Tesco is one of the largest food retailers in the world, operating in 12 countries with over 530,000 employees. The document discusses Tesco's external environment, including political, economic, social and technological factors that influence it. It also analyzes Tesco's industry using Porter's Five Forces model. The largest industry in the UK is food and drink retail, providing employment for over 4 million people. Tesco has grown significantly since being founded in 1919 and continues to expand its product offerings and services.
Tesco is the biggest retailer in UK now. Having operations in 14 countries with 2,291 stores spread globally, Tesco employs 296,000 people. Now their focus is on “Creating value for customers, to earn their lifetime loyalty” and strives to “be energetic, be innovative and be the first for the customer”. So the 21st customer has taken a great leap over “pile high, sell it cheap “strategy and demanding nature of the customer has forced Tesco to continuously improve
question 1- csr of AirAsia
question 2- How does the external environment which consists of economic environment, technological environment, socio-cultural environment, domestic business environment, global business environment and political-legal environment affect the success and failure of today’s businesses? Provide suitable examples and detailed explanation.
question 3- In recent years, many countries that previously used planned economies have moved to market economies. Why do you think this has occurred?
question 4-Describe FOUR most common ethical challenges that business people face in conducting their business. Support your answers with suitable examples.
Read this Sample Assignment on Business Strategy of an Organization written by an expert writer of Instant Assignment Help. We offer assignment samples on various subjects to the students without charging any cost. Our sample helps the scholars in improving their assignment writing skills. If you are facing any assignment related problem then contact us for the best assignment help and score top grades. We are the leading assignment writing service provider which caters the academic requirements of the students. Place your order now and avail our exciting offers and discounts.
Tesco is the biggest retailer in UK now. Having operations in 14 countries with 2,291 stores spread globally, Tesco employs 296,000 people. Now their focus is on “Creating value for customers, to earn their lifetime loyalty” and strives to “be energetic, be innovative and be the first for the customer”. So the 21st customer has taken a great leap over “pile high, sell it cheap “strategy and demanding nature of the customer has forced Tesco to continuously improve
question 1- csr of AirAsia
question 2- How does the external environment which consists of economic environment, technological environment, socio-cultural environment, domestic business environment, global business environment and political-legal environment affect the success and failure of today’s businesses? Provide suitable examples and detailed explanation.
question 3- In recent years, many countries that previously used planned economies have moved to market economies. Why do you think this has occurred?
question 4-Describe FOUR most common ethical challenges that business people face in conducting their business. Support your answers with suitable examples.
Read this Sample Assignment on Business Strategy of an Organization written by an expert writer of Instant Assignment Help. We offer assignment samples on various subjects to the students without charging any cost. Our sample helps the scholars in improving their assignment writing skills. If you are facing any assignment related problem then contact us for the best assignment help and score top grades. We are the leading assignment writing service provider which caters the academic requirements of the students. Place your order now and avail our exciting offers and discounts.
Gap analysis of Mc donalds with respect to fast food industryShashi Kumar
Gap analysis of Mc donalds with respect to fast food industry.
Gap analysis helps to identify the gap between the customers expectation and managment perception.
it help company under stand gaps internal and external
The report identifies the current HR practices at John Keells in terms of recruitment and selection. More effective methods such as using mass media to advertise on available opportunities, a more suitable role specification document have been proposed to carry out the recruitment and selection processes smoothly. The training and development requirements at the organisation are identified next. Training programs and learning activities that are required to up build the career progression of the employees are recommended after a critical evaluation.
Staff motivation is an important component in the HR process. Hence the classical motivation theories are evaluated to reach a hybrid model which is more applicable to the culture at John Keells. The effective leadership skills that would generate staff motivation are highlighted in detail.
As the final section the possible change management challenges that would arise with the recommendations made for the HR practices at John Keells are identified with the methods to overcome them and carryout a successful change management process to restructure the HR practices at John Keells Group.
Decisions of Operations Management
Goods and Service Design
Process and Capacity Design
Location Decisions
Layout Planning
Job Designing & Human Resource
Supply Chain Management
Material Requirement Planning And Inventory Control
Production Scheduling
Managing Quality
Maintenance Management
Gap analysis of Mc donalds with respect to fast food industryShashi Kumar
Gap analysis of Mc donalds with respect to fast food industry.
Gap analysis helps to identify the gap between the customers expectation and managment perception.
it help company under stand gaps internal and external
The report identifies the current HR practices at John Keells in terms of recruitment and selection. More effective methods such as using mass media to advertise on available opportunities, a more suitable role specification document have been proposed to carry out the recruitment and selection processes smoothly. The training and development requirements at the organisation are identified next. Training programs and learning activities that are required to up build the career progression of the employees are recommended after a critical evaluation.
