Business Continuity Planning for Emergencies like Ebola Virus Diseases for AL...Dr. Nirmal Kandel
This document discusses the need for business continuity plans during emergencies like the Ebola virus outbreak. It begins by differentiating between contingency plans and business continuity plans, with the latter focusing on continuing essential job functions if operations are affected. The document then outlines potential socioeconomic impacts of the Ebola outbreak, including on health sectors like reduced immunization rates, and non-health sectors like agriculture, education, and the overall economy. Absenteeism from illness and deaths can disrupt multiple sectors and lead to reduced production, lower GDP, and increased poverty. The rationale for developing business continuity plans is to maintain critical services and minimize disruption to development goals from such outbreaks. The document concludes by discussing business continuity planning assumptions and
Rebuilding Community Healthcare after CatastropheAUCMed
The document summarizes the rebuilding of healthcare infrastructure in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. It describes the collaborative disaster planning that existed prior to Katrina. It outlines the strategic objectives in the first year after Katrina to rebuild hospitals, EMS, clinics, and public health services. Key lessons learned include the importance of relationships built through prior collaboration, local leadership, data-driven requests for assistance, and grassroots rebuilding strategies grounded in reality.
This document provides background information on the health worker crisis in Cameroon and discusses challenges faced by physicians. It begins with an introduction to Cameroon's health system and burden of disease. Physicians face many challenges including low wages that contribute to high migration rates, lack of equipment and social benefits, shortages and imbalances in distribution, and overwork. Recommendations are provided such as increasing salaries and benefits, implementing task-shifting, and improving retention through bonding medical students or restricting private practice. Limitations of available data on the physician workforce in Cameroon are also noted.
2019 International Conference on Disaster Medicine and Hurricane ResiliencyAUCMed
A combined sampling of presentations from the 2019 International Conference on Disaster Medicine and Hurricane Resiliency (March 8-11, 2019, Sint Maarten)
Emergency care systems in low and middle income countries are inadequate, leading to high rates of preventable death and disability. Limited access to emergency services is a global problem that disproportionately impacts the poor and vulnerable. While some solutions have aimed to improve transportation, communication, and training, overall emergency care remains underprioritized and underfunded. Systemic issues across health systems including inadequate resources, coordination challenges, and low prioritization of emergency care collectively contribute to gaps in emergency access. Improving emergency care requires addressing challenges across multiple levels from improving awareness and affordability for individuals to strengthening national health systems.
Out of Health expenditure and household budget: Evidence from Egypt , Jordan ...Economic Research Forum
Reham Rizk - British university in Egypt
Hala Abou-Ali - Cairo University
ERF Workshop on The Economics of Healthcare in the ERF Region
Cairo, Egypt - May 23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
The document discusses the role of hospitals in primary health care. It outlines that hospitals should (1) support primary health care activities through developing referral systems and providing technical guidance, (2) promote community health development by encouraging community involvement, decision making, and education, and (3) provide basic and continuing education to health workers through training programs. Hospitals can also (4) support health services research to improve primary health care implementation and ensure community participation.
Human Resources in Humanitarian Health Working Group ReportNicholas Cooper
The document summarizes a report from the Human Resources in Humanitarian Health (HRHH) Working Group at the 2009 Humanitarian Action Summit. The report evaluated the potential for task shifting in humanitarian relief efforts. Key points:
1) Task shifting, or shifting tasks from highly trained to less trained workers, shows promise for addressing health worker shortages in humanitarian settings but faces obstacles like lack of regulations and training standards.
2) The HRHH Working Group conducted a literature review and survey that confirmed task shifting could work in humanitarian contexts if best practices were established.
3) The Working Group aimed to identify which health tasks could be performed by less trained staff, barriers to task shifting, and regulatory frameworks needed to ensure
Business Continuity Planning for Emergencies like Ebola Virus Diseases for AL...Dr. Nirmal Kandel
This document discusses the need for business continuity plans during emergencies like the Ebola virus outbreak. It begins by differentiating between contingency plans and business continuity plans, with the latter focusing on continuing essential job functions if operations are affected. The document then outlines potential socioeconomic impacts of the Ebola outbreak, including on health sectors like reduced immunization rates, and non-health sectors like agriculture, education, and the overall economy. Absenteeism from illness and deaths can disrupt multiple sectors and lead to reduced production, lower GDP, and increased poverty. The rationale for developing business continuity plans is to maintain critical services and minimize disruption to development goals from such outbreaks. The document concludes by discussing business continuity planning assumptions and
Rebuilding Community Healthcare after CatastropheAUCMed
The document summarizes the rebuilding of healthcare infrastructure in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. It describes the collaborative disaster planning that existed prior to Katrina. It outlines the strategic objectives in the first year after Katrina to rebuild hospitals, EMS, clinics, and public health services. Key lessons learned include the importance of relationships built through prior collaboration, local leadership, data-driven requests for assistance, and grassroots rebuilding strategies grounded in reality.
This document provides background information on the health worker crisis in Cameroon and discusses challenges faced by physicians. It begins with an introduction to Cameroon's health system and burden of disease. Physicians face many challenges including low wages that contribute to high migration rates, lack of equipment and social benefits, shortages and imbalances in distribution, and overwork. Recommendations are provided such as increasing salaries and benefits, implementing task-shifting, and improving retention through bonding medical students or restricting private practice. Limitations of available data on the physician workforce in Cameroon are also noted.
2019 International Conference on Disaster Medicine and Hurricane ResiliencyAUCMed
A combined sampling of presentations from the 2019 International Conference on Disaster Medicine and Hurricane Resiliency (March 8-11, 2019, Sint Maarten)
Emergency care systems in low and middle income countries are inadequate, leading to high rates of preventable death and disability. Limited access to emergency services is a global problem that disproportionately impacts the poor and vulnerable. While some solutions have aimed to improve transportation, communication, and training, overall emergency care remains underprioritized and underfunded. Systemic issues across health systems including inadequate resources, coordination challenges, and low prioritization of emergency care collectively contribute to gaps in emergency access. Improving emergency care requires addressing challenges across multiple levels from improving awareness and affordability for individuals to strengthening national health systems.
