Blockchain for science and knowledge creation. A technical fix to the reproducibility crisis ?
PD Dr. med. Sönke Bartling (@soenkeba,soenkebartling@mailbox.org)
Associate researcher at the Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Benedikt Fecher (benedikt.fecher@hiig.de)
German Institute for Economic Research and Alexander von Humboldt Institute for internet and society.
Abstract:
Blockchain technology has the capacity to make digital goods immutable, transparent,
externally provable, decentralized, and distributed. Besides the initial experiment or data
acquisition, all remaining parts of the research cycle could take place within a blockchain
system. Attribution, data, data postprocessing, publication, research evaluation,
incentivisation, and research fund distribution would thereby become comprehensible, open
(at will) and provable to the external world. Currently, scientists must be trusted to provide a true and useful representation of their research results in their final publication; blockchain would make much larger parts of the research cycle open to scientific selfcorrection. This bears the potential to be a technical solution to the current reproducibility crisis in science, and could ‘reduce waste and make more research results true’.
Visibility and digital art: Blockchain as an ownership layer on the Interneteraser Juan José Calderón
Visibility and digital art: Blockchain as an ownership layer on the Internet, de Masha McConaghy | Greg McMullen | Glenn Parry | Trent McConaghy | David Holtzman.
DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2146
IRJET- Photogroup: Decentralized Web Application using Ethereum BlockchainIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed decentralized photo sharing application called Photogroup that is built using blockchain technology. Photogroup allows users to view, like, comment on and share photos in a peer-to-peer network without a central server. It uses Ethereum for the blockchain platform and smart contracts to manage transactions and the addition of new blocks. When a user shares a photo, the transaction is added to the blockchain through smart contracts to ensure the data is distributed and immutable across all nodes. The system aims to provide more security than centralized social networks by avoiding single points of failure and making the data difficult to hack or tamper with.
IRJET - Healthcare Data Storage using BlockchainIRJET Journal
This document discusses using blockchain technology for healthcare data storage. It begins by introducing blockchain and how it can improve data security, transparency and access for healthcare applications. It then reviews related work applying blockchain to healthcare, medical records, clinical trials and more. The document proposes a system using blockchain to securely store healthcare data records and transactions. The system would create patient accounts, allow medical reports to be submitted, generate transactions, add blocks of transactions to the blockchain, and enable validation of insurance claims. In conclusion, the document discusses how blockchain can efficiently scale to handle large healthcare data volumes and users while facilitating easier interoperability between systems.
CRYPTOCOLLEGE: HOW BLOCKCHAIN CAN REIMAGINE HIGHER
EDUCATION
J. David Judd*
New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, Inxeption, 379 Oyster Point Blvd., South San
Francisco, California 94080, USA
This document summarizes a university lecture on blockchain and bitcoin. It begins with an overview of how the term "blockchain technology" can refer to different things like the Bitcoin blockchain, other cryptocurrencies, or smart contracts. It then defines what a blockchain is, including that it usually contains financial transactions, is replicated across peer-to-peer networks, and uses cryptography to prove identity and enforce access rights. The document contrasts public and private blockchains and how they differ in terms of who can write to the ledger. It also discusses key concepts like how blockchains achieve consensus when multiple blocks are created simultaneously and how network rules and upgrades are handled.
Block chain for the humanitarian sector - future opportunitiesPablo Bredt Torres
Interesting presentation related to a next generation data sharing system applicable within the humanitarian supply chain and logistics sector.
Surely, still lots of obstacles but with limitless impact.
BlockChain for the Humanitarian Sector - Future Opportunities - November 2016Vanessa Ko
The document provides an overview of blockchain technology and its potential applications in the humanitarian sector. It begins with key messages about blockchain, including that it is a distributed database hosted across a network that can securely share information and transfer digital assets. It then discusses the technology in more detail, explaining how blockchain works through time-stamped blocks in an immutable chain, its benefits like transparency and cost savings, and challenges like infrastructure requirements. The document outlines several potential humanitarian uses, such as protected data sharing, identity management, supply chain tracking, and cash programs. It concludes by recommending the humanitarian sector study blockchain's impact and experiment with future implementation where it can offer solutions to existing challenges.
Visibility and digital art: Blockchain as an ownership layer on the Interneteraser Juan José Calderón
Visibility and digital art: Blockchain as an ownership layer on the Internet, de Masha McConaghy | Greg McMullen | Glenn Parry | Trent McConaghy | David Holtzman.
DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2146
IRJET- Photogroup: Decentralized Web Application using Ethereum BlockchainIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed decentralized photo sharing application called Photogroup that is built using blockchain technology. Photogroup allows users to view, like, comment on and share photos in a peer-to-peer network without a central server. It uses Ethereum for the blockchain platform and smart contracts to manage transactions and the addition of new blocks. When a user shares a photo, the transaction is added to the blockchain through smart contracts to ensure the data is distributed and immutable across all nodes. The system aims to provide more security than centralized social networks by avoiding single points of failure and making the data difficult to hack or tamper with.
