The document provides an overview of Blu-ray technology, detailing its history, structure, formats, specifications, advantages, and applications. Developed by a consortium of tech companies, Blu-ray is an optical disc format that supports high-definition video storage and playback, with capacities ranging from 25 GB to 100 GB. It offers significant improvements over DVDs, including better data protection and broader compatibility with modern devices.

1. Government Polytechnic, Ahmedabad Bhuvan Gandhi
Chirag Goswami

2. Content List
• Introduction
• History
• Structure
• Formats
• Specifications
• Characteristics
• Comparison
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Applications
• Reference

3. Introduction
• Blu-ray is an optical disc format designed to display high definition video
and store large amounts of data.
• This name comes from the fact that a blue laser reads from and writes to
the disc rather than the red laser of DVD players.
• "Blu" is intentionally spelled without an "e" to allow for a distinctive
registration of the trademark name.
• Blu-ray is the successor to DVD.
• It is De – Facto standard to store High Definition Videos in 720p (HD) or
1080p (Full HD) or 2160p (4K).
• This blue laser’s beam has 405 nm wavelength that can focus more tightly
than red laser beam. So, we can store much more data in the same 12 cm
space as DVD.
• It can play videos at 60 frames per second (fps).

4. History
• The blue laser developed by Shuji Nakamura in Japan at Nichia Corp.
• “Blu-ray Disc Founder Group” was started on February, 2002 by nine
leading tech companies: Sony, Panasonic, Philips, Pioneer, Thomson, LG,
Hitachi, Sharp & Samsung.
• In order to participate more companies in this technology, the name
changed to “Blu-ray Disc Association” in 2005.
• Blu-ray Recorder first launched in Japan in 2003. But it arrived globally in
2006.
• Then different studios and companies like Disney, 20th Century Fox,
Warner Bros, Oracle, Nvidia, Apple etc. joined this association.
• Nowadays, there are more than 150 companies became member in Blu-
ray Disc Association.

5. Structure
• The diameter of disc is 120 mm.
• Blu-ray disc store digitally encoded data in lands and pits.
• It contains several layers like polycarbonate, reflective, hard
coat, recordable, protective etc.
• The data writes from polycarbonate layer side.
• Data write operation performs when laser beam pointed on
recordable layer and that beam reflects to next position with
the help of reflective layer.
• Hard coat label protects disc from fingerprints and scratches.
• Polycarbonate layer helps to remain disc in flat shape.

7. Formats
• BD – R: Blu-ray Disc Recordable. It is a high capacity optical disc format
that can be written only once with audio and video data.
• BD – ROM: Blu-ray Disc Read Only Memory. It is a high definition optical
disc storage format of the Blu-ray family that consists of pre-recorded
data. BD-ROM can only read audio and video information. It is the BD
variation specifically designed for high definition movie and game content,
with multi channel audio etc.
• BD – RE: Blu-ray Disc Rewritable. It is a high capacity, high definition
optical storage disc format that can withstand multiple erasing and re-
recording.
• BD – XL: It can store high definition video with great sound quality up to
100 GB.
• Printable BD: It allows user to write or rewrite disc with personalized
content.
• BD – 3D: It allows to store videos in 3D format. Which gives illusion of
tactile depth perception.
Formats
• BD – R: Blu-ray Disc Recordable. It is a high capacity optical disc format
that can be written only once with audio and video data.
• BD – ROM: Blu-ray Disc Read Only Memory. It is a high definition optical
disc storage format of the Blu-ray family that consists of pre-recorded
data. BD-ROM can only read audio and video information. It is the BD
variation specifically designed for high definition movie and game content,
with multi channel audio etc.
• BD – RE: Blu-ray Disc Rewritable. It is a high capacity, high definition
optical storage disc format that can withstand multiple erasing and re-
recording.
• BD – XL: It can store high definition video with great sound quality up to
100 GB.
• Printable BD: It allows user to write or rewrite disc with personalized
content.
• BD – 3D: It allows to store videos in 3D format. Which gives illusion of
tactile depth perception.