Out of Health expenditure and household budget: Evidence from Egypt , Jordan ...Economic Research Forum
Reham Rizk - British university in Egypt
Hala Abou-Ali - Cairo University
ERF Workshop on The Economics of Healthcare in the ERF Region
Cairo, Egypt - May 23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
The document discusses the role of hospitals in primary health care. It outlines that hospitals should (1) support primary health care activities through developing referral systems and providing technical guidance, (2) promote community health development by encouraging community involvement, decision making, and education, and (3) provide basic and continuing education to health workers through training programs. Hospitals can also (4) support health services research to improve primary health care implementation and ensure community participation.
Human Resources in Humanitarian Health Working Group ReportNicholas Cooper
The document summarizes a report from the Human Resources in Humanitarian Health (HRHH) Working Group at the 2009 Humanitarian Action Summit. The report evaluated the potential for task shifting in humanitarian relief efforts. Key points:
1) Task shifting, or shifting tasks from highly trained to less trained workers, shows promise for addressing health worker shortages in humanitarian settings but faces obstacles like lack of regulations and training standards.
2) The HRHH Working Group conducted a literature review and survey that confirmed task shifting could work in humanitarian contexts if best practices were established.
3) The Working Group aimed to identify which health tasks could be performed by less trained staff, barriers to task shifting, and regulatory frameworks needed to ensure
This document summarizes a presentation on the Philippine healthcare system. It discusses the history of healthcare in the Philippines from pre-Hispanic times to the modern era. It also outlines the key reforms and initiatives to establish universal healthcare, including the National Health Insurance Act, increased healthcare budgets, and the Aquino health agenda. The presentation highlights improved access to facilities and health outcomes such as increased life expectancy and reductions in mortality.
This document is an executive summary of the report by the Mexican Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. It discusses the relationship between health and economic development in Mexico. Some key points:
- Health is one of the most valued goals for human well-being and has a substantial impact on economic growth. Studies show that improved health accounts for about one-third of Mexico's long-term economic growth.
- A 10% increase in public health expenditures as a share of GDP in developing countries could reduce maternal mortality by 7%, child mortality by 0.69%, and low birth weights by 4.14%.
- The report analyzes how health impacts economic growth, examines Mexico's current health goals and investments, and
Health care in Australia is delivered through both public and private systems. The public system is funded through taxes and Medicare provides universal healthcare access. Private health insurance can be purchased for services like hospitals and extras. Approximately 90% of health spending currently goes to treating illness rather than prevention. There is a push to increase funding for prevention to improve health and control costs as the population ages. New technologies have improved disease detection but also increase costs.
India's public health system includes over 5,000 hospitals, 8.7 million hospital beds, 500,000 doctors, and 737,000 nurses. The system is managed by state and central governments. Major public hospitals in urban areas include specialized hospitals like AIIMS with 1,500-2,000 beds, cancer and TB hospitals with 500-1,000 beds, and medical college and district hospitals with 500 beds. Rural public health services are generally poor due to lack of resources, overburdening, corruption, and lack of planning. Private urban health systems are more advanced but also more expensive, catering primarily to rich and middle-income groups through insurance. They integrate pharmacy, testing, and inpatient/out
Chief Medical Officer publishes volume 1 of her first annual report on the st...Department of Health
This first of 2 volumes of the Chief Medical Officer Professor Dame Sally Davies’s annual report provides a comprehensive picture of England’s health.
It brings together a number of data sources in one place for the first time and is designed to be used by local authorities and local health professionals as they work together to improve the health of local populations.
This document summarizes and discusses a scholarly article about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and its potential impact on elevating public health in the United States. Some key points:
1. PPACA includes many provisions aimed at prevention, wellness promotion and population health interventions, which could help shift the national focus from "sick care" to "health care".
2. However, the ultimate impact of these public health provisions will depend on future implementing regulations and funding appropriations.
3. Successfully implementing a broad public health agenda in the US may face significant cultural and political challenges, as attitudes toward government intervention and lifestyle choices differ from other countries with stronger public health systems.
The document discusses healthcare systems and financing in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's healthcare system, which is led by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and delivers services through two branches - the Directorate General of Health Services and the Directorate General of Family Planning. Non-governmental organizations also play an important role in service delivery. The system includes various types of public health facilities at the national, divisional, district, upazila, union and ward levels. It also discusses urban health systems managed by city corporations, and describes the main organizations responsible for health financing in Bangladesh, including the Ministry of Health, social security organizations, and private health insurance funds.
"The future of healthcare in Africa: progress on five healthcare scenarios", a new report written by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and sponsored by Janssen, explores Africa's recent progress on several major healthcare challenges. The report looks at the continent's increasing focus on primary and preventive care, the empowerment of communities as healthcare providers, the extension of universal healthcare, the spread of telemedicine, and the role of international donors.
The Russian healthcare system faces significant challenges including poor organization, lack of government funding, outdated equipment, and low pay for healthcare workers. As a result, many Russian citizens struggle to access acceptable healthcare. While Russia spends less on healthcare as a percentage of GDP compared to other countries, there have been some improvements in recent decades like increased spending, salary growth, and national priority programs. However, barriers like inequality between urban and rural areas, high alcoholism rates, and neglect of stigmatized groups continue to negatively impact health outcomes in Russia.
This document summarizes key findings from National Health Accounts conducted in Egypt between 1994-2009. It finds that private out-of-pocket spending remains the largest source of health financing. While total health spending has increased over time, government spending as a percentage of total health spending and of the overall government budget is among the lowest in the region. There are also inequities in spending between rich and poor and urban and rural populations. The document calls for increased public investment in health and reforms to address these inequities and increase the role of comprehensive insurance.