IRJET - Healthcare Data Storage using BlockchainIRJET Journal
This document discusses using blockchain technology for healthcare data storage. It begins by introducing blockchain and how it can improve data security, transparency and access for healthcare applications. It then reviews related work applying blockchain to healthcare, medical records, clinical trials and more. The document proposes a system using blockchain to securely store healthcare data records and transactions. The system would create patient accounts, allow medical reports to be submitted, generate transactions, add blocks of transactions to the blockchain, and enable validation of insurance claims. In conclusion, the document discusses how blockchain can efficiently scale to handle large healthcare data volumes and users while facilitating easier interoperability between systems.
CRYPTOCOLLEGE: HOW BLOCKCHAIN CAN REIMAGINE HIGHER
EDUCATION
J. David Judd*
New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, Inxeption, 379 Oyster Point Blvd., South San
Francisco, California 94080, USA
This document summarizes a university lecture on blockchain and bitcoin. It begins with an overview of how the term "blockchain technology" can refer to different things like the Bitcoin blockchain, other cryptocurrencies, or smart contracts. It then defines what a blockchain is, including that it usually contains financial transactions, is replicated across peer-to-peer networks, and uses cryptography to prove identity and enforce access rights. The document contrasts public and private blockchains and how they differ in terms of who can write to the ledger. It also discusses key concepts like how blockchains achieve consensus when multiple blocks are created simultaneously and how network rules and upgrades are handled.
Block chain for the humanitarian sector - future opportunitiesPablo Bredt Torres
Interesting presentation related to a next generation data sharing system applicable within the humanitarian supply chain and logistics sector.
Surely, still lots of obstacles but with limitless impact.
BlockChain for the Humanitarian Sector - Future Opportunities - November 2016Vanessa Ko
The document provides an overview of blockchain technology and its potential applications in the humanitarian sector. It begins with key messages about blockchain, including that it is a distributed database hosted across a network that can securely share information and transfer digital assets. It then discusses the technology in more detail, explaining how blockchain works through time-stamped blocks in an immutable chain, its benefits like transparency and cost savings, and challenges like infrastructure requirements. The document outlines several potential humanitarian uses, such as protected data sharing, identity management, supply chain tracking, and cash programs. It concludes by recommending the humanitarian sector study blockchain's impact and experiment with future implementation where it can offer solutions to existing challenges.
How Blockchains Are Transforming Adult EducationJohn Domingue
Slides from a session at the 9th Pan Commonwealth Forum giving an overview of the technology and concrete examples of how it is being used today to transform adult learning in a number of regions.
IRJET- A Survey on File Storage and Retrieval using Blockchain TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document discusses using blockchain technology for secure file storage and retrieval. It first describes existing technologies like distributed file systems, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), storing file hashes on blockchain, Filecoin, and Storj. It then proposes a system using Ethereum, Swarm, and Whisper that encrypts files before storing encrypted blocks on Swarm and recording hashes on blockchain. File access permissions are shared via Whisper messages. This decentralized system improves security, accessibility, and avoids data redundancy compared to traditional methods.
Aplicación de la tecnología blockchain en sistemas energéticos sosteniblesJosé Luis Casal
This document discusses the application of blockchain technology in sustainable energy systems. It begins by introducing blockchain technology and defining its key characteristics like decentralization, transparency, and use of smart contracts. It then discusses the Energy Internet and how it involves various sustainable energy forms and participants in a complex system. The document argues that blockchain technology could help address some challenges in managing and controlling distributed sustainable energy in the Energy Internet. It provides an overview of how blockchain and the Energy Internet are compatible and proposes several application scenarios where blockchain could be applied in the Energy Internet to improve transparency, security and efficiency of energy transactions.
This document proposes a new privacy-preserving public auditing mechanism called Oruta that allows public auditors to efficiently verify the integrity of shared data stored in the cloud without downloading the entire file. Existing public auditing mechanisms reveal the identity of the signer on each data block to the public auditor, compromising privacy. Oruta utilizes ring signatures to construct verification metadata such that the public auditor can verify data integrity without learning the identity of the signer. It also supports batch auditing to verify multiple tasks simultaneously, improving efficiency. The mechanism aims to achieve public auditing, correctness, unforgeability, and preserve the identity privacy of data signers from public auditors.
Blockchain is a distributed database that maintains a continuously growing list of records called blocks which are secured from tampering using cryptography. It allows digital information to be recorded and distributed, but not edited. The article provides an overview of blockchain technology including its history, architecture, how it works, advantages and disadvantages. It discusses how blockchain uses a peer-to-peer network and cryptographic algorithms to securely record transactions in an immutable, decentralized digital ledger.
