Blockchain on AWS Amazon QLDB Amazon Managed Blockchain AWS Blockchain Templates

2. Agenda
• What is Blockchain?
• Pillars of Blockchain
• How Blockchain works
• Blockchain use cases
• Blockchain in AWS
• Amazon Quantum Ledger
Database (QLDB)
• Amazon Manage Blockchain

3. What is Blockchain?
• A diary that is almost impossible to forge.
• A decentralized, distributed and public digital ledger that is
used to record transactions across many computers so that any
involved record cannot be altered retroactively, without the
alteration of all subsequent blocks.
• A growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked
using cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic
hash of the previous block a timestamp, and transaction data.
• Store data in a form of blocks, these blocks are chained
together.

4. Pillars of Blockchain Technology
• Decentralization
– Information is not stored by one single entity. In fact, everyone in
the network owns the information.
• Transparency
– Protects your privacy using public address.
– you will see all the transactions that were done by their public
address
• Immutability
– Once something has been entered into the blockchain, it
cannot be tampered with.

5. Definitions
• Hash function: a mathematical function that takes a
variable number of characters and converts it into a
string with a fixed number of characters.
Data SHA-256 hash
Transaction 1 dff3b30655dc240deca00ed22fae68fdf8cf465bbe99bb2b2e24259cc1daac3a
Welcome to
AWS Riyadh
user Group
4eec7eb7c1b2ff9f1a64befa514237f0ffa1c9770538e3d1f5c00478a921e5e6

6. How Blockchain works
• Transaction data:
• Blocks:
Ali gave 50 coins to Omar Omar gave 20 coins to Qaus Quas gave 10 coins to Muaz
T1: Omar +50
Block 1
T2: Ali -50
T3: Qaus +20
Block 2
T4: Omar -20
T5: Muaz +10
Block 3
T6: Quas -10
Data block unique
signature is
(130951790)
Data block unique
signature is
(1710997734)
Data block unique
signature is
(1228562879)

7. How Blockchain works
• Chain Block 1 Block 2 Block 3
Hashing tool:
https://www.xorbin.com/tools/sha256-hash-calculator
https://passwordsgenerator.net/sha256-hash-generator/
Data block unique
signature is
(130951790)
Data block unique
signature is
(1710997734)
Data block unique
signature is
(1255730722)
130951790
T1: Omar +50
T2: Ali -50
T3: Qaus +20
T4: Omar -20
T5: Muaz +10
T6: Quas -10
149562573
Data block unique
signature is
(149562573)
Data block unique
signature is
(1047982507)

8. Protect your blocks
How do the signatures stop someone from inserting a
new signature for each block after altering one?
Only hashes (signatures) that meet certain
requirements are accepted on the blockchain
Nonce
Number should be chosen so that the generated hash
ends/starts with number of consecutive zeros

9. Protect your blocks
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3
0000013095179
T1: Omar +50
T2: Ali -50
T3: Qaus +20
T4: Omar -20
T5: Muaz +10
T6: Quas -10
0000075211471
Random nonce:
34456874429803
Random nonce:
9621785646856
Random nonce:
??????????????
Hash needs to start
with at least 5
consecutive zeros
https://blockchaindemo.io/
Hashes to
signature
(98687209877)
Hashes to
signature
(0000013095179)
Hashes to
signature
(2234424899956)
Hashes to
signature
(0000075211471)

10. Blockchain Values

11. Blockchain use cases
• Smart contracts:
– The rules and penalties around a specific agreement in the
same way as traditional contracts do.
– Automatically enforce those obligations.
• Decentralized Government
• Voting
• Notarization (birth certificate, ID, education certificates)
• Banking
• Healthcare
• Real Estate

12. Blockchain in AWS
Used to solve two types of customer needs:
– In the first case, multiple parties work with a centralized,
trusted authority to maintain a complete and verifiable
record of transactions.
– Multiple parties transact in a decentralized manner
without the need for a centralized, trusted authority.

13. Blockchain in AWS
Amazon QLDB Amazon Managed Blockchain

14. Amazon Quantum Ledger Database
(QLDB)
• Immutable and Transparent
– Data on the journal cannot be deleted or modified.
• Cryptographically Verifiable
– QLDB uses a cryptographic hash function (SHA-256) to
generate a secure output file of your data’s change history
(digest)
• Highly Scalable
– Can execute 2 – 3X as many transactions than ledgers in
common blockchain frameworks.

15. Amazon Quantum Ledger Database
(QLDB)

16. Amazon Quantum Ledger Database
(QLDB) Pricing
• Storage consumed by your Amazon QLDB ledger is billed
in GB-months.
• IOs consumed are billed in millions of requests.
• Journal storage measures the size of your billable data
by adding the byte size of the blocks of data appended
to your journal.
• No additional charge for data transferred between QLDB
and other AWS services within the same AWS Region.

17. Amazon Managed Blockchain
• Fully managed
– Quickly create blockchain networks that span multiple AWS
accounts.
– Monitor the blockchain network to adapt to the changing
needs of your applications quickly.
– Blockchain’s voting API, network participants can vote to
add or remove members. Once a new member is added,
Managed Blockchain lets that member launch and configure
multiple blockchain peer nodes to process transaction.

18. Amazon Managed Blockchain
• Easily Analyze Blockchain Activity
– Replicate network activity to Amazon QLDB, a fully managed
ledger database.
• Choice of Hyperledger Fabric or Ethereum
– Hyperledger Fabric is well-suited for applications that require
privacy and permission controls with a known set of
members.
– Ethereum is well suited for distributed blockchain networks
where transparency of data for all members is important.

19. Amazon Managed Blockchain

20. Amazon Managed Blockchain Pricing
• There is no up-front cost or minimum fees.
• You are charged for network membership, peer nodes,
peer node storage, data written to the network, and data
transfer.
• The costs associated with shared network components in
a Amazon Managed Blockchain network are included in
your hourly network membership rate.

21. AWS Blockchain Templates
• A fast and easy way to create and deploy secure
blockchain networks.
• You choose as containers on an Amazon Elastic Container
Service (ECS) cluster, or directly on an EC2 instance
running Docker.
• There is no additional charge for AWS Blockchain
Templates. You pay only for the resources required to run
your blockchain network.

22. AWS Blockchain Templates
Ethereum Hyperledger Fabric
Write blockchain applications that run
exactly as programmed without downtime,
censorship, fraud, or third-party
interference
Offers access control and permissions for
data on the blockchain.
Transact with peers on the public
Ethereum network, want to build a new
public network, or want to use Ethereum’s
Solidity smart contract language.
create a private blockchain network, or
want to limit the transactions that each
party can see.

24. See You Next Meetup
AWS Riyadh User Group