This document discusses building reference architectures for the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). It begins by defining the IoT and IIoT. It then discusses the need for architectures to help companies innovate using digital technologies and make sense of recommendations. The document outlines the goals of reference architectures for specific industries, including helping suppliers and providing templates. It describes ongoing reference architecture projects in pharmaceuticals and energy. The research process for developing reference architectures is summarized, and elements of reference architectures are defined, including domains, enabling technologies, and industry interactions. Challenges in developing reference architectures are also noted.

1. Building Reference Architectures
for the Industrial IoT
Workshop on Smart Manufacturing in Aerospace and Automotive
Industries
Alina Chircu, Bentley University
Eldar Sultanow, Capgemini Germany
AIS Special Interest Group for Big Data Application in Processes (SIG
BD), AMCIS 2017, Boston, USA

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Agenda
 Objectives
 Summary
 Next Steps1

3. Industrial IOT
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The Internet of Things (IoT)
 Wireless interconnections among “things” w/ sensors (personal devices, appliances etc.)
equipped with data-gathering sensors
 Conservative prediction: 26 billion IoT devices worldwide by 2020 (Lee and Lee, 2015)
Industrial IoT
 Wireless interconnections among “things” w/ sensors (personal devices, appliances etc.)
equipped with data-gathering sensors
 Conservative prediction: 26 billion IoT devices worldwide by 2020 (Lee and Lee, 2015)

4. The need for IoT Architectures
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ACROSS DIFFERENT
INTERDEPENDENT INDUSTRIES
• Architectures = models
• Driving factors
• IoT technology proliferation (types, suppliers)
• Cross-functional, end-to-end internal
processes
• Interconnected, global external processes
(supply chains)
• Value chains and value ecosystems
• A need for architectures
• Helping companies innovate by developing
appropriate digital product platforms
• Making sense of recommendations to support
a company’s digital strategy
• Developing interconnected business platforms

5. Types of Architectures
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ACROSS DIFFERENT LEVELS
• Company level = enterprise architecture (EA)
• “business and operating model,
organizational structure, business
processes, data, applications and
technology” (Ahlemann et al., 2012)
• Industry level = reference architecture (RA)
• high-level, organizing view for an industry,
including its processes, stakeholders,
organizational, informational and
technology structure (Czarnecki and
Dietze, 2017)

6. Goals of RAs for Specific Industries
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Help new (IT) suppliers
to quickly get
knowledgeable on
industry specifics
Create transparency in
terms of which
technology is used for
what purpose
Provide templates for a
technology solution,
capturing both business-
facing and technology-
facing perspectives
Help companies & their
partners to build
interconnected digital
business platforms

7. Ongoing RA Projects
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 Internal Capgemini report
 Chircu, A. M., Sultanow, E., and Sözer, L. D. “A Reference Architecture for Digitalization in
the Pharmaceutical Industry,” Informatik 2017 & Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI),
Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn, 2017
Pharmaceuticals
 Energy generation, delivery & infrastructure, customer interaction, customer management,
market & pricing, risk management
 Sultanow et al. (in progress)
Energy

8. Research Process
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• Analysis of architectural frameworks
o Many frameworks, no general
preference or standard, most have
basic elements (business, processes,
data, sw, hw), sometimes companies
develop their own
• Practitioner feedback
o Standards-setting communities
• Iteration
• Analysis of existing technologies
and corresponding RAs
o Specific technologies, not
integrated for IoT
• Selection of architectural framework
o Open Group Architectural
Framework (TOGAF)
• Dissemination
o Articles, presentations
• RA development
o Industrial IoT-specific issues
o Industry-specific issues
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9. RA Elements
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Architectural domains (TOGAF)
• Business architecture: strategies, business capabilities, and
processes
• Data architecture: storage and access of data
• Application architecture: application design and interactions
• Technology architecture: hw & sw to support other 3 domains
Enabling technologies
• IoT: tags (RFD/datamatrix), sensors, wireless networks, etc.
• Other – big data, analytics, etc.
Technology interaction steps/stages
• Tag, Sense & Connect
• Ingest
• Analyze & Prepare
• Utilize
Interaction industries
• Value chains and ecosystems
RAELEMENTS

10. RA „Slices“
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11. RA Example – Pharma IoT „Slice“
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BusinessDataApplicationTechnology
Tag, Sense &
Connect Ingest
Analyse &
Prepare Utilize
Wireless
Network
IoT
AutoID Cloud
Drug Serialization Clinical Trials Cool Chain
Sensors
Tracking PlatformCooltrax Bosch Packaging
XQS TempSense ezTRACK Newsteo WebMonitor
Condition Monitoring / Cool Chain Monitoring
Therapy Management
Drug Order Automation
Track-&-Trace, Indoor Positioning
Mettler Toledo
Locational
Data
Indoor Locations Outdoor Locations
Sensor Data Temperatures Humidity Data
Maps Locational Rules Permissions
Epidemiological Research
Shock Sensor Data
Senion IPS
Locatible
Computational Genomics

12. Challenges
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• Complexity
• Technologies
• Industries
• Changing technology landscape
• Cooperation of industry
participants
• Process details
• Value chain cooperation
• Standards
• Industry consortia
• Standards-setting organizations

13. Contact information
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Prof. Alina
Chircu
achircu@bentley.edu
Bentley University
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contact
picture
Insert
contact
picture
Dr. Eldar
Sultanow
eldar.sultanow@capgemini.com
Capgemini Germany

14. About Capgemini
With more than 140,000 people in over 40 countries, Capgemini
is one of the world's foremost providers of consulting, technology
and outsourcing services. The Group reported 2013 global
revenues of EUR 10.1 billion.
Together with its clients, Capgemini creates and delivers
business and technology solutions that fit their needs and drive
the results they want. A deeply multicultural organization,
Capgemini has developed its own way of working, the
Collaborative Business ExperienceTM, and draws on Rightshore®,
its worldwide delivery model.
Rightshore® is a trademark belonging to Capgemini
The information contained in this presentation is proprietary.
Copyright © 2016 Capgemini. All rights reserved.
www.capgemini.com