Blockchain Technology and Its Application in Artificial Intelligence and Mach...Dr. Kotrappa Sirbi
Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence are two of the hottest technology trends right now. Even though the two technologies have highly different developing parties and applications, researchers have been discussing and exploring their combination .
P14 towards using blockchain technology for e healthdevid8
This document proposes using blockchain technology to address challenges with managing electronic health data access and exchange. It summarizes previous related work applying blockchain to eHealth. The key challenges are ensuring data privacy and scalability. The proposed model uses a public blockchain to securely transmit data pointers and notifications, while storing actual health data off-chain in an InterPlanetary File System database. Smart contracts would manage access permissions. This would provide security while addressing blockchain's limitations for large data storage. The model was implemented using Ethereum, IPFS and smart contracts to test the feasibility of the blockchain-based eHealth data management approach.
IDC Research Paper Looks at Ensuring and Proving Big Data is Tamper-Freeflashnewsrelease
The IDC research paper examines how organizations can prove the integrity and authenticity of big data stored in the cloud. It discusses how current options like third-party certification are unwieldy and proposes an alternative using GuardTime's keyless signature technology. The technology provides mathematical proof of data's time, origin, and integrity without relying on keys or third parties. This allows organizations to assure data integrity and trace data usage and storage locations in the cloud.
This document summarizes a research article about how privacy and security concerns affect user trust and adoption of blockchain technology. It introduces a model of how perceived security and privacy positively influence user attitudes and trust in blockchains. The model is based on the theory of reasoned action and incorporates blockchain-specific factors. The research aims to understand the relationship between user trust, security/privacy concerns, and blockchain use. It argues that ensuring user anonymity, data protection, and transparency around data use can help build trust and adoption of blockchain services.
This document discusses the concept of a 3D Internet and outlines its potential benefits and challenges. It argues that a 3D Internet could provide a more intuitive interface for organizing and navigating online information by leveraging spatial relationships, similar to how humans interact in the physical world. However, realizing a 3D Internet would require overcoming significant technical challenges in areas like networking, distributed computing, security, and machine learning. The document outlines a potential architecture for a 3D Internet and explores open research questions around topics such as caching in a 3D environment, minimizing latency, and establishing trust.
Data Anonymization for Privacy Preservation in Big Datarahulmonikasharma
Cloud computing provides capable ascendable IT edifice to provision numerous processing of a various big data applications in sectors such as healthcare and business. Mainly electronic health records data sets and in such applications generally contain privacy-sensitive data. The most popular technique for data privacy preservation is anonymizing the data through generalization. Proposal is to examine the issue against proximity privacy breaches for big data anonymization and try to recognize a scalable solution to this issue. Scalable clustering approach with two phase consisting of clustering algorithm and K-Anonymity scheme with Generalisation and suppression is intended to work on this problem. Design of the algorithms is done with MapReduce to increase high scalability by carrying out dataparallel execution in cloud. Wide-ranging researches on actual data sets substantiate that the method deliberately advances the competence of defensive proximity privacy breaks, the scalability and the efficiency of anonymization over existing methods. Anonymizing data sets through generalization to gratify some of the privacy attributes like k- Anonymity is a popularly-used type of privacy preserving methods. Currently, the gauge of data in numerous cloud surges extremely in agreement with the Big Data, making it a dare for frequently used tools to actually get, manage, and process large-scale data for a particular accepted time scale. Hence, it is a trial for prevailing anonymization approaches to attain privacy conservation for big data private information due to scalabilty issues.
This document describes BigchainDB, a scalable blockchain database. BigchainDB combines the key benefits of distributed databases and blockchains, with an emphasis on scale. It is built on an existing distributed database to inherit high throughput, capacity, low latency, and querying abilities. BigchainDB also adds blockchain characteristics like decentralized control, immutability, and the ability to create and transfer digital assets. The goal is to provide a decentralized database at scale, filling a gap in existing blockchain technologies.
This document summarizes a philosophy of technology lecture given by Melanie Swan. Some of the key topics discussed include contemporary philosophy of technology, the historical views of technology from Aristotle to Heidegger, issues of unthinkability and complexity in technology, different conceptions of time between humans and machines, and how this relates to an overarching theme of composable reality. The document also discusses potential applications of brain-computer interfaces and different models of human relations with technology from prosthetics to data and drones.
This document discusses the integration of semantic web technologies with cloud infrastructure. It introduces cloud infrastructure and how it provides scalable computing resources as a service. It then explains key concepts of the semantic web, such as using structured data and ontologies to encode meaning and enable machine understanding. The document outlines how semantic web technologies like XML, RDF and OWL can be used to annotate data for the semantic web. It proposes that combining semantic web and cloud computing allows for a shared knowledge sphere on the web where applications can communicate via web services on the cloud. Major research initiatives exploring this integration are also summarized.