2006 Expert Patients For Art Lit Review Kk&Wvdwvdamme
The document reviews expert patient programs for chronic disease management in high-income countries and explores their relevance for HIV/AIDS care in low-income countries with severe shortages of health care workers. It finds that current models of antiretroviral treatment delivery are too intensive in their use of skilled staff to scale up in most sub-Saharan African countries. However, chronic disease self-management programs that train lay people living with the conditions to support others have improved health outcomes and reduced healthcare use. Similarly, people living with HIV/AIDS currently play roles in HIV prevention, home-based care, treatment adherence and literacy that could be expanded under an expert patient model to help address the human resource constraints facing HIV treatment scale-up
Challenges and Opportunities in Emergency Medicine from Public and Global Hea...Ted Herbosa
Emergency medicine has grown significantly in the Philippines over the past few decades. The first certified emergency physician was in 1986, and the University of the Philippines created the first Department of Emergency Medicine in 1991. Several hospitals and medical centers have since established emergency departments led by emergency physicians. The field continues to develop within the context of broader health reforms aiming for universal healthcare coverage and strengthening health systems to improve access, efficiency, quality and continuum of care, including pre-hospital emergency services. Emergency medicine must operate considering the bigger national health system and reforms to help achieve world-class emergency care standards.
The document discusses progress on five future healthcare scenarios in Africa that were previously explored:
1) Preventive care has improved but rural-urban divides persist due to infrastructure and workforce challenges.
2) Business input and community empowerment models are developing through public-private partnerships and training of new healthcare worker tiers.
3) Several countries have advanced universal health coverage through insurance schemes but challenges remain in expanding coverage and improving quality.
4) Telemedicine has grown but infrastructure limitations remain, though mobile technologies are expanding access to care and insurance.
5) International donors seek greater impact through support for universal coverage and cash-strapped governments but roles remain crucial given funding shortfalls.
Australia has a mixed public-private healthcare system. The public system is funded through Medicare, which provides universal healthcare access and subsidizes medical costs. Medicare is funded through a 2% tax levy. The government also jointly funds public hospitals with state governments. Private health insurance can be used to cover additional costs. Overall, Australia's healthcare system is considered high-quality and affordable.
The macro trends in healthcare and the associated careershivani rana
This document discusses emerging macro trends in the US healthcare system and their impact on future healthcare jobs. It identifies key trends like changes in demographics, lifestyle, technology, and government policy that are shaping the healthcare system and employment landscape. The aging population and rise of chronic diseases will increase demand for roles like home health aides. Growing technology usage will create jobs for health IT analysts. Changes to government policy like the Affordable Care Act aim to provide more accessible insurance and create a need for health policy analysts. These macro trends will significantly impact both the healthcare industry and the jobs of the future.
The document discusses the ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the factors contributing to its severity. It argues that the high mortality rates are due not just to lack of staff and resources, but more fundamentally to lack of adequate health systems to effectively deploy them. In particular, it notes the lack of basic protective equipment, guidelines, and supportive care that could reduce unnecessary deaths. It calls for responses to both provide immediate aid and invest in building sustainable systems focused on quality, safety, effectiveness, and treating patients with dignity to restore lost trust and prevent future crises.
An Appraisal of the Impact of the Dearth of Pre-Hospital Emergency Medical Se...inventionjournals
The significant role of pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) cannot be over emphasized as it encompasses minimizing the consequences of accidents and provides rapid response and relieve materials to victims of road traffic accidents at the scene of the crash. The paper therefore tries to analytically x-ray the relationship between income GDP per capital and the rate of road traffic death to determine the effect of absences of pre-hospital emergency medical services to road traffic victims in Nigeria. The paper makes use of regression as a tool of analysis, with the aid of variables such as record of road traffic accident death and indices on income GDP per capita of the country in focus to draw conclusion or the relationship or otherwise of the argument above. the correlation between the calculated data on death rate from road traffic accident per 10000 population and GDP per capita resulted in a negative strong significant relationship as, r (19) = –0.79,P = < 0.0001, ß= 0.79. The coefficient of the predictor GDP per capita is Significant. (P=0.0001<p>< 0.05). Hence rejecting the null hypotheses and accepting the alternative hypotheses. There is a negative significant correlation between income GNI and Road Traffic rate. The paper concludes that there is a significant correlation between the country’s income GDP per capita and the rate of death in road traffic accident due to the absences of pre-emergency medical services at the accident scene. It there recommends amongst others that; government must take pro-active measures to abate the occurrences of road crashes and equip the agency responsible for meting out pre-hospital emergency medical services with the requisite tools to function.
Universal health coverage means that everyone has access to health care services including preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative care when needed at an affordable cost. The key objectives of universal health coverage are to ensure equitable access to quality health services for all, regardless of ability to pay, and provide financial protection so that costs of care do not cause financial hardship. Universal health coverage aims to make health care available, accessible and affordable for entire populations.
Brazil's economy has grew at over 15% per year for a decade and is now waking up to a harsh reality.
Social unrest, corruption scandals, political changes and rising inflation will shape growth moving forward.
What does this mean for the Healthcare sector? How will the government react? What does this mean for the private sector and particularly for foreign investors?
Fragmented private care
Recent developments and outlook
Foreign investments and Consolidations
Private hospital income & expenditure
Trends & Outlook
This document summarizes a presentation on the Philippine healthcare system. It discusses the history of healthcare in the Philippines from pre-Hispanic times to the modern era. It also outlines the key reforms and initiatives to establish universal healthcare, including the National Health Insurance Act, increased healthcare budgets, and the Aquino health agenda. The presentation highlights improved access to facilities and health outcomes such as increased life expectancy and reductions in mortality.
This document is an executive summary of the report by the Mexican Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. It discusses the relationship between health and economic development in Mexico. Some key points:
- Health is one of the most valued goals for human well-being and has a substantial impact on economic growth. Studies show that improved health accounts for about one-third of Mexico's long-term economic growth.
- A 10% increase in public health expenditures as a share of GDP in developing countries could reduce maternal mortality by 7%, child mortality by 0.69%, and low birth weights by 4.14%.
- The report analyzes how health impacts economic growth, examines Mexico's current health goals and investments, and
Health care in Australia is delivered through both public and private systems. The public system is funded through taxes and Medicare provides universal healthcare access. Private health insurance can be purchased for services like hospitals and extras. Approximately 90% of health spending currently goes to treating illness rather than prevention. There is a push to increase funding for prevention to improve health and control costs as the population ages. New technologies have improved disease detection but also increase costs.
