This document discusses blood pressure, including how it is measured, normal ranges, and key terms. It provides the following information: - Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on vessel walls and is measured in mmHg. It varies based on heart health and vessel condition. - Systolic pressure occurs when the heart contracts while diastolic pressure happens when the heart relaxes between beats. - Normal blood pressure for adults is 90-120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg or less diastolic. The medulla oblongata and baroreceptor reflex help regulate blood pressure.

1. Blood Pressure
Liaqat Khan Reg:2384-FET/BSEE/F14-d

2. Measuring Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure is indicates your heart
health
• It is determined by the contractions of
the heart
• Your pressure varies depending on the
condition of your heart and blood
vessels
• Pressure is measured in millimeters of
mercury (mm Hg)

3. Human heart

4. What is Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure is the force that
blood exerts against blood vessel
walls.
• The pumping action of the heart
generates the flow
• Pressure occurs when the flow is
met by resistance from blood
vessel walls

5. Laminar Flow
• Blood flows faster in the center
of a blood vessel, because the
blood near the sides are hitting
the walls of the vessels.
• Is caused by the friction
(resistance) between the blood
and the vessel walls.

6. Blood Pressure Graph
• By taking your pulse, you can feel that blood
pressure fluctuation with each heartbeat.
• The pulse which you feel is actually a pressure wave
that travels from your heart though your arteries
Systolic
Dicrotic
Notch Diastolic Average
Pressure
Pulse Pressure

7. Systolic Pressure
• Systolic pressure is the maximum pressure exerted
by the blood against the artery walls.
• It results when the ventricles contract.
• Normally, it measures 120 mm Hg.
Systolic

8. Dicrotic Notch
• The Dicrotic Notch represents the interruption of
blood flow due to the brief backflow of blood that
closes the aortic semilunar valve when the ventricles
relax.
Dicrotic
Notch

9. Dicrotic Notch

10. Diastolic Pressure
• Diastolic Pressure is the lowest pressure in the
artery.
• It result when the ventricles are relaxed and is
usually around 80 mm Hg.
Diastolic

11. Blood Pressure Sounds
• A cuff is inflated to constrict an artery so that no blood
flows.
• As the cuff pressure is slowly released, but the artery is
still partially constricted, blood flow begins again.
• Sounds can be heard because the blood flows violently
causing audible sounds.
• When the artery is fully open, the blood flows freely and
the sounds disappear.

12. Checking Blood Pressure
• The first sounds that are heard indicate systolic pressure
(top number).
• When the sounds stop, diastolic pressure has been
reached (bottom number).
• Average blood pressure is:
120
80

13. Normal BP Measurements
AGE Normal BP
Newborn to 6 weeks * Systolic 50 - 70
Infant (6 weeks to 6 months) * Systolic 70 - 95
Toddler ( 1 to 3 years) * Systolic 80 - 100
Young Children ( 3 to 6 years) Systolic 80 - 110
Older Children (10 to 14 years) Systolic 90 - 120
Adults Systolic 90 - 120
Diastolic 80 or less
(* BP is often not taken on children less than 3 years of age)

14. Regulation of Blood Pressure
• medulla oblongata of the brain
• medullary cardiovascular control center
• Baroreceptor reflex

15. Blood Pressure Sensor