This document provides a summary of a thesis paper that analyzes security and vulnerabilities in blockchain systems. The paper conducts threat modeling to identify four security domains of blockchain systems: platform breach, dApps exploit, access point attack, and endpoint hacking. It analyzes 78 recent cyberattacks against blockchain systems and categorizes them by security domain. Two major attacks, the DAO hack and Bitfinex hack, are analyzed in detail using causal analysis methods. The paper also proposes a new top-down security assessment method inspired by STPA-Sec to evaluate sample blockchain systems like a voting application and identify potential vulnerabilities.
IRJET- Secure E-Documents Storage using BlockchainIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to securely store electronic documents on a blockchain network to address issues with centralized document storage systems. A blockchain network is constructed where nodes are authorized entities that can add documents to the distributed ledger. Digital copies of original documents are added as transactions to the immutable blockchain. This allows documents to be permanently and securely stored while maintaining integrity and preventing forgery, as changes would require consensus across the decentralized network. The system aims to provide easy document access and recovery without physical document loss or need to visit storage locations.
Blockchains as a Component of the Next generation InternetJohn Domingue
This talk gives an overview of the blockchain technology describing its impact, the constituent elements and how it may be used. Related EU Funding opportunities are also covered.
Decentralised AI through Distributed Ledger Technologies Gokul Alex
My seminar lecture session on Decentralised AI through Distributed Ledger Technologies in the second National Seminar on Machine Intelligence organised by University of Kerala, Department of Computer Science on 24th January 2020. I have covered the foundations of distributed ledger technologies, decentralisation roadmap, decentralised AI and decentralised data exchanges in this session.
The document discusses the value and potential of blockchain technology. It defines blockchain as a framework that allows a trusted, centralized system to integrate data across existing untrusted databases. Blockchain is described as the next stage of the internet, designed to build trust in all worldwide data. The document outlines how blockchain can be applied in various sectors such as education, banking, healthcare, and more. It distinguishes blockchain from cryptocurrency and bitcoin, stating that while cryptocurrency relies on blockchain, blockchain has many more applications than just currency.
Global Digital Sukuk (GDS) - A basic frameworkTariqullah Khan
The document discusses the concept of digitizing sukuk using blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies, outlining some of the perceived advantages such as avoiding intermediaries, instant global transfer of ownership, and enhancing governance through smart contracts, and also addresses some of the regulatory challenges currently facing digital currencies. It proposes a framework for a global digital sukuk that could be issued on a public blockchain by a multilateral development bank to facilitate crowdfunding and investments that comply with Islamic finance principles.
1) The document discusses V SYSTEMS, a new blockchain database and apps platform that aims to address scalability issues with existing blockchain technologies and enable widespread blockchain adoption.
2) It proposes a new consensus mechanism called Supernode Proof-of-Stake (SPoS) and a mainchain-sidechain model to improve scalability.
3) The platform will provide tools for deploying blockchains, migrating databases, and developing smart contracts and decentralized apps.
In this post, you will see the top Blockchain trends that you must follow as a developer. Check them out now and share your experience with us in the comments.
How Blockchains Are Transforming Adult EducationJohn Domingue
Slides from a session at the 9th Pan Commonwealth Forum giving an overview of the technology and concrete examples of how it is being used today to transform adult learning in a number of regions.
IRJET- A Survey on File Storage and Retrieval using Blockchain TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document discusses using blockchain technology for secure file storage and retrieval. It first describes existing technologies like distributed file systems, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), storing file hashes on blockchain, Filecoin, and Storj. It then proposes a system using Ethereum, Swarm, and Whisper that encrypts files before storing encrypted blocks on Swarm and recording hashes on blockchain. File access permissions are shared via Whisper messages. This decentralized system improves security, accessibility, and avoids data redundancy compared to traditional methods.
Aplicación de la tecnología blockchain en sistemas energéticos sosteniblesJosé Luis Casal
This document discusses the application of blockchain technology in sustainable energy systems. It begins by introducing blockchain technology and defining its key characteristics like decentralization, transparency, and use of smart contracts. It then discusses the Energy Internet and how it involves various sustainable energy forms and participants in a complex system. The document argues that blockchain technology could help address some challenges in managing and controlling distributed sustainable energy in the Energy Internet. It provides an overview of how blockchain and the Energy Internet are compatible and proposes several application scenarios where blockchain could be applied in the Energy Internet to improve transparency, security and efficiency of energy transactions.