India's public health system includes over 5,000 hospitals, 8.7 million hospital beds, 500,000 doctors, and 737,000 nurses. The system is managed by state and central governments. Major public hospitals in urban areas include specialized hospitals like AIIMS with 1,500-2,000 beds, cancer and TB hospitals with 500-1,000 beds, and medical college and district hospitals with 500 beds. Rural public health services are generally poor due to lack of resources, overburdening, corruption, and lack of planning. Private urban health systems are more advanced but also more expensive, catering primarily to rich and middle-income groups through insurance. They integrate pharmacy, testing, and inpatient/out
Chief Medical Officer publishes volume 1 of her first annual report on the st...Department of Health
This first of 2 volumes of the Chief Medical Officer Professor Dame Sally Davies’s annual report provides a comprehensive picture of England’s health.
It brings together a number of data sources in one place for the first time and is designed to be used by local authorities and local health professionals as they work together to improve the health of local populations.
This document summarizes and discusses a scholarly article about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and its potential impact on elevating public health in the United States. Some key points:
1. PPACA includes many provisions aimed at prevention, wellness promotion and population health interventions, which could help shift the national focus from "sick care" to "health care".
2. However, the ultimate impact of these public health provisions will depend on future implementing regulations and funding appropriations.
3. Successfully implementing a broad public health agenda in the US may face significant cultural and political challenges, as attitudes toward government intervention and lifestyle choices differ from other countries with stronger public health systems.
The document discusses healthcare systems and financing in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's healthcare system, which is led by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and delivers services through two branches - the Directorate General of Health Services and the Directorate General of Family Planning. Non-governmental organizations also play an important role in service delivery. The system includes various types of public health facilities at the national, divisional, district, upazila, union and ward levels. It also discusses urban health systems managed by city corporations, and describes the main organizations responsible for health financing in Bangladesh, including the Ministry of Health, social security organizations, and private health insurance funds.
"The future of healthcare in Africa: progress on five healthcare scenarios", a new report written by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and sponsored by Janssen, explores Africa's recent progress on several major healthcare challenges. The report looks at the continent's increasing focus on primary and preventive care, the empowerment of communities as healthcare providers, the extension of universal healthcare, the spread of telemedicine, and the role of international donors.
The Russian healthcare system faces significant challenges including poor organization, lack of government funding, outdated equipment, and low pay for healthcare workers. As a result, many Russian citizens struggle to access acceptable healthcare. While Russia spends less on healthcare as a percentage of GDP compared to other countries, there have been some improvements in recent decades like increased spending, salary growth, and national priority programs. However, barriers like inequality between urban and rural areas, high alcoholism rates, and neglect of stigmatized groups continue to negatively impact health outcomes in Russia.
This document summarizes key findings from National Health Accounts conducted in Egypt between 1994-2009. It finds that private out-of-pocket spending remains the largest source of health financing. While total health spending has increased over time, government spending as a percentage of total health spending and of the overall government budget is among the lowest in the region. There are also inequities in spending between rich and poor and urban and rural populations. The document calls for increased public investment in health and reforms to address these inequities and increase the role of comprehensive insurance.
2006 Expert Patients For Art Lit Review Kk&Wvdwvdamme
The document reviews expert patient programs for chronic disease management in high-income countries and explores their relevance for HIV/AIDS care in low-income countries with severe shortages of health care workers. It finds that current models of antiretroviral treatment delivery are too intensive in their use of skilled staff to scale up in most sub-Saharan African countries. However, chronic disease self-management programs that train lay people living with the conditions to support others have improved health outcomes and reduced healthcare use. Similarly, people living with HIV/AIDS currently play roles in HIV prevention, home-based care, treatment adherence and literacy that could be expanded under an expert patient model to help address the human resource constraints facing HIV treatment scale-up
Challenges and Opportunities in Emergency Medicine from Public and Global Hea...Ted Herbosa
Emergency medicine has grown significantly in the Philippines over the past few decades. The first certified emergency physician was in 1986, and the University of the Philippines created the first Department of Emergency Medicine in 1991. Several hospitals and medical centers have since established emergency departments led by emergency physicians. The field continues to develop within the context of broader health reforms aiming for universal healthcare coverage and strengthening health systems to improve access, efficiency, quality and continuum of care, including pre-hospital emergency services. Emergency medicine must operate considering the bigger national health system and reforms to help achieve world-class emergency care standards.
The document discusses progress on five future healthcare scenarios in Africa that were previously explored:
1) Preventive care has improved but rural-urban divides persist due to infrastructure and workforce challenges.
2) Business input and community empowerment models are developing through public-private partnerships and training of new healthcare worker tiers.
3) Several countries have advanced universal health coverage through insurance schemes but challenges remain in expanding coverage and improving quality.
4) Telemedicine has grown but infrastructure limitations remain, though mobile technologies are expanding access to care and insurance.
5) International donors seek greater impact through support for universal coverage and cash-strapped governments but roles remain crucial given funding shortfalls.
Australia has a mixed public-private healthcare system. The public system is funded through Medicare, which provides universal healthcare access and subsidizes medical costs. Medicare is funded through a 2% tax levy. The government also jointly funds public hospitals with state governments. Private health insurance can be used to cover additional costs. Overall, Australia's healthcare system is considered high-quality and affordable.
The macro trends in healthcare and the associated careershivani rana
This document discusses emerging macro trends in the US healthcare system and their impact on future healthcare jobs. It identifies key trends like changes in demographics, lifestyle, technology, and government policy that are shaping the healthcare system and employment landscape. The aging population and rise of chronic diseases will increase demand for roles like home health aides. Growing technology usage will create jobs for health IT analysts. Changes to government policy like the Affordable Care Act aim to provide more accessible insurance and create a need for health policy analysts. These macro trends will significantly impact both the healthcare industry and the jobs of the future.
