The document provides an overview of Pakistan's bond market, including:
1. Details on the total size and composition of Pakistan's local currency bond market compared to other Asian countries in 2015.
2. Descriptions of the various types of bonds issued by the Pakistani government and corporations, including their features, sizes, and current market situations.
3. An overview of the national savings certificates and corporate bonds available in Pakistan's bond market.
Identifying and Accessing the scenario to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events[ is the goal behind understanding Risk Management, Prof. Gangadharan Mani here teaches how to identify, Measure, and Mitigate the risks evolved in respective Business Environment.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Financial markets and their impact on economyShivkumar Menon
Financial Markets - This deck captures the movement of Money markets and Capital Markets, its impact on different stakeholders viz. Individuals, businesses, markets and the economy
Overview about The financial Crisis in 2008. The presentation with 4 main points: reasons, development (also including responses), and consequences.
We hope that this is an easy source of information for you to understand this crisis.
Bond Valuation, Bond Types, Bond Characteristics, Reasons for issuing Bonds, Bond Risks, Bond Measuring Yield, Bond Pricing Theorems, Factors that Influence Bond Prices, Primary Bond Market, Secondary Bond Market, Bonds in Nepal.
Identifying and Accessing the scenario to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events[ is the goal behind understanding Risk Management, Prof. Gangadharan Mani here teaches how to identify, Measure, and Mitigate the risks evolved in respective Business Environment.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Financial markets and their impact on economyShivkumar Menon
Financial Markets - This deck captures the movement of Money markets and Capital Markets, its impact on different stakeholders viz. Individuals, businesses, markets and the economy
Overview about The financial Crisis in 2008. The presentation with 4 main points: reasons, development (also including responses), and consequences.
We hope that this is an easy source of information for you to understand this crisis.
Bond Valuation, Bond Types, Bond Characteristics, Reasons for issuing Bonds, Bond Risks, Bond Measuring Yield, Bond Pricing Theorems, Factors that Influence Bond Prices, Primary Bond Market, Secondary Bond Market, Bonds in Nepal.
Pitch deck Core Capital Venture IndonesiaBoby Mihing
Core Capital Venture Indonesia is Startup company is a investment firm base on property.
We developing House of subsidy, and we give facility to pay a home loan installment to our costumer.
We have 3 kind of business to support our Real estate busines; Gas station, Venture Capital, And stock brokerage.
The core of business is on Real Estate.
We invite the investor to investing into our business.
terms and condition***
this information i m taken in to kyathi cheda and ashish sharma prepare slide. it is help for me i m easily prepare presentation on the debt market in India so thank you very much for this people and i m this slide sending this media because those presented on this topic all are use this information and keep well Ur present . once again thank u so much..... if there are any mistake kindly sorry this is my first time uploading in this media
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
3. Bond Market
Characteristics of Bonds
• Face value
• Coupon rate
• Maturity
Types Of Bonds
• Government Bond
• Municipal Bond
• Corporate Bond
4. Total Size of Local Currency Bond Market, 2015
Percent Share
Country Total Size
(Billion USD)
Government Corporate
China 85.09 19.1 80.9
Hong Kong 633.03 63.6 36.4
Korea 637.86 29.8 70.2
Malaysia 121.79 41.9 58.1
Singapore 83.43 56.2 43.8
Pakistan 6.528 82.87 17.13
5. Size of Local Currency Bond Market as a % of GDP,
2015
Country Government Corporate
China 22.16 12.96
Hong Kong 9.17 38.85
Korea 24.77 58.26
Malaysia 39.1 54.14
Singapore 40.18 31.29
Pakistan 4.4 0.90
6. Size of Local Currency Bond Market as Percentage of
GDP 2015
7. Current Market Situation
THE government raised Rs 225.233 billion from the
Treasury bill, missing its target of Rs 300 billion.
The government borrow Rs1.5 trillion in three
months (Sept-Nov) through the sale of Market
Treasury Bills
The government borrowed Rs67 billion through
Pakistan Investment Bonds
8. Continue…
Pakistan has issued a new 10-year bond of $500
million in the international Euro bond market.
