即使能够实现更高的目标也不会有想要完成的动机。我们必须保证目标是始终如一的,例如市场部通过扩大产品的范围而达到增加销售量的目标,生产部门通过缩小产品范围来实现降低成本的目标,这样部门之间就会产生冲突。目标的不一致会带来十分消极的结果,比如一个公司的资金过度紧张,导致个人,部门之间发生内部斗争每个人都把问题归咎于其他人等等。