The document discusses the ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the factors contributing to its severity. It argues that the high mortality rates are due not just to lack of staff and resources, but more fundamentally to lack of adequate health systems to effectively deploy them. In particular, it notes the lack of basic protective equipment, guidelines, and supportive care that could reduce unnecessary deaths. It calls for responses to both provide immediate aid and invest in building sustainable systems focused on quality, safety, effectiveness, and treating patients with dignity to restore lost trust and prevent future crises.
An Appraisal of the Impact of the Dearth of Pre-Hospital Emergency Medical Se...inventionjournals
The significant role of pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) cannot be over emphasized as it encompasses minimizing the consequences of accidents and provides rapid response and relieve materials to victims of road traffic accidents at the scene of the crash. The paper therefore tries to analytically x-ray the relationship between income GDP per capital and the rate of road traffic death to determine the effect of absences of pre-hospital emergency medical services to road traffic victims in Nigeria. The paper makes use of regression as a tool of analysis, with the aid of variables such as record of road traffic accident death and indices on income GDP per capita of the country in focus to draw conclusion or the relationship or otherwise of the argument above. the correlation between the calculated data on death rate from road traffic accident per 10000 population and GDP per capita resulted in a negative strong significant relationship as, r (19) = –0.79,P = < 0.0001, ß= 0.79. The coefficient of the predictor GDP per capita is Significant. (P=0.0001<p>< 0.05). Hence rejecting the null hypotheses and accepting the alternative hypotheses. There is a negative significant correlation between income GNI and Road Traffic rate. The paper concludes that there is a significant correlation between the country’s income GDP per capita and the rate of death in road traffic accident due to the absences of pre-emergency medical services at the accident scene. It there recommends amongst others that; government must take pro-active measures to abate the occurrences of road crashes and equip the agency responsible for meting out pre-hospital emergency medical services with the requisite tools to function.
Universal health coverage means that everyone has access to health care services including preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative care when needed at an affordable cost. The key objectives of universal health coverage are to ensure equitable access to quality health services for all, regardless of ability to pay, and provide financial protection so that costs of care do not cause financial hardship. Universal health coverage aims to make health care available, accessible and affordable for entire populations.
Brazil's economy has grew at over 15% per year for a decade and is now waking up to a harsh reality.
Social unrest, corruption scandals, political changes and rising inflation will shape growth moving forward.
What does this mean for the Healthcare sector? How will the government react? What does this mean for the private sector and particularly for foreign investors?
Fragmented private care
Recent developments and outlook
Foreign investments and Consolidations
Private hospital income & expenditure
Trends & Outlook
Dokumen tersebut merupakan tugas akhir tentang penjelasan langkah-langkah menghitung luas persegi panjang dengan menggunakan satuan luas persegi. Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan tentang cara menutupi daerah persegi panjang dengan persegi satuan, menghitung luas persegi panjang berdasarkan jumlah kolom dan baris, serta rumus luas persegi panjang yang diperoleh.
This document discusses quality in information systems. It defines quality as an ongoing process of correcting, detecting, and preventing problems. Quality is measured through customer and process metrics that demonstrate success supporting business operations. Challenges to quality include uneven accountability, lack of common sense and critical thinking skills, immature processes, and limited tools. To improve quality, the document recommends organically implementing improvements through incident management, a process improvement team, prioritizing remediation activities, and closing the loop on remediation.
10 employer branding takeaways every employer branding leader should know (and apply). Presented by Jennifer Newbill, Senior Manager of Employer Branding at Dell.
Sponsored by Glassdoor for Employers.
Str 581 guide 3 97) _____ is the integration of economic, social, cultural, a...sankarananthcj
97) _____ is the integration of economic, social, cultural, and ecological facets of life, enabled by information technologies.
A. business environment
B. nationalization
C. globalization
D. regionalization
- The Fame was Lady Gaga's debut studio album, released in 2008 through Interscope Records. It was a commercial success, topping charts around the world and selling over 15 million copies globally.
- The album had a synthpop and dance-pop sound inspired by 1980s pop music. Lyrically, it explored themes of fame, love, sex, money, drugs and identity.
- Lady Gaga promoted the album heavily through tours, television appearances, and music videos for singles like "Poker Face" and "Paparazzi", which gained international success and topped charts in multiple countries.
The document summarizes efforts to map and align investments by the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and the CGIAR. It presents a prototype database to characterize and index agricultural investments by theme, location, commodity, and other attributes. The prototype allows users to search, compare and relate different investments. It finds that investment plans vary in detail and terminology, but a standardized process can improve data harmonization. The way forward includes gaining stakeholder buy-in, expanding the technical support team, and establishing implementation guidelines and best practices.
This document contains metrics for a country including its open budget index, number of landlines and cellulars per capita, percentages of the labor force and GDP in various sectors like services and agriculture, internet and host usage rates, human development index, global competitiveness index, GINI index on household incomes, GDP growth rate, corruption perception index, control of corruption, and other statistical indicators.
In this webinar, you'll learn how to:
Tell a story the right way to recruit tech talent and why it matters
Conduct email and inmail campaigns that stand out in the crowd
Avoid recruiter fails at all costs
The green bee-eater is a small bird found in parts of Africa and Asia that grows up to 18 cm in length. It primarily feeds on insects, with over 80% of its diet consisting of honeybees and the rest made up of other bee species and flying insects. Green bee-eaters nest between May and June in tunnels dug into sandy banks, where females lay around 5 eggs that are incubated for two weeks by the parents and helpers before fledging within a month.
This document discusses transboundary zoonotic diseases from an Indian perspective. It begins by defining transboundary zoonotic diseases and providing some examples. It then discusses several major disease outbreaks and pandemics that have impacted India and the world, including plague, cholera, avian influenza, Nipah virus, and SARS. It notes factors that have contributed to the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases, such as population growth, increased trade and travel, agricultural intensification, and environmental changes. The document emphasizes that India's large population, biodiversity, agricultural sector, and trade relationships make it vulnerable to zoonotic diseases and their impacts.