8. Specifications
Capacity: 25 GB in Single Layer BD and 50 GB in Dual Layer BD
Laser Wavelength: 405 nm
Data Transfer Rate: 36 Megabits per second
Disc Thickness: 1.2 mm
Disc Diameter: 120 mm
Recording Material:
Inorganic or Organic material in BD – R and Phase Change
material in BD – RE
Record Format: Groove Recording
Track pitch: 0.32 µm
Video Compression: MPEG – 2, MPEG – 4 AVC, SMPTE VC-1 etc.
Audio Codecs Linear PCM, Dolby, DTS etc.

9. Characteristics
• It has the same size with a DVD and CD is a diameter of 120 mm and a
thickness of 1.2 mm.
• It’s protective layer is 0.1 mm which is 0.5 mm thinner than DVD’s
protective layer.
• Protective Layer provides greater protection against scratches and
fingerprints.
• It offers larger storage capacity than DVD.
• Blu-ray single layer disc can store up to 25 GB of data, while dual-layer
disc can store up to 50 GB of information.
• It stores data in encryption format.
• It also give protection against copyright and piracy.
• It can store uncompressed surround sound for video.
• Mostly all platform supports Blu-ray disc format.
• It is cost effective product.

10. Comparison
CD DVD HD DVD Blu-ray
Capacity: 700 MB
Single layer: 4.7 GB
Double layer: 8.5 GB
Single layer: 15 GB
Double layer: 30 GB
Single layer: 25 GB
Double layer: 50 GB
Laser wavelength: 780 nm 650 nm 405 nm 405 nm
Data Transfer Rate: 150 Kbps (1X) 1.3 Mbps (1X) 36 Mbps
36 Mbps for Data
54 Mbps for Audio/Video
Disk diameter: 120 mm 120 mm 120 mm 120 mm
Disk thickness: 1.2 mm 1.2 mm 1.2 mm 1.2 mm
Track pitch: 1.6 µm 0.74 µm 0.4 µm 0.32 µm
Protective layer: -- -- 0.6 mm 0.1 mm

12. Advantages & Disadvantages
Large Storage Capacity.
Digital Rights Management (DRM) - Blu-ray will only let a disc be
copied a certain number of times to help prevent piracy.
Mostly all platforms support Blu-ray.
Even gaming consoles like Sony’s Play-Stations, Microsoft’s Xbox etc.
supports Blu-ray.
Supports backward compatibility.
Expensive Technology.
It needs powerful hardware.
Due to it’s expensiveness, people will settle with HD DVD Player.
Because it provides high video – audio which is nearly similar with Blu-
ray disc’s video – audio quality.

13. Applications
• High Definition Television Recording.
• HD Videos with great Audio quality can easily distribute.
• Mass data storage.
• Stream High quality videos easily.

14. Reference
• http://www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-ROMwhitepaper20070308-
15270.pdf
• https://www.slideshare.net/minakshimolawade/bluray-disc-by-minakshi-molawade-and-
shrutika-chivhe?qid=98d0a3c6-59d8-4df9-b942-b3bc1428b462&v=&b=&from_search=1
• https://www.slideshare.net/errajesh1717/blu-ray-disc-seminar?qid=98d0a3c6-59d8-4df9-
b942-b3bc1428b462&v=&b=&from_search=6
• http://www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/FAQs/HistoryandAssociation.aspx
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray
• https://www.slideshare.net/anuraganuragjain/blu-ray-disc-ppt-by-anurag-kasliwal-final-
yearec-a
• https://us.blu-raydisc.com/about-us/
• http://www.nvidia.com/object/pvzone_learnmorebdhd_home.html
• https://www.slideshare.net/anuraganuragjain/blu-ray-disc-ppt-by-anurag-kasliwal-final-
yearec-a
• https://www.walldevil.com/blu-ray-disc-logo-wallpaper-182574/
• http://www.wallpapertt.com/ttpictures/large/228/2282971_blu-ray-wallpapers.jpg

15. Thank you!