This document proposes a new privacy-preserving public auditing mechanism called Oruta that allows public auditors to efficiently verify the integrity of shared data stored in the cloud without downloading the entire file. Existing public auditing mechanisms reveal the identity of the signer on each data block to the public auditor, compromising privacy. Oruta utilizes ring signatures to construct verification metadata such that the public auditor can verify data integrity without learning the identity of the signer. It also supports batch auditing to verify multiple tasks simultaneously, improving efficiency. The mechanism aims to achieve public auditing, correctness, unforgeability, and preserve the identity privacy of data signers from public auditors.
Blockchain is a distributed database that maintains a continuously growing list of records called blocks which are secured from tampering using cryptography. It allows digital information to be recorded and distributed, but not edited. The article provides an overview of blockchain technology including its history, architecture, how it works, advantages and disadvantages. It discusses how blockchain uses a peer-to-peer network and cryptographic algorithms to securely record transactions in an immutable, decentralized digital ledger.
Blockchain Technology and Its Application in Artificial Intelligence and Mach...Dr. Kotrappa Sirbi
Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence are two of the hottest technology trends right now. Even though the two technologies have highly different developing parties and applications, researchers have been discussing and exploring their combination .
P14 towards using blockchain technology for e healthdevid8
This document proposes using blockchain technology to address challenges with managing electronic health data access and exchange. It summarizes previous related work applying blockchain to eHealth. The key challenges are ensuring data privacy and scalability. The proposed model uses a public blockchain to securely transmit data pointers and notifications, while storing actual health data off-chain in an InterPlanetary File System database. Smart contracts would manage access permissions. This would provide security while addressing blockchain's limitations for large data storage. The model was implemented using Ethereum, IPFS and smart contracts to test the feasibility of the blockchain-based eHealth data management approach.
IDC Research Paper Looks at Ensuring and Proving Big Data is Tamper-Freeflashnewsrelease
The IDC research paper examines how organizations can prove the integrity and authenticity of big data stored in the cloud. It discusses how current options like third-party certification are unwieldy and proposes an alternative using GuardTime's keyless signature technology. The technology provides mathematical proof of data's time, origin, and integrity without relying on keys or third parties. This allows organizations to assure data integrity and trace data usage and storage locations in the cloud.
This document summarizes a research article about how privacy and security concerns affect user trust and adoption of blockchain technology. It introduces a model of how perceived security and privacy positively influence user attitudes and trust in blockchains. The model is based on the theory of reasoned action and incorporates blockchain-specific factors. The research aims to understand the relationship between user trust, security/privacy concerns, and blockchain use. It argues that ensuring user anonymity, data protection, and transparency around data use can help build trust and adoption of blockchain services.
This document discusses the concept of a 3D Internet and outlines its potential benefits and challenges. It argues that a 3D Internet could provide a more intuitive interface for organizing and navigating online information by leveraging spatial relationships, similar to how humans interact in the physical world. However, realizing a 3D Internet would require overcoming significant technical challenges in areas like networking, distributed computing, security, and machine learning. The document outlines a potential architecture for a 3D Internet and explores open research questions around topics such as caching in a 3D environment, minimizing latency, and establishing trust.
Data Anonymization for Privacy Preservation in Big Datarahulmonikasharma
Cloud computing provides capable ascendable IT edifice to provision numerous processing of a various big data applications in sectors such as healthcare and business. Mainly electronic health records data sets and in such applications generally contain privacy-sensitive data. The most popular technique for data privacy preservation is anonymizing the data through generalization. Proposal is to examine the issue against proximity privacy breaches for big data anonymization and try to recognize a scalable solution to this issue. Scalable clustering approach with two phase consisting of clustering algorithm and K-Anonymity scheme with Generalisation and suppression is intended to work on this problem. Design of the algorithms is done with MapReduce to increase high scalability by carrying out dataparallel execution in cloud. Wide-ranging researches on actual data sets substantiate that the method deliberately advances the competence of defensive proximity privacy breaks, the scalability and the efficiency of anonymization over existing methods. Anonymizing data sets through generalization to gratify some of the privacy attributes like k- Anonymity is a popularly-used type of privacy preserving methods. Currently, the gauge of data in numerous cloud surges extremely in agreement with the Big Data, making it a dare for frequently used tools to actually get, manage, and process large-scale data for a particular accepted time scale. Hence, it is a trial for prevailing anonymization approaches to attain privacy conservation for big data private information due to scalabilty issues.
This document describes BigchainDB, a scalable blockchain database. BigchainDB combines the key benefits of distributed databases and blockchains, with an emphasis on scale. It is built on an existing distributed database to inherit high throughput, capacity, low latency, and querying abilities. BigchainDB also adds blockchain characteristics like decentralized control, immutability, and the ability to create and transfer digital assets. The goal is to provide a decentralized database at scale, filling a gap in existing blockchain technologies.