Staff motivation is an important component in the HR process. Hence the classical motivation theories are evaluated to reach a hybrid model which is more applicable to the culture at John Keells. The effective leadership skills that would generate staff motivation are highlighted in detail.
As the final section the possible change management challenges that would arise with the recommendations made for the HR practices at John Keells are identified with the methods to overcome them and carryout a successful change management process to restructure the HR practices at John Keells Group.
Decisions of Operations Management
Goods and Service Design
Process and Capacity Design
Location Decisions
Layout Planning
Job Designing & Human Resource
Supply Chain Management
Material Requirement Planning And Inventory Control
Production Scheduling
Managing Quality
Maintenance Management
This research paper presents an analysis of UK's supermarket industry using the STEEPLE model. The paper offers good insight on how to apply the STEEPLE model in analyzing the external business environment
External factors affecting the operation of businessesSonny
External factors that can impact a business.
Businesses can’t control external factors but must respond to them.
These political, economic, social, technological and environmental factors are represented by the acronym PESTE (Graham, 2007)
International MarketingRomeo JosonModule 3 A2.docxmariuse18nolet
International Marketing
Romeo Joson:
Module 3 A2
Introduction
Every market treats products differently when they are being introduced. Market penetration is thus an important factor that a firm has to consider when globalizing. This paper has specific focus on Tesco and its venture into the American market. Tesco is a United Kingdom firm that was initiated in 1919. The company has since growth to have over 2500 stores across the world. The largest share of Tesco’s market is in Europe and Asia.
The company has grown in revenue as well as in market capitalization. As a retail for households, Tesco is the third largest company in the world. In market capitalization, the company is second in its category. The company is listed in the London Stock exchange and part of FTSE 100 Index. Measured among all categories, Tesco is ranked 28th in market capitalization among the London Stock Exchange listed companies. This is a good ranking considering the expanse of the United Kingdom market and the competition globally, the ranking is a prove on the success of the management at Tesco.
Preliminary International Marketing Report You will be creating an international marketing report for an international brand/product. You will serve as a consultant to an international company breaking into the US market. Research and analyse at least two (2) current articles on an international brands’ effort to penetrate the U.S. market.
Case summary
Tesco declared its intentions to enter the American market in 2006 and started its first stores in 2007. Between 2008 and 2012, the company opened 200 chain stores in three western states. In 2014, the company sold the outlets in America to Ronald Burble’s Yucaipa Companies. The cost of disposing the branches was 1.2 billion dollars. However, the company retained the pen name fresh and Esay that was used in America for other products in UK.
Identify the relevant and applicable concepts and theories presented in the articles, compare, and contrast these concepts and theories to those from the text and other sources into your analysis.
Ryu, J. S., & Simpson, J. J. (2011). Retail internationalization: Lessons from" Big Three" global retailers' failure cases. Journal of Business & Retail Management Research, 6(1).
The above article identifies the challenges that have led to failure of some multinational companies’ failure in certain international markets. The article uses the case study of Wal-Mart, Carrefour, and Tesco to analyse the organizational needs, penetration methods and the importance of market perception in ensuring that a company’s brand is established in a new market. The authors identify three main causes of globalization failure in some countries by the case study organizations;
(1) Adapting to host culture and market;
(2) Attaining competitive advantages in the new market; and
(3) Achieving global mind set and strategy
While each of the three identified areas is important, the main ch.
The global mushroom packaging market was born out innovation from an innovative company named ‘Ecovative Design’. Today, mushroom materials are widely gaining increased attention due to their biodegradable and renewable nature. The mushroom materials are usually growth from fungal mycelium. Additionally, due to their status as low-value non-food agricultural materials, the costs of these materials remains extremely low.
ASSIGNMENT: Business Law (example of answer)Rofidah Azman
I got quite good mark for this assignment. I'd like to share with other fellow students the example of answers for the questions. There are of course rooms for improvement. Good luck!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. 1.0 BACKGROUND
The largest industry in the UK is food and drink retail sector, which provide employment for more than 4 million people in primary production, retailing and manufacturing. In recent years UK supermarkets have come under increased surveillance over their treatment of suppliers, especially of any own-label products, still the development of strategic supply networks has been a necessary part of most supermarket strategies for the past decade.
This report provides a vision into the supermarket company, Tesco, with prominence on its external environment analysis and company’s analysis of resources, culture and ability.
Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen from a market stall in London’s East End. The business has grown over the years as one of the largest food retailers in the world and now operating in 12 countries worldwide, employing over 530,000 people and serve tens of millions of customers every week. It provides online services through its subsidiary, Tesco.com. It operates under four flags of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. The company sells almost 70,000 products including its own-label products (about 50% of sales) which are at three levels, value, normal and finest. Tesco also has
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2. becoming one of Britain’s largest independent petrol retailers. Another retailing services offered include Tesco Personal Finance.
Tesco Bank, established in 1997, wholly owned by Tesco PLC since 2008, has over 6.5 million customer accounts and policies. It employs over 3,000 staff based in Glasgow, Newcastle and Edinburgh.
The bank aims to be the financial services provider of choice for Tesco customers by offering them great service and good value while rewarding their loyalty for shopping at Tesco. It offers a popular range of simple personal banking products such as mortgages, credit cards, personal loans and savings. The Clubcard Credit Card rewards customers with Clubcard points on all usage of the card, while customers receive Clubcard points as a ‘thank you’ on mortgage repayments.
Tesco rank in the worldwide to five retailers list
Worldwide Top 3 Retailers
Sales Rank
Company
Country of Origin
Group Revenue in 2012 (US M$)
1
Walmart
US
469,162
2
Tesco
UK
101,269
3
Costco
US
99,137
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3. 2.0 COMPONENTS OF THE GENERAL ENVIRONMENT
2.1 Political Factors
Political has a strong impact on the business control and the consumer capability of expenditures. Its factors include government regulations and legal issues that define both formal and informal rules under which the company should operate. Some examples include:
tax policy
environmental regulation
laws of employment
political stability
trade tariffs and restrictions
influence of government policies
2.2
Economic Factors
Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the company’s cost of capital. Market analytics should examine the short and long term state of the business. This is important while forecasting international markets. Examples of factors in the macroeconomy are:
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4.
Inflation state
Interest rate
Per capita income
Exchange rate
Gross Domestic Product
Production level
2.3
Social Factors
Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macroenvironment. These affect customers needs and the size of potential market. These also influence the business at various levels, and need to be carefully examined. Some of the factors are:
Emphasis on safety
Career attitudes
Population growth rate
Age distribution
Health consciousness
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5.
Religion
Attitude/acceptance towards foreign goods and services
Influence of language
Lifestyle, fashion trends, education, earning capacity
2.4
Technology Factors
Technology factors can lower obstructions to entry, reduce minimum efficient production levels and influence outsourcing decisions. It is commonly identified as an essential element of the organization since it is a useful tool for the attainment of market advantage. Technology can be utilised, and this is affected by government support. Technological improvement can produce new industries, and provides valuable input to manufacturing and service industries. Some technological factors include:
Technological change rate
Automation
R&D activity
Technology incentives
Modern communication channels
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6. 3.0 IMPACT OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON TESCO 3.1 Political Factors Operating in a globalized environment with stores in 12 countries (Tesco now operates in seven countries in Europe – UK, Hungary, Ireland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland and Turkey. It also operates in Asia - South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, India and China), Tesco’s performance is highly influenced by the political and legislative conditions of these countries.
For employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, locally-based jobs, and lower-paid to highly-skilled, centrally-located jobs and higher-paid. This is also to meet the demand from population categories such as students, working adults and senior citizens. Tesco understands that retailing has a strong impact on jobs and people factors being an inherently local and labour-intensive sector. New store developments are often seen as ruining other jobs in the retail sector as traditional stores run out of business or are forced to reduce costs to compete. Tesco employs large numbers of student, elderly and disabled workers, often paying them lower rates. In an industry with a usually high staff turnover, these category of workers, however, offer a higher level of loyalty and therefore represent desirable employees.
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7. 3.2 Economical Factors Economic factors are important to Tesco. They are likely to influence demand, profits, costs and prices. One of the most powerful factors on the economy is high unemployment levels, which decreases the demand for many goods, negatively affecting the demand required to produce such goods.
These economic factors are largely outside the control of the company, but their influences on performance and the marketing mix can be weighty. Even though international business is growing, and is expected to contribute bigger amounts to Tesco’s profits over the coming years, the company is still very much dependent on the UK market. Therefore, Tesco would be badly affected by any slowdown in the UK food market and are exposed to market concentration risks.
3.3 Social Factors Current trends show that customers have moved towards ‘one-stop’ and ‘bulk’ shopping due to a variety of social changes. Therefore, Tesco have increased the amount of non- food items available for sale.
Statistical changes such as the maturing population, an increase in female workers and a decline in home meal preparation mean that retailers are also concentrating on added- value products and services. Additionally, the focus is now towards; the own-label share of the business mix, the supply chain and other operational enhancement, which can drive costs out of the business.