Pakistan raised $1 billion from the international
Islamic bond market by selling its Sukuk papers.
9. Bonds in Pakistan
The Government
Market Treasury bill
Pakistan Investment Bonds
Federal Investment Bonds
US Special Dollar Bonds
Sukuk
10. Market Treasury Bills
Features
• Publish in 2003
• Outstanding amount is Rs
516.268 billion (USD 8.901bn)
• Denomination: issued in
multiples of PKR 50,000
• Tenors 3 ,6 and 12 months
• Coupon Payment: Fixed &
Semi annual
• Income Tax: Tax will be
deducted as per existing law
Benefits
• Guaranteed Repayment
• Higher Returns
• Accepted as collateral
• Liquidity
• Easy Process of Investment:
11. Pakistan Investment Bonds
Features
• Publish in 2003
• Amount was Rs. 228.665
billion USD 3.94 billions
• Denomination issued in
multiples of PKR 100,000
• Tenors: 3 ,5,10 and 20 months
• Interest rate 11.25%- 13.75
• Coupon Payment: Fixed &
Semi annual
Benefits
• Guaranteed Repayment:
Higher Returns:
• Accepted as collateral:
Liquidity
• Easy Process of Investment:
• Investment for medium term to
long term:
12. Federal Investment Bonds
Features
• Publish in 1994
• Amount Rs 292.69 billion 4.14
billions USD
• Tenor:3 , 5, 7 10, 15, 20 & 30
Years
• Interest rates was fixed as
13%, 14% and 15%
• Payments made semi-annually
• Income tax on interest amount
is deducted at 20%.
Benefits
• Nationalization
• Liquidity
• High Interest rate
• Long Term investment
13. US Special Dollar Bonds
Features
• Publish in 2000
• Denomination of US$ 100-
100,000
• Tenor: 5,7,10 years
• Payments are semiannually
• Interest rate 8.25%
• Bonds can be used as
collateral for obtaining loans
• Bonds shall not be cashable in
dollar before the date of
maturity
Benefits
• No maximum limit for the
purchase
• Exempt from Income Tax and
deduction of Zakat
• Exempt from Wealth Tax
14. Sukuk Bonds
Features
• Publish in 2014
• Outstanding amount 2.3$
billion
• Denomination in multiples of
PKR 100,000
• Maturity: 5 years
• Interest rate 6.75% floating
• Coupon payments are semi
annual
• Bonds can be used as
collateral
Benefits
• Islamic Mode of Investment
• Guaranteed Repayment
• Higher Profit
• Liquidity
15. National Saving Certificates
BAHBOOD SAVINGS CERTIFICATES
• Launched in 2003
• Maturity Date 10 years
• Denominations of Rs.5,000/-, Rs.10,000/-, Rs.50,000/-,
Rs.100,000/-, Rs.500,000 and 10,00000/-
• Profit paid monthly
• Interest rate 9.60%
DEFENCE SAVINGS CERTIFICATE
• Launched in 1966
• Maturity Date 10 years
• Profit paid yearly
• Interest rate 7.80%
16. Continue…
SPECIAL SAVINGS CERTIFICATES
• Launched in 1990
• Maturity Date 3 years
• Profit paid six monthly
• Interest rate 6.00%
REGULAR INCOME CERTIFICATES
• Launched in 1993
• Maturity Date 5 years
• Profit paid monthly
• Interest rate 6.632%
17. Continue…
PENSIONERS BENEFIT ACCOUNT
• Launched in 2003
• Maturity Date 10 years
• Profit paid monthly
• Interest rate 9.60%
National Saving Bonds
• Zero coupon Bonds
• No limit of investment
19. Commercial Papers
• Equity is not less than Rs 100 million,
• Minimum credit rating for short term CP should be A-
and for long tenor A
• Tenure 3, 6 and 9 months.