This document summarizes a philosophy of technology lecture given by Melanie Swan. Some of the key topics discussed include contemporary philosophy of technology, the historical views of technology from Aristotle to Heidegger, issues of unthinkability and complexity in technology, different conceptions of time between humans and machines, and how this relates to an overarching theme of composable reality. The document also discusses potential applications of brain-computer interfaces and different models of human relations with technology from prosthetics to data and drones.
This document discusses the integration of semantic web technologies with cloud infrastructure. It introduces cloud infrastructure and how it provides scalable computing resources as a service. It then explains key concepts of the semantic web, such as using structured data and ontologies to encode meaning and enable machine understanding. The document outlines how semantic web technologies like XML, RDF and OWL can be used to annotate data for the semantic web. It proposes that combining semantic web and cloud computing allows for a shared knowledge sphere on the web where applications can communicate via web services on the cloud. Major research initiatives exploring this integration are also summarized.
This document provides a summary of a thesis paper that analyzes security and vulnerabilities in blockchain systems. The paper conducts threat modeling to identify four security domains of blockchain systems: platform breach, dApps exploit, access point attack, and endpoint hacking. It analyzes 78 recent cyberattacks against blockchain systems and categorizes them by security domain. Two major attacks, the DAO hack and Bitfinex hack, are analyzed in detail using causal analysis methods. The paper also proposes a new top-down security assessment method inspired by STPA-Sec to evaluate sample blockchain systems like a voting application and identify potential vulnerabilities.
IRJET- Secure E-Documents Storage using BlockchainIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to securely store electronic documents on a blockchain network to address issues with centralized document storage systems. A blockchain network is constructed where nodes are authorized entities that can add documents to the distributed ledger. Digital copies of original documents are added as transactions to the immutable blockchain. This allows documents to be permanently and securely stored while maintaining integrity and preventing forgery, as changes would require consensus across the decentralized network. The system aims to provide easy document access and recovery without physical document loss or need to visit storage locations.
Blockchains as a Component of the Next generation InternetJohn Domingue
This talk gives an overview of the blockchain technology describing its impact, the constituent elements and how it may be used. Related EU Funding opportunities are also covered.
Decentralised AI through Distributed Ledger Technologies Gokul Alex
My seminar lecture session on Decentralised AI through Distributed Ledger Technologies in the second National Seminar on Machine Intelligence organised by University of Kerala, Department of Computer Science on 24th January 2020. I have covered the foundations of distributed ledger technologies, decentralisation roadmap, decentralised AI and decentralised data exchanges in this session.
The document discusses the value and potential of blockchain technology. It defines blockchain as a framework that allows a trusted, centralized system to integrate data across existing untrusted databases. Blockchain is described as the next stage of the internet, designed to build trust in all worldwide data. The document outlines how blockchain can be applied in various sectors such as education, banking, healthcare, and more. It distinguishes blockchain from cryptocurrency and bitcoin, stating that while cryptocurrency relies on blockchain, blockchain has many more applications than just currency.
Global Digital Sukuk (GDS) - A basic frameworkTariqullah Khan
The document discusses the concept of digitizing sukuk using blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies, outlining some of the perceived advantages such as avoiding intermediaries, instant global transfer of ownership, and enhancing governance through smart contracts, and also addresses some of the regulatory challenges currently facing digital currencies. It proposes a framework for a global digital sukuk that could be issued on a public blockchain by a multilateral development bank to facilitate crowdfunding and investments that comply with Islamic finance principles.
1) The document discusses V SYSTEMS, a new blockchain database and apps platform that aims to address scalability issues with existing blockchain technologies and enable widespread blockchain adoption.
2) It proposes a new consensus mechanism called Supernode Proof-of-Stake (SPoS) and a mainchain-sidechain model to improve scalability.
3) The platform will provide tools for deploying blockchains, migrating databases, and developing smart contracts and decentralized apps.
In this post, you will see the top Blockchain trends that you must follow as a developer. Check them out now and share your experience with us in the comments.
Blockchain-Based Internet of Things: Review, Current Trends, Applications, an...AlAtfat
Advances in technology always had an impact on our lives. Several emerging technologies, most notably the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain, present transformative opportunities. The blockchain is a decentralized, transparent ledger for storing transaction data. By effectively establishing trust between nodes, it has the remarkable potential to design unique architectures for most enterprise applications. When it first appeared as a platform for anonymous cryptocurrency trading, such as Bitcoin, on a public network platform, blockchain piqued the interest of researchers. The chain is completed when each block connects to the previous block. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of networked devices that can exchange data and be managed and controlled via unique identifiers. Automation, wireless sensor networks, embedded systems, and control systems are just a few of the well-known technologies that power the IoT. Converging advancements in real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded systems demonstrate the rapid expansion of the IoT paradigm. The Internet of Things refers to the global networking of millions of networked smart gadgets that gather and exchange data. Integrating the IoT and blockchain technology would be a significant step toward developing a reliable, secure, and comprehensive method of storing data collected by smart devices. Internet-enabled devices in the IoT can send data to private blockchain networks, creating immutable records of all transaction history. As a result, these networks produce unchangeable logs of all transactions. This research looks at how blockchain technology and the Internet of Things interact to understand better how devices can communicate with one another. The blockchain-enabled Internet of Things architecture proposed in this article is a useful framework for integrating blockchain technology and the Internet of Things using the most cutting-edge tools and methods currently available. This article discusses the principles of blockchain-based IoT, consensus methods, reviews, difficulties, prospects, applications, trends, and communication between IoT nodes in an integrated framework.
