This document provides information about blood, including its composition, properties, and functions. It discusses the formation and components of blood, including plasma (55%), red blood cells (RBCs, 45%), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Plasma contains water, proteins, minerals, and other nutrients. RBCs contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen. WBCs help fight infection and produce antibodies. Platelets assist in blood clotting. Overall, blood transports substances throughout the body, regulates temperature and pH, and protects against pathogens.

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:-
 What is blood?
 Properties of blood
 Functions of blood
 Composition of blood
 Detailed study of blood cells

3. WHAT IS BLOOD?
 Blood is a colloidal fluid
 Blood is a connective tissue
 Blood transports- oxygen, nutrient, hormones,
heat, clotting factor & others.
 Formation of blood is k/a- HAEMOPOIESIS
 Study of blood is k/a- HAEMOTOLOGY
 Scientific study of serum is k/a- SEROLOGY
 Study of circulation is k/a- ANGIOLOGY

4. PROPERTIES OF BLOOD-
 Volume = 5 to 6 Ltrs.
 PH = 7.4
 Colour = Red(due to Hb)
 Viscosity = More viscous than water(2-3 times)
 Constitute = 7% of body wt.
 Specific gravity = 1.04 to 1.07
 Temp. = 37°C

5. FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD:-
 Transportations of – oxygen, nutrients, hormones,
waste substance, clotting factor & etc.
 Regulate body temp.
 Protect against infection.
 Regulation of PH.
 Clot formation.

6. BLOOD COMPOSITON-

7. BLOOD PARTS
PLASMA
55%
WATER
(90-92%)
PLASMA
PROTEINS
(6-8%)
CORPUSCLES
45%
RBC
(99%)
PLATELETS
WBC
(1%)

8. PLASMA (55%)-
 Plasma is straw colored and viscous fluid
 Water (90-92%)
 Plasma contains plasma protein(6-8%):-
albumin(osmotic balance)
globulin(defence mechanism)
fibrinogen(blood clotting)
 Serum = Plasma - clotting factor
 Plasma also contains- minerals, glucose, amino acids,
lipids, waste material & etc.

9. RBC (ERYTHROCYTES)-
 Formation of RBC occurs in red bone marrow
 Formation of RBC is k/a- ERYTHROPOIESIS
 Shape = Circular biconcave
 Size = About 7µm in diameter
 Colour = Red due to haemoglobin
 Nucleus = Non-nucleated
 Life span = 120 days

10.  Count = In male (4.5 to 6.5 million/mm³)
In female (3.8 to 5.8 million/mm³)
 Decrease in no. of RBC is k/a-
ERYTHROCYTOPENIA
 Increase in no. of RBC is k/a- POLYCYTHEMIA
 HAEMOGLOBIN (Hb)-
Normal value- In male 13.5 to 17.5 gm/dl
In female 12 to 16 gm/dl
Breakdown of RBC is known as- HAEMOLYSIS

11. LEUKOCYTES
(WBC)
AGRANULOCYTES
MONOCYTES
(2-10%)
LYMPHOCYTE
(20-50%)
GRANULOCYTES
BASOPHIL
(<1%)
EOSINOPHIL
(1-6%)
NEUTROPHIL
(40-75%)

12. WBC (LEUCOCYTES)-
 Formation of WBC is k/a- LEUCOPOIESIS
 Shape = Amoeboid or irregular
 Size = About 12 to 15µm in diameter
 Colour = Colourless
 Nucleus = Nucleated
 Life span = About 2 weeks
 Count = 4000 to 11000 cells/mm³

13.  WBC formed in bone marrow, spleen, liver
 Increase in no. of WBC k/a- LEUCOCYTOSIS
 Decrease in no. of WBC k/a-LEUCOCYTOPENIA
 Pathological increase in no. of WBC is k/a-
LEUKEMIA (Blood cancer)
 FUNCTIONS OF WBC-
# Phagocytosis
# Formation of antibody
# Protect against Infection

14. PLATELETS
(THROMBOCYTES)-
 Formation of platelets is k/a- THROMBOPOEISIS
 Shape = Small disc
 Size = About 2 to 4µm in diameter
 Nucleus = Absent
 Life span = About 8 to 11 days
 Count = 1.5 to 4.5 lakh cells/mm³

15.  Increase in no. of platelets is k/a-
THROMBOCYTOSIS
 Decrease in no. of platelets is k/a-
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
 FUNCTIONS OF PLATELETS-
# Helps in blood coagulation
# Aid in body’s defence mechanism