• Less liquidity
• Commercial paper is a low risk investment
• Traded at less than its par value
• Packages Ltd was the first company to raise working
capital through CP
20. Continue…
Wapda Bonds
• Publish in 1987-1988
• Publish six different bonds
• Outstanding amount 23.7 billion
• Maturity 3-7 years
• Interest rate 5%-10%
• Government guaranteed
• Highly demanded
21. Term Finance Certificate
PIA Bonds
• Issued in 2000 and 2003
• First time amount get 2.5 billion
• Second time amount get 15.4 billion
• Interest rate 14%- 16%
• Maturity Date 5 years
22. Continue…
Engro Rupiya Certificates
• Publish in 2011
• Fixed interest rate 14.5%
• Maturity date 3 years
• Rated “AA” which denotes very high credit
quality
23. Banks issues TFC
Sr.N
o
Issuer TFC
issue
Date of issue Tenor Coupon
1 First International
Investment Bank Ltd TFC-II
15 - 29 September,
2001 5 Years 15%
2 Standard Chartered
Bank Pakistan Ltd TFC-I
19-21 December,
2002 5-1/2 year 15.50%
3
Soneri Bank Limited TFC-I 04-05 May 05 8 years
6months kibor +
1.6%
4
Askari Bank Limited
TFC-
II 29-31 Oct 2005 8 years
6months kibor +
1.50%
5
Bank Alfalah Limited
TFC-
III 24-25 Nov 2005 8 years
06months kibor +
.15
24. Continue…
Sr.N
o
Issuer TFC
issue
Date of issue Tenor Coupon
6
Bank Al Habib Limited TFC-II 06-07 Feb 2007 8 Years
6 months KIBOR+
1.95% p.a.
7
Faysal Bank Limited TFC-I 10-12 Nov 2007 7 Years
6 months KIBOR+
1.40% p.a.
8
NIB Bank Limited TFC-I 04-05 Mar 2008 8 Years
6 months KIBOR+
1.15% p.a.
9
Allied Bank Limited TFC-II 27-28 August 2009 10 Years
6 months KIBOR+
1.3%
10
Askari Bank Limited TFC-III
17-18 November
2009 10 Years
6 Month KIBOR* +
2.95%
25. Companies issues TFC
Sr.N
o
Issuer TFC
issue
Date of issue Tenor Coupon
1 Sui Southern Gas
Company Limited TFC-I 17-19 Oct, 1995 5 Years 18.25%
2
Nishat Tek Limited TFC-I 15-16 Jan, 1996 3 Years 18.00%
3
ICI Pakistan Limited TFC-I 26,29,30 Sep, 1996 5 years 18.70%
4 Dewan Salman Fibre
Ltd TFC-I 24-26 May, 1999 5 years 19.00%
5
Atlas Lease Limited TFC-I Sep 26-27, 2000 5 years 15.00%
26. Continue…
Sr.N
o
Issuer TFC
issue
Date of issue Tenor Coupon
6 Shakarganj Sugar Mills
Ltd. TFC-I 09 - 10 Apr, 2001 4 years
(Min)15.00% (Max)
18.75%
7 Dewan Salman Fibre
Ltd TFC-II 21-22 June, 2001 4 Years 16.00%
8
Pakistan PTA Limited TFC-I 01-02 August, 2001 5 Years 16.00%
9 Sitara Chemical
Industries Ltd. TFC-I 19 - 20 June, 2002 5Years
Profit & Loss
sharing formula
10 Engro Chemical
Pakistan Ltd TFC-I 04-05 July, 2002 5Years 15%
27. Primary Dealers of Bonds
Habib Bank Limited.
National Bank of
Pakistan
Pak Oman Investment
Bank.
United Bank Limited
JS Bank limited
Royal Bank of Scotland
NIB Bank limited
Bank Al-Falah Limited
Meezan Bank limited
Standard Chartered Bank
Habib Metropolitan Bank
Citi Bank
The Bank of Khyber
MCB Bank Limited
Soneri Bank limited
Askari Bank limited
Burj Bank limited
Al-barka Bank limited