Building Materials Full Slide

1. BUILDING MATERIAL & CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
CLASS-01

6. STONE
❑ Stones are naturally occurring compact, solid & massive material that
make the crust of the earth
❑Stones are technically rocks which are in use since time
immemorial(ancient).

7. Classification of rocks
1. Geological 2. Physical 3. Chemical
Geological classification : -
1. Igneous rock 2. Sedimentary rock 3.Metamorphic rock
❑Rocks formed by cooling & solidification of magma or lava.
❑These rocks are strong & durable
❑They have crystalline & compact grains
Igneous rock is of two types : -
a) Intrusive rock b) Extrusive rock
Ex- Hypo basal(Dolerite), Ex- Volcanic rock (basalt)
Plutonic rock( Granite)

8. MAGMA- inside earth’s surface
LAVA- Outside earth’s surface
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
When cooling & crystallization of magma occurs deep inside earth surface.
1. Plutonic Rocks
- When magma cools deep inside earth
- Ex- Granite
2. Hypobassel Rocks
- When magma cools at shallow depth
- Ex- Gabbro, diorite, pegmatite etc.

9. Extrusive Igneous Rocks
When cooling & crystallization of magma occurs on top of earth surface.
- Ex- Basalt, trap, Andesite, Dacite, Rhyolite etc.

10. Igneous Rocks

11. Sedimentary Rocks
These rocks are formed by weathering of pre-exiting rock by external
agencies such as wind, air, water etc.
1. Mechanical (Clastic) Sedimentary Rocks:
- These rocks are formed due to physical weathering by external agencies
such as running water, moving air etc.
- Ex- Sandstone, Shale, Gravel, Sand, Mud stone, Silt stone, Breccia,
Conglomerate
2. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks :
- These rocks are formed by chemical action of water, acids, alkalies etc.
- Ex- Gypsum, Clay, Limestone, Dolostone, Evaporites, dolomite etc.

12. Sedimentary Rocks
3. Biological (Organic) Sedimentary Rocks :
- These rocks are formed by remains of organisms such as sea animals
- Ex-Coal, Chert etc.

13. Sedimentary Rocks

14. Metamorphic Rocks
❑ These rocks are formed when pre-existing rocks have been changed in
texture and composition by increased temperature and pressure.
❑ Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
High Temperature & Pressure

15. Metamorphic Rocks
1. Foliated Rocks
❑ These rocks have bands or strips on there surface throughout there body
❑ Ex- Slate, Schist, Gneiss etc.
2. Non-foliated Rocks
❑ These rocks do not have bands or strips on their surface or body
❑ Ex- Quartzite , Marble etc.

16. STONE TYPE AFTER
METAMORPHISM
Granite IGNEOUS Gneiss
Basalt IGNEOUS Laterite
Limestone Sedimentary Marble
Sandstone Sedimentary Quartzite
Mud stone (Shales) Sedimentary Slate

17. Physical classification
1. Stratified rock – layered formation
- Ex: Limestone, sandstone, shale (sedimentary rocks)
2. Unstratified rock- Rocks not showing layered structure
- Ex: Granite, Trap (Igneous Rocks)
- Ex- Marble, Quartzite (Metamorphic rocks)

18. Chemical classification
1. Calcarious rock→ Calcium carbonate predominates;
- Ex- Limestone, marble
2. Argillacious rock→ clay & alumina are main components;
- Ex- slate, clay, laterite , mudstone, kaoline
3. Silicious rock→ Silica is main components
- Ex- sandstone, Quartzite, trap, Granite