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8. The type of goods and services demanded by consumers is an indication of their social conditioning and their consequent attitudes and beliefs. Consumers are becoming more aware of health issues. Their views and attitudes towards food are regularly changing.
3.4 Technological Factors Technology is the main macro-environmental variable which has affected the development of many of the Tesco products. The new technologies benefit both company and the customers. Customer satisfaction increases because goods are readily available, services become more personalised and shopping more convenient. Tesco stores use the following technologies:
Wireless devices
Intelligent scale
Electronic shelf labelling
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).
The choosing of Electronic Point of Sale (EPoS), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have indeed improved the efficiency of stocking and distribution activities.
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9. 4.0 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES 4.1 New Market Entrants The UK grocery market is mainly dominated by few competitors. This includes four major brands of Tesco, Asda, Safeway and Sainsbury’s that possess a market share of 70% and small chains of Budgens, Somerfield and Waitrose with a further 10%. Over the years, the grocery market has been changed into the supermarket-dominated business. Majority of large chains have developed their power due to operating effectiveness, one- stop shopping and main marketing-mix expenditure. This strong force had a powerful impact on the small traditional shops, such as hardware stores, clothing shops, bakers, butchers and etc. Therefore, nowadays it requires a strong barrier for new companies who want to enter the grocery market. It becomes rather difficult for new entrants to raise enough capital because of large fixed costs and highly developed supply chains. This is also evident in large investments done by large chains, such as Tesco, excellent technology for checkouts and stock control systems that impact new entrants and the existing ones.
4.2 Suppliers Power Suppliers power can be influenced by major grocery chains and that fear of losing their business to the larger supermarkets. Therefore, this combines further leading positions of stores like Tesco and Asda in negotiating better promotional prices from suppliers that small individual chains are unable to match. At the same time, UK based suppliers are also threatened by the increasing ability of large retailers to source their products supply from abroad at better deals. The relationship with sellers can be similar effects in forcing the strategic freedom of the company and in influencing its margins. The forces of
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10. competitive competition have reduced the profit margins for supermarket chains and suppliers.
4.3 Buyers Power Porter theorized that the more products that become standardized or undifferentiated, the lower the switching cost. Therefore, more power is offered to buyers. The famous Tesco’s loyalty card – Clubcard remains the most successful customer retention strategy that significantly increases the profitability of Tesco’s business. In satisfying customers need, customizing services, ensure low prices, better choices of goods, regular in-store promotions, enable brand like Tesco to control and retain their customer base. A crucial change in food retailing has occurred recently due to a large demand of consumers doing the most of their shopping in supermarkets that shows a significant need for supermarkets to sell non-food items. This provided supermarkets with a new strategic expansion into new markets of banking, clothing, pharmacies, etc. Consumers also have become more aware of the current issues around the world and the influence of western consumers on the expectations and aspirations of Third World producers.
5.0 Conclusion
REFERENCES Balchin A. (1994) Part-time workers in the multiple retail sector: small change from employment protection legislation?, Employee Relations, Vol. 16 Issue 7, pp.43-57;
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11. Clarke I., Bennison D. and Guy C. (1994) The Dynamics of UK Grocery Retailing at the Local Scale, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 22 Issue 6, pp.11-20;
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Drejer A. (2000) Organisational learning and competence development, The Learning Organization: An International Journal, Vol. 7 Issue 4, pp.206-220;
Finch P. (2004) Supply chain risk management, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 9 Issue 2, pp.183-196;
Flavián C., Haberberg A. and Polo Y. (2002) Food retailing strategies in the European Union. A comparative analysis in the UK and Spain, Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, Vol. 9 Issue 3, pp.125-138;
Graiser A. and Scott T. (2004) Understanding the Dynamics of the Supermarket Sector, The Secured Lender, Vol. 60 Issue 6, November/December, pp.10-14;
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12. Johnson G. and Scholes K. (2003) Exploring Corporate Strategy, 6th ed., Prentice Hill: London;