This document outlines Dr. Nirmal Kandel's presentation on epidemiology and health systems at the 2nd National Scientific Conference on Epidemiology in Bandung, Indonesia. The presentation covers definitions of epidemiology, skills gained through epidemiology training, current uses of epidemiology, applying epidemiology to health system development, and developing an epidemiological model for health systems. Dr. Kandel emphasizes using epidemiology to understand population health needs and inform how different components of health systems, such as workforce, finance, and information, should function based on those needs.
King Holmes, MD, PhD. University Consortium for Global Health. Sept. 15, 2009.UWGlobalHealth
The document discusses the state of global health in 2009 and opportunities for universities to help address global health challenges through collaboration. It outlines five major global health agendas, including communicable diseases, maternal and child health, injuries and violence, chronic diseases, and environmental health issues related to climate change. There are many workforce and infrastructure needs in developing countries that universities could help meet by training skilled professionals. New opportunities exist through partnerships, technologies, and increased resources and interest from different sectors. The Consortium of Universities for Global Health aims to leverage these opportunities by promoting effective interdisciplinary collaboration between universities and other institutions.
Current public health issues in North KoreaChanggyo Yoon
This presentation reviews key health statistics of North Korea with available data sources and draws key implications to public health authorities in South Korea.
This document introduces the topic of assessing the public health workforce in the Netherlands. It provides background information on public health and discusses how insight into the size and composition of the public health workforce is limited both internationally and in the Netherlands. It describes that enumerating the multidisciplinary public health workforce is challenging due to indistinct boundaries between public health and other sectors and a lack of standardized data collection. The document introduces the concept of essential public health operations which can help define the public health workforce based on the services provided.
Brief overview of group 2 final PowerPoint presentation pertaining to the affects of macro-trends on the U.S.Healthcare Systems and potential job growth/opportunities that will come from them.
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3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
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2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Business Continuity Plan (BCP) for Emergencies like Ebola Virus Diseases for Health sectors
1. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
1 |
Preparedness
Ebola Virus Outbreak
Business Continuity Plan (BCP)
Generic Presentation
Dr Nirmal Kandel , MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA
Public Health Specialist
Disclaimer: This presentation is developed with a view of advocating a need of
development of Business Continuity Plan (BCP) as part of preparedness or
readiness/response plan for emergencies like Ebola Virus Diseases or any other
emergencies, where the response may have to compromise the essential and critical
functions.
2. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
2 |
Outline
Difference between Contingency Plan and Business Continuity Plan (BCP)
Impacts of Ebola (socio-economic and others)
Potential impacts on health and non –health sectors
Rationale for BCP
Planning assumptions
BCP Planning and Steps
Lack of Preparedness: Example
3. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
3 |
Difference between CP and BCP
BCP is part of CP
A Contingency Plan
Protects life safety in the event of
an incident and is geographically
based, meaning that your office’s
plan should be specific to its
location. In other words, what will
you do in case of an immediate
emergency- where will you go, what
should go with you, how will you
account for everyone, etc.
A Business Continuity Plan
Protects the job that you do, and
should outline how you will
continue do essential tasks in the
event of an incident that may
affect operations. For example,
how will you provide the
immunization if there health care
workers are sick? Or how will you
do your job if you can’t use your
office space for a week
4. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
4 |
Socio-Economic Impact
EVD
outbreak
5. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
5 |
Potential Impact on Ebola Outbreak
Projections show a possible $32.6 billion loss to West Africa over the next
two years (only in West Africa) – source: WB
Deaths, absenteeism and attempts to avoid infection have consequences
for supply and demand side of economy
– Markets close, utilities unreliable, telecoms break, cash in short supply
– Mining and production reduces
Threats to Rule of Law and Security (recently established peace after
decade long conflict
6. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
6 |
Potential Impacts on Health Sectors
Deaths/ Illnesses Quarantine
Care Fear
Absenteeism
Decreased Supply
Reduced Services
Disrupted
transportation and
services
Cross Sectoral
Activities
Increased Demand
Care of Ebola/Fever
Water & Sanitation
Communication
Banking services
Mortuary & Burial
Electricity/Power
Routine Health Care
Security
Logistics
Breakdown of Health Services
Changed Demands
Lack of BCP
Potential Impacts on
Health Sectors
7. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
7 |
Potential Impacts on Non-Health Sectors
Deaths/ Illnesses Quarantine
Care Fear
Absenteeism
Decreased Supply
Reduced production
Disrupted
transportation
Trade of
commodities
Cross sectoral
interdependencies
Increased Demand
Logistic support
Water & Sanitation
Communication
Banking services
Mortuary & Burial
Electricity/Power
Health Care
Security
Breakdown of Services
Economic and Social Disruption
Changed Demands
Lack of BCP
Decreased Demand
Retail Trade
Transportation
Leisure Travel
Gastronomy
8. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
8 |
Other Risk and Impact
Livelihoods
Human Health
Governance &
Security
Social &
Humanitarian Needs
Economic Systems
• Food and income loss from loss of mining
and production and other source of
incomes
• High illness & potentially higher death rates
• Overstretched health facilities
• Disproportionate impact on vulnerable
• Increased demand for governance & security
• Higher public anxiety
• Reduced capacity due to fear, illness & death
• Deterioration of coping & support
mechanisms
• Interruption in public services
• Quarantine policies
• Trade & commerce disruptions
• Degraded labour force
• Interruption of regular supply systems
Categories of Risk
9. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
9 |
Rationale for BCP
During emergencies our health system will be overwhelmed and
challenged by various factors:
– Demand of Outbreak Response is High
• 30% of required ETC beds are only available (1188 available vs
requirement 4167)
• INSERT: Number of health Care required for the effective response
– Absenteeism
• More than 600 health care workers are affected
• More than half of them died
• Sickness of Health Care workers
• Fear Factors (we don’t know the exact number)
10. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
10 |
Rationale for BCP – Absenteeism e.g. Liberia
46 percent of those working at the start
of the Ebola crisis are no longer
working as of early November 2014
Self-employed and wage workers have
been the hardest hit, while agriculture
is beginning to see returns to work as
the harvest approaches
Food insecurity is worsening, especially
for the poorest, due to rising rice prices,
falling incomes, and transportation
restrictions
Source: World Bank Group: The Socio-Economic Impacts of Ebola in Liberia
11. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
11 |
Rationale for BCP…Contd
During emergencies our health system will be overwhelmed and
challenged by various factors:
– Other requirements
• Safe burial team and trained manpower in place
• Logistic Demands for the outbreak response
To over come the demands of response
– Other sectors will be compromised by mobilizing
• Health Care workforce
• Logistics
• Facilities
• Finance (Money)
12. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
12 |
Rationale for BCP…Contd
During emergencies our health system has to operate other essential
functions in absence of that for instance may lead to following situation
– immunization rates have been dropping with loss of health care workers and
reluctance of the population to visit health facilities.
