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- 1. BUILDING RESEARCH CONCEPTS © Copyright, 2020 SK Soam ICAR- National Academy of Agricultural Research Management Hyderabad- 500 030 soam@naarm.org.in
- 2. What do we discuss in this session? ■ ResearchTopic ■ Research Question ■ Research Hypotheses ■ Relevance of Research Objectives – Capabilities – Rationale – Justification
- 3. Problem to Developmental Research Project
- 4. How do we select a research topic? ■ Personal experience ■ Curiosity based on something in media ■ State of knowledge ■ Problem solving ■ Social premium ■ Personal values
- 5. What is the next important step? Improve your own Insight ■ Library visits or Databases- Web of Science? ■ Research papers or Patent documents- USPTO/Thomson Analyst ■ Peer group- How do you reach to them? ■ Talk to knowledgeable people-Who are these, How and Where available? ■ Use some resources for stakeholder interaction- who gives?
- 6. Research topic to Research Question ■ Relationship with topic? ■ Variables-nature of relationship? ■ Did you specify the universe? ■ Did you define unit of analysis? ■ Is it too broad or too narrow?- How can we double the income of farmers? ■ Are these questions more focused, concrete and disaggregate? ■ Your limitations? ■ How do we phrase?
- 7. Top 100 research questions for biodiversity conservation in Southeast Asia (A research Paper by authors from 39 organizations) BiologicalConservation Volume 234, June 2019, Pages 211-220 ■ Can payments for ecosystem services (e.g. carbon sequestration, green water credits, biodiversity enrichment) lead to adoption of recommended land-use and management practices by resource-poor farmers in developing countries? ■ What are the best options for agriculture increasing food production while simultaneously reducing its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions? ■ What is the relationship between productivity and biodiversity (and/or other ecosystem services) and how does this vary between agricultural systems and as a function of the spatial scale at which land is devoted mostly to food production? ■ What are the advantages and disadvantages of organic production systems in terms of biodiversity, ecosystem services, yield and human health, particularly in resource-poor developing countries?
- 8. ICAR Reg. Committee Meeting, Kolkatta [June 2014]. Some RQ documented by SK Soam ■ 1. How can we increase the productivity of Rice-Fallow production system [about 15 m ha land] through introduction of millets/ pulses/ fodder sorghum? ■ 4.Whether cultivation of hybrid rice is more profitable over traditional rice grown by the small and medium farmers in Telangana and AP? – Indicators- yield advantage, input use cost, input use efficiency, quality advantage, duration requirement, cropping systems requirement ■ 7. How can PPP initiatives include hybrid seed production as farmers’ led enterprise in seed production hub ofTelangana? – Indicators- seed producers, stakeholder requirements, seed demand-supply, seed deficit ■ 9. It is often perceived that innovative farmers are not able to expand their technologies among the fellow farmers in the similar niche, how can we improve the knowledge networks for multiplier effect of creativity of innovative farmers?
- 9. ICAR-SoC held on 5th August/Item no. 2020/8/3 Interaction with Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, he advised a Hackathon on ‘Empowering of women farmers through promotion of gender friendly farm equipment’ ■ Descriptive (1 variable-1universe-1 event)/ Survey/ Empathy ■ What kind of farm implements are used by the women labourers engaged in rice farming in Odisha? ■ Explanatory (comparative or relational with more than 1 variable and universe)/ Collaboration and networks/Visualization ■ Whether farm equipment needs of men and women labourers engaged in rice farming in Odisha are different? And are related with health issues ■ Exploratory (Unveil ‘Why’s/ Cause-effect relation)/ equipment/ idea/ prototyping ■ Why its important to design specific farm equipment for the women labourers engaged in rice farming in Odisha?
- 10. Steps: RQ to Research Hypotheses ■ What are detailed expectations ■ Precisely indicate what you foresee ■ Make it easy leap from a well formulated RQ to res project ■ Its opportunity to test tentative answers by formal methods ■ Hypo are tentative answers to RQ, which are embedded within good RQ, turn RQ into assertions (affirmations) – Variables – Universe – Unit of analysis – Indicators
- 11. Major Skeleton of ResearchObjectives ResearchTopic: Rice Farm Women Labourers & Agrl Implements Research question ■ What kind of farm implements are used by the women labourers engaged in rice farming in Odisha? ■ Whether farm equipment needs of men and women labourers engaged in rice farming in Odisha are different, and are related with health issues? ■ Why its important to design specific farm equipment for the women labourers engaged in rice farming in Odisha? Hypotheses ■ All age group women labourers engaged in rice farms at Odisha use hand-tools of cast iron for rice transplantation and harvesting ■ Use of battery operated transplanters by women and plastic pressure-push sprayers by men will reduce back pain and other drudgery related sickness among rice farming labourers of Odisha ■ Gender friendly farm implement design for labourers at rice farms in Odisha would reduce drudgery and save enough time for home production and social activities
- 12. Info-matrix
- 13. Rationale ■ Scientific logic ■ Offshoot of earlier research ■ Supplement to earlier research ■ Compliment to earlier research ■ Confirm earlier research results ■ Deny earlier research results ■ What new knowledge is added
- 14. Justification ■ Part-A: Strengths ■ Capability of the organization ■ Capability of the team ■ Collaboration and networks ■ Part-B: Amount of benefits gained ■ Socio-economic impact ■ Social-equity impact ■ CPR impact ■ Sustainability