Lindgreen A. and Hingley M. (2003) The impact of food safety and animal welfare policies on supply chain management: The case of the Tesco meat supply chain, British Food Journal, Vol. 105 Issue 6, pp.328-349;
MarketWatch (2004) Company Spotlight: Tesco, Datamonitor, September;
Mintel Report (2004) Food Retailing –UK, Retail Intelligence, Nobember;
Myers H. (2004) Trends in the food retail sector across Europe, European Retail Digest, Spring, Issue 41, pp.1-3;
Palmer M. (2004) International retail restructuring and divestment: the experience of Tesco, Journal of Marketing Management, November, Vol. 20 Issue 9/10, pp.1075-1101;
Porter M. (1980) How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, The McKinsey Quartely, Spring 1980, pp.34-50;
Ritz (2005) Store wars, Business Review, Vol. 11, April, pp.22-23;
Veliyath R. and Fitzgerald E. (2000) Firm Capabilities, Business Strategies, Customer Preferences, and Hypercompetitive Arenas: The Sustainability of Competitive Advantages with Implications for Firm Competitiveness, Competitiveness Review, Vol. 10 Issue 1, pp.56-82;
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13. BILIOGRAPHY Acur N. and Bititci U. (2004) A balanced approach to strategy process, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 24 issue 4, pp.388-408;
Anon (2004) Case study IV: Tesco implements the business engine network to gain full control of its IT project portfolio, Journal of Database Marketing & Customer StrategyManagement, Vol. 12 Issue 1, pp.66-73;
Balchin A. (1994) Part-time workers in the multiple retail sector: small change from employment protection legislation?, Employee Relations, Vol. 16 Issue 7, pp.43-57;
Clarke I., Bennison D. and Guy C. (1994) The Dynamics of UK Grocery Retailing at the Local Scale, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 22 Issue 6, pp.11-20;
Datamonitor Report (2003) Food retail industry profile: United Kingdom, January;
Datamonitor Report (2003) SWOT Analysis Tesco PLC, July;
Datamonitor Report (2003) Company Profile: Tesco PLC Analysis, October;
Datamonitor Report (2004) Company Profile: Tesco PLC Analysis, November;
De Toni A. and Tonchia S. (2003) Strategic planning and firms’ competencies: Traditional approaches and new perspectives, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 23 Issue 9, pp.947-976;
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14. Dennis C., enech T. and Merrilees B. (2005) Sale the 7 Cs: teaching/training aid for the (e-)retail mix, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 33 Issue 3, pp.179-193;
Desjardins D. (2005) Tesco strategies turn up competitive heat in UK, DSN Retailing Today, 2/28/2005, Vol. 44 Issue 4, pp.4-6;
Drejer A. (2000) Organisational learning and competence development, The Learning Organization: An International Journal, Vol. 7 Issue 4, pp.206-220;
Finch P. (2004) Supply chain risk management, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 9 Issue 2, pp.183-196;
Flavián C., Haberberg A. and Polo Y. (2002) Food retailing strategies in the European Union. A comparative analysis in the UK and Spain, Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, Vol. 9 Issue 3, pp.125-138;
Graiser A. and Scott T. (2004) Understanding the Dynamics of the Supermarket Sector, The Secured Lender, Vol. 60 Issue 6, November/December, pp.10-14;
Guy C. (1996) Grocery store saturation in the UK – the continuing debate, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 24 Issue 6, pp.3-10;
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Hogarth-Scott S. and Rice S. (1994) The New Food Discounters: Are They a Threat to the Major Multiples?, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 22 Issue 1, pp.20-28;
Johnson G. and Scholes K. (2002) Exploring Corporate Strategy, 6th ed., Prentice Hill: London;
Joost W. (2005) Supply Chain Integration in the Food Industry, Executive Outlook, March 1, pp.20-27;
Leathy T. (2004) Tesco and what customers really want, Brand Strategy, Issue 185, p.15;
Lindgreen A. and Hingley M. (2003) The impact of food safety and animal welfare policies on supply chain management: The case of the Tesco meat supply chain, British Food Journal, Vol. 105 Issue 6, pp.328-349;
MarketWatch (2004) Company Spotlight: Tesco, Datamonitor, September;
Martinell E. and Sparks L. (2003) Food retailers and financial services in the UK: a co- opetitive perspective, British Food Journal, Vol. 105 Issue 9, pp.577-590;
Mintel Report (2004) Food Retailing –UK, Retail Intelligence, Nobember;
Myers H. (2004) Trends in the food retail sector across Europe, European Retail Digest, Spring, Issue 41, pp.1-3;
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16. Ogbonna E. and Whipp R. (1999) Strategy, culture and HRM: evidence from the UK food retailing sector, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 9 Issue 4, pp.75-80;
Okumus F. (2003) A framework to implement strategies in organizations, Journal of Management Decision, Vol. 41 Issue 9, pp.871-882;
Palmer M. (2004) International retail restructuring and divestment: the experience of Tesco, Journal of Marketing Management, November, Vol. 20 Issue 9/10, pp.1075-1101;
Palmer M. (2005) Retail multinational learning: a case study of Tesco, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 33 Issue 1, pp.23-48;
Porter M. (1980) How competitive forces shape strategy, The McKinsey Quartely, Spring 1980, pp.34-50;
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