– The long planned measles campaign in one of the country has been
postponed until after the Ebola epidemic is over.
– Some evidence has shown collapse of routine health care as both patients and
providers have avoided clinics for fear of infection.
– It has also highlighted that the malaria control effort has been impacted and
likely to linger long after the outbreak ends.
– Achievements so far made (malaria deaths have fallen by about 30% in African
countries since 2000) are at stake in these countries.
13. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
13 |
Rationale for BCP…Contd
During emergencies our health system has to operate other essential
functions in absence of that for instance may lead to following situation
– Locally endemic disease surveillance and laboratory confirmation have been
challenged and case reporting is already going down.
– Similar situation prevails in the area of maternal health services, where
pregnant women cannot get assistance delivering babies. In some places due
to ignorance, some of the pregnant mothers are visiting Ebola treatment center
with a view of receiving better services.
– Patients who need lifesaving emergency surgeries like appendectomy, C-
sections and others are at risk due to limitation of surgical capacity as well as
the risk of being turned away if they have signs of vomiting or fever.
14. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
14 |
Rationale for BCP…Cont
In absence of BCP may lead to:
– Disruption of essential services like immunization, maternal and child health care;
– Disruption of control of locally endemic diseases and other emergency care and
services.
Inability to provide these services not only impacts health of people but also
impact on overall development of the country,
– Can compromise achievements made for MDGs;
– Other goals of sustainable development and
– Put these countries at stake, where peace has established after decade long
conflict and this kind of situation may lead to newer form or revival of the conflict.
15. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
15 |
Plan and Planning
Plans alone are nothing; planning is everything.
Vital element is to involve stakeholders in the planning process and
identify their roles and responsibilities
16. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
16 |
Planning assumptions
EVD outbreak can overwhelm the health services
Health Care Workers’ Absenteeism due to one of the four causes
Saving life, reducing morbidity and mortality and decreasing impact on socio-economy are high
priorities.
Maintaining critical and essential services during EVD outbreak is a priority
Adequate training is delivered and is made aware of its existence and their and responsibilities
during outbreak.
During outbreak, health care workers are considered essential staff and can be mobilized to EVD
response and to other essential services.
Sharing the resources between departments, hospitals, and other partners are essential on the
success of responding the EVD outbreak.
17. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
17 |
Core Business Continuity Actions
Identify the critical functions
Identify the personnel, supplies and equipment vital to maintain
essential functions
Consider how to deal with the anticipated level of staff absenteeism
Provide clear command structures, delegations of authority and orders
of succession
Stockpile strategic reserves of supplies and equipment
Determine the ability of the organisation to continue operations if
critical infrastructure services and/or supplies become unavailable
18. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
18 |
Core Business Continuity Actions….Contd
Agree on a system of communication with staff, partners, HQs, suppliers and
customers
Identify units/departments that could be downsized or closed to reallocate
resources
Assign and train alternates for critical posts
Plan for security risks to operations and supply chains
Consider alternative methods of working, e.g. changes to shift patterns, working
from home
Consider the implications of travel restrictions and develop procedures to follow if
such restrictions are imposed
19. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
19 |
Core Business Continuity Actions CONTD
Train staff on infection control and communicate essential safety messages
Consider ways of reducing social mixing (e.g. working from home, reducing
meetings and travel) and test these in advance
Consider the need for family and childcare support for essential workers
Consider the need for psychosocial support services to help staff remain
effective
Consider and plan for the recovery phase
20. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
20 |
Business Continuity Planning
(Organizations, facilities, departments)
Step 2
Business Impact Analysis
(Identifying Essential
Services/Functions)
Step 1
Governance and Leadership
and establishment of BCP
Committee
Step 3
Identifying required skills sets and
staff allocation and reallocation.
Step 4
Step 5
Documentation for each
Essential Service/Function
Step 6
Compare to the
“preparedness checklist”
Maintain
essential services
Business
Continuity
Identifying relevant issues and/or
Implications for Implementation
Step 7
Review,Test the Plan and
Revise
21. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
21 |
Step 1: Governance and Leadership
Establishment of BCP Committee
Public Health Agency/institute’ senior management team is responsible
for overseeing BCP process.
– Having policy by determining how the agency/institute will manage and control
EVD outbreak and its risk
– Resourcing qualified personals and sufficient resources to apply BCP.
– Ensure the BCP is tested and reviewed; staff are trained and are aware of their
roles and responsibilities.
– Monitor and evaluate the application of BCP and make adjustment accordingly
22. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
22 |
Step 2: Business Impact Analysis
(Identifying Essential Services/Functions)
Business Impact Analysis: The process lead on identifying and
prioritization of essential functions.
Essential Services is defined as follows:
– A service and/or function that when not delivered creates an impact on the
health and safety of individuals.
– A service and/or function that may lead to the failure of a business unit if
activities are not performed in a specified time period.
23. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
23 |
Step 3: Identify Required Skill Sets and Staff Allocation
Identify the number of staff (by classification) required to maintain the
essential services/functions. Include essential services/functions
created or increased by the “surge activity”.
Mapping of Human Resource Capacity of the agency/institute.
Identify any special requirements necessary to perform the essential
services/functions.
24. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
24 |
Step 4: Identify any Relevant Issues and Implications
for Implementation
Recognizing vital issues and implications that may have consequences in any
essential service reduction, modification, and/or elimination is an important
procedure.
Each should be discussed and any relevant comments/solution should be
documented.
