This document discusses different types of brick and stone masonry. It describes various bonds used in brick masonry like stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, Flemish bond, and double Flemish bond. It also discusses different types of stone masonry like rubble masonry which can be further classified into uncoursed and coursed rubble. Ashlar masonry is also described which uses accurately dressed stone blocks. Various patterns used in ashlar masonry are mentioned as well.

1. Brick Masonry
• Technical terms –Dimension 190X90X90
• Stretcher- Long lateral face of brick shows L
• Header- Smaller lateral face showing width
• Arries – Edges
• Bed joint- Horiz layer of mortar
• Perpends- vertical joint separating bricks
• Lap- Horiz dist bet vertical joint in successive
courses.

2. • Closer- A piece of brick used to close the bond
at the end of brick courses.
• Queen closer- Brick cut along length in two
equal halves. Used to develop face lap.
• King closer- Half length and breadth cut with
corner. Used for door window openings.
• Bat- A piece of brick obtained by cutting
length. ½ and ¾ bats are common.

3. Stretcher Course

4. Stretcher Bond

5. Header Bond

6. English Bond
• Salient features
• Stretcher and Header courses are placed
alternately in the masonry wall.
• Queen closer is placed to quoin header in order
to develop face lap of L/4.
• Each header is centrally supported over Stretcher
below it.
• If thickness of wall is even multiple of half brick
then courses showing stretchers/headers in front
elevation show similar view in rear elevation.

7. • If thickness of wall is odd multiple of half brick
then courses showing stretchers show headers
in rear elevation and vice versa.
• If thickness of wall is more than 2 brick then
interior filling is done by headers only.

8. English Bond

11. Flemish Bond
• In every course Stretchers and Headers are
placed alternately.
• Queen closer is placed next to quoin header to
develop the face lap.
• Every header is centrally supported over a
stretcher below it.

12. Double Flemish Bond
• H and S are placed alternately in front and
back elevation.
• Half and ¾ bats are used in walls having
thickness equal to odd multiple of half bricks.
• No brickbats are used in walls having even
multiple of half brick.
• Facing and backing of wall in each course have
the same appearance.

13. Single Flemish Bond
• Elevation in front is of Flemish bond and it
shows English bond in rear elevation.
• Appearance of Flemish bond and strength of
English bond are combined.
• Min thickness of wall shall be 1.5 brick.

14. Flemish Bond

15. Flemish Bond

16. Stone Masonry
• Stone Masonry
•  The construction of stones bonded together
with mortar is termed as stone masonry where
the stones are available in a abundance in
nature.
• construction of various building components
such as walls, columns, footings, arches, lintels,
beams etc.

17. • the stone masonry can be
• classified broadly in the following two
categories
• 1. Rubble masonry
• 2. Ashlar masonry

18. • 1) Rubble masonry:
• In this category, the stones used are either
undressed or roughly dressed having wider
joints.
• (i) Uncoursed rubble masonry: This is the
• cheapest, roughest and poorest form of stone
• masonry. Uncoursed rubble
• masonry can be divided into the following.
• a) Uncoursed random rubble
• b) Uncoursed squared rubble

19. Uncoursed Rubble Masonry

20. Coursed Rubble Masonry
In this type of stone
• masonry the uniform height stones are used in
• horizontal layers not less than 13cm in height.
• Generally, the stone beds are hammered or
chisel dressed to a depth of at least 10cm from
the face.

21. Coursed Rubble Masonry

22. Polygonal rubble masonry
• Polygonal rubble masonry: In this type of
• masonry the stones are roughly dressed to an
• irregular polygonal shape. The stones should be
• so arranged as to avoid long vertical joints in
face
• work and to break joints as much as possible.
• Small stone chips should not be used to support
• the stones on the facing as shown in the figure

24. Ashlar Masonry
• Ashlar Masonry
•  This type of masonry is built from accurately
• dressed stones with uniform and fine joints of
• about 3mm thickness by arranging the stone
• blocks in various patterns.
•  The backing of Ashlar masonry walls may be
built of Ashlar masonry or rubble masonry. The
size of stones blocks should be in proportion to
wall thickness.

25. • The various types of masonry can be classified
• under the following categories are
• 1) Ashlar fine
• 2) Ashlar rough
• 3) Ashlar rock or quarry faced
• 4) Ashlar facing
• 5) Ashlar chamfered
• 6) Ashlar block in course

26. • Ashlar Fine • Ashlar Rough

27. • Ashlar Rock face

28. Supervision-Stone Masonry

29. Comparision of BW and SW