It is recommended that part of this process include documentation and a planned
response for each essential service/function.
– Activation of Plan
– Planning
– Policies and Procedures
– Surveillance and Attendance
– Delivery of Services
– Human Resources
– Communications
– Testing of Plan
25. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
25 |
Step 5: Documentation for Each Essential Service/Function
Identified essential services/functions
Identified any relevant issues/implications that may arise when the level
of service/function is modified and/or reduced
This part of the plan explains how each of the essential service/function
is maintained, reduced, modified and/or eliminated, who makes the
decision, what are the solutions are in place, any other necessary
actions to follow and any communication strategy.
26. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
26 |
Step 6: Compare to the “Preparedness Checklist”
Review the Emergency Preparedness of your agency/institute to
safeguard that all issues have been addressed such as the decision-
making process and authority for implementing service modification,
reduction and/or elimination.
To review, additional documentation may be necessary to ensure that
all critical elements have been addressed.
Compare the checklist with preparedness checklist of agency/institute;
27. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
27 |
Step 7: Review, Test the Plan and Revise
Circulate the plan for information and training purposes within the agency/institute
once the Business Continuity Plan is ready.
Conduct annual review, test the plan and revise the Business Continuity Plan as
necessary. .
Finally, conducting an emergency exercise to test the plan will help staff
understand the Business Continuity Plan, how and when it’s activated, who is
responsible for what, and how it fits with agency/institute strategy to deal with a
EVD outbreak.
Plans alone are nothing; planning is everything; however, if we
don’t use and test it then planning alone is nothing too.
28. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
28 |
Lack of Preparedness: Maternal Health Services
Pregnant
mother goes
to health care
facility for
delivery
Health Care
workers
absent and
some
mobilized to
ETC
Complication
of Pregnancy
and delivery
Increased in MMR
and IMR
29. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
29 |
Lack of Preparedness: Logistic or Energy Department
30. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
30 |
Operational Status
Human Resources - Operation and maintenance of
Wards/Departments. E.g ICUs
Full Operational
Capacity,
24 hours services
No. of available
qualified health care
workers: 11-13 people
(Full Human Resources
Reserve)
No. of available
qualified health care
workers:
< 8 people
Reduced
Operational
Capacity,
24 hours services no
longer possible
No. of available qualified
health care workers:
9-10 people
(Limited Human
Resources Reserve)
No. of available qualified
health care workers:
8 people
(Minimum Required
Human Resources – No
Reserve)
Health Care Workers:All types of workers from doctors, nurses,
technicians, cleaning team and other ICU operational staff.
31. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
31 |
Human resources: Qualified
Health Care workers
24 hours service capacity
13 – 10 Full capacity with sufficient reserve
10 - 9 Operation possible with limited reserve
8
(Minimum to run
24 - hour operation)
Critical – Unable to maintain operation if one more
staff is absent
< 8 Continuity of operation impacted
Operational Status Coding
32. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
32 |
Institutional body (Ministry / Specific Team or Committee)
to monitor operational status of all facilities
“Network Planning and Management
Facility A Facility B Facility C
33. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
33 |
Role of Ministry of Health
MoH should provide advice to businesses on business continuity
planning and maintaining essential services despite worker
absenteeism
MoH should work with the private sector to ensure business continuity
planning is coordinated and integrated
34. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
34 |
Business continuity plans
Be specific
Identify who is going to do what when and how
Identify what actions need to be undertaken in each phase of pandemic
List emergency contacts
Plan around 2 scenarios: rapid onset pandemic with wide impact and slow onset
pandemic with moderate localised impact
Discuss plans with staff, suppliers and banks
35. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
35 |
Test
Test contingency plans
Simulation exercises
Scenario planning
Tabletop exercises
Learn lessons from tests
Identify areas that need improvement
36. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
36 |
References and Acknowledgement
Nirmal Kandel. Presentation on Whole of Society Approach for Pandemic Preparedness in National
Training of Trainers on WHOLE-OF-SOCIETY APPROACH on Pandemic Preparedness, Dhulikhel, Nepal,
29-30th June 2010
WHO. Whole of Society of Pandemic Readiness. WHO Guidelines for pandemic preparedness and
response in the non health sector. Geneva, July 2009
UN. Socio economic impact of Pandemic Influenza. United National System for Influenza Coordination,
2009
World Bank. The Economic Impact of the 2014 Ebola Epidemic: Short and Medium Term Estimates for
West Africa. Accessed on 29th November 2014 (http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/publication/the-
economic-impact-of-the-2014-ebola-epidemic-short-and-medium-term-estimates-for-west-africa
World Health Organization: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report. Geneva: WHO 7 Nov 2014. 11 p
(Accessed on 11 Nov 2014 http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/situation-reports/en/?m=20141107)
37. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
37 |
References and Acknowledgement
Nirmal Kandel. Draft Business Continuity Planning Tool Kit for Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak. Unpublished.
2014
World Health Organization. Ebola and Marburg virus disease epidemics: preparedness, alert, control, and
evaluation. Interim version 1.2. Geneva: WHO/HSE/PED/CED/2014.05. 2014
Loose VW, Vargas VN, Warren DE, Starks SJ, Brown TJ, Smith BJ: Economic and Policy Implications of
Pandemic Influenza. USA: Sandia National Laboratories; Mar 2010. 28 p. Sandia Report SAND2010-1910.
ACAPS Briefing Note. Ebola Impact on Health. Geneva: ACAPS; 26 Sep 2014. 10 p. Accessed on 18 Nov
2014 http://acaps.org/img/documents/b-acaps_briefing_note_ebola_impact_health_26_sept_2014.pdf)
Hayden EC. Ebola obstructs malaria control. Nature; 2 October 2014. Vol 14; Pg 15
Images used in the presentations are downloaded from Google Image search option using best available
title for the image topic. Access in 29th November, 2014: https://www.google.com/imghp?gws_rd=ssl
(these images are used for orienting purpose only and not for commercial any use)
38. Dr Nirmal Kandel, MBBS, MA (Anthropology), MPH, EMBA – Public Health Specialist
38 |
Thank You