Blockchain-Based Internet of Things: Review, Current Trends, Applications, an...AlAtfat
This document provides a comprehensive literature review of blockchain-based Internet of Things (IoT) networks. It begins with introductions to blockchain technology and IoT. It discusses consensus methods, blockchain architecture layers, trends, and the role of blockchain in IoT. It explores communication among IoT nodes in blockchain-IoT frameworks and associated challenges. It also reviews applications and provides comparisons to related work. The document aims to analyze trends in blockchain approaches and tools for IoT environments to explore opportunities and challenges in further integrating blockchain and IoT technologies.
IRJET- Secure Online Voting Systems using Block of ChunksIRJET Journal
This document proposes a blockchain-based online voting system called Blockchain Voting System (BVS) to address the issues of slow voting processes and corruption in existing systems. BVS allows voters to simultaneously transmit their votes by assigning votes to pre-defined blocks on the blockchain. This significantly reduces delays in vote collection and tallying. BVS uses cryptography and message authentication to secure votes against hacking or manipulation. Analytical models show that BVS voting robustness increases with larger block parameters. The system could help achieve secure and transparent election results in less time.
Blockchain and its Use in the Public Sector - OECDOECD Governance
Presentation on the OECD Working Paper "Blockchains Unchained: Blockchain Technology and its use in the Public Sector". This guide aims to equip public servants with the necessary knowledge to understand what the Blockchain architecture is, the implications it could have on government services, and the opportunities and challenges governments may face as a result. For more information see oe.cd/blockchain
PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT
Date 2020-03-16
Words 865
Characters 5478
Content Checked For Plagiarism
Blockchain Student’s name Institutional affiliation Submission date Introduction Blockchain technology has been art=tracing a lot of oftenest
from many industries. This blockchain has enhanced many developments, unlike any other feed that is associated with the internet. His is
attributed to how individuals and organizations will be functioning (Swan, 2015). .in addition, block chain is said to be going to have changes
to the way the governments are run and how certain aspects in society will apply the I=enforcement of varied transactions. In the past
centuries, trust has been I the hand s of large corporations such as banks s but the development of the Blockchain will create an arena
through which power will be dynamic, and there will be space for new channels for validation of information. Functionality Blockchains are
made up of data sets that are made up of smaller chains of data packages known as blocks. A block is made up of multiple transactions.
Therefore, the Blockchain arises from the addition of new blocks. A complete blockchain is a representation of an entire ledger that has
transaction history. The functionality of the blockchain state that transactions are not automatically added to the leger that is in place. The
application of the general agreement will allow transactions to be stored I a block for a certain amount of time before being transferred to the
ledger. The implication of the Blockchain The Blockchain is a ledger that holds the records of all transactions that have been processed by a
network in addition to allowing the user computer top to give a verification of the operation that has taken place. The distributed ledger system
is vital because, in contrast to the centralized systems, the functionalities of the network persist even if the particular nodes break down.
Therefore, the significant impact that Blockchain has is the fact that trust is no longer an issue of concern. Digital assets can be developed
and managed by the use of a blockchain channel. The Blockchain enables the space for selective transparency and privacy that is attained by
the use of cryptographic technologies. Clarity can bring up the ethics that are associated with a company. (Salah et al. 2019). Advantages of
Blockchain Immutability is the essence by which it refers to the fact that past transactions cannot be altered since multiple copies of the
Blockchain are preserved and taken care of by the general agreement across the networks. Data that is stored you the block cannot be lasted
thereof secure enough The Blockchain enables the idea associated with verifiability whereby anion within the system, can check by
themselves if the rules of the system in place are being adhered to. Thus the information cannot be manipulated. The information sobered
within the block can be accessed even if the peers go or l.
PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT
Date 2020-03-16
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Blockchain Student’s name Institutional affiliation Submission date Introduction Blockchain technology has been art=tracing a lot of oftenest
from many industries. This blockchain has enhanced many developments, unlike any other feed that is associated with the internet. His is
attributed to how individuals and organizations will be functioning (Swan, 2015). .in addition, block chain is said to be going to have changes
to the way the governments are run and how certain aspects in society will apply the I=enforcement of varied transactions. In the past
centuries, trust has been I the hand s of large corporations such as banks s but the development of the Blockchain will create an arena
through which power will be dynamic, and there will be space for new channels for validation of information. Functionality Blockchains are
made up of data sets that are made up of smaller chains of data packages known as blocks. A block is made up of multiple transactions.
Therefore, the Blockchain arises from the addition of new blocks. A complete blockchain is a representation of an entire ledger that has
transaction history. The functionality of the blockchain state that transactions are not automatically added to the leger that is in place. The
application of the general agreement will allow transactions to be stored I a block for a certain amount of time before being transferred to the
ledger. The implication of the Blockchain The Blockchain is a ledger that holds the records of all transactions that have been processed by a
network in addition to allowing the user computer top to give a verification of the operation that has taken place. The distributed ledger system
is vital because, in contrast to the centralized systems, the functionalities of the network persist even if the particular nodes break down.
Therefore, the significant impact that Blockchain has is the fact that trust is no longer an issue of concern. Digital assets can be developed
and managed by the use of a blockchain channel. The Blockchain enables the space for selective transparency and privacy that is attained by
the use of cryptographic technologies. Clarity can bring up the ethics that are associated with a company. (Salah et al. 2019). Advantages of
Blockchain Immutability is the essence by which it refers to the fact that past transactions cannot be altered since multiple copies of the
Blockchain are preserved and taken care of by the general agreement across the networks. Data that is stored you the block cannot be lasted
thereof secure enough The Blockchain enables the idea associated with verifiability whereby anion within the system, can check by
themselves if the rules of the system in place are being adhered to. Thus the information cannot be manipulated. The information sobered
within the block can be accessed even if the peers go or l ...
One of the most hyped IT buzzwords to have emerged in the last couple of years. Blockchain has found its way into major media headlines on a near-daily basis, but a year and a half ago, it was a word used by a relatively small number of people to describe the peer-to-peer distributed ledger technology.
Running head BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY BEYOND CRYPTOCURRENCY1B.docxtoddr4
Running head: BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY: BEYOND CRYPTOCURRENCY
1
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY: BEYOND CRYPTOCURRENCY
7
Block-chain Technology: Beyond Crypto-currency
Christophe Bassono
University of Nebraska Omaha
CYBR-4360-860-Foundation of IA
Assignment: Semester Project Presentation
Block-chain Technology: Beyond the Crypto-currency
Contents
Contents
2
Abstract
3
Introduction
3
Fundamentals of Block-chain Technology
4
Application of Block-chain Beyond Crypto-currency
5
Future of Block-chain
8
Conclusion
8
Abstract
Block-chain is relatively new; therefore, a representative research sample is presented that spans over the last couple of years from the earlier literature addressing the field. The different usage types of Block-chain, as well as the digital ledger methods, applications, challenges privacy, and security issues, are examined. The technology constitutes two distinct components including block and transaction. Block refers to the collection of data, transaction recording, as well as other related details such as the creation of timestamp, correct sequence, et cetera. Blockchain which is the digital technology fundamental for crypto-currency has managed to bring forth a novel revolution through the provision of a mechanism that can be used for peer-to-peer transactions (P2P). The blockchain is a globally accepted ledger that is capable of achieving numerous new applications beyond transaction verification. Bitcoin that is progressively gaining awareness around the world is a vital example of Blockchain in practice. The block-chain technology is still at the stage of building up and is expected to be full-blown in the next few years. Introduction
The predominant goal of this proposal is to outline the literature on the functionality of Block-chain and other techniques of the digital ledger in several different spheres of influence beyond its use to crypto-currency and to come up with an appropriate conclusion. The technology of block-chain is relatively new; therefore, a representative research sample is presented that spans over the last couple of years from the earlier literature addressing the field. The different usage types of Block-chain, as well as the digital ledger methods, applications, challenges privacy, and security issues, are examined. However, the main focus of this proposal is to determine the most auspicious for future application of Block-chain beyond crypto-currency.
Block-chain is the technology that facilitates the system of Bitcoin crypto-currency, which is also regarded to be important in the formation of the backbone that guarantees privacy and security of several applications in different areas such as the eco-system of the Internet of Things. The block-chain technology has also been successfully applied in the industrial and the educational sectors (Pilkington, 2016). A Proof-of-Work, which is a mathematical challenge, guarantees the security of the chain-block by maintaining the transactions of the digital le.
Distributed ledger technical research in central bank of brazilmustafa sarac
This document summarizes a report by the Central Bank of Brazil on its distributed ledger technology research. It provides an overview of the bank's research process, including analyzing potential use cases, examining platforms to develop prototypes, and addressing perceived privacy issues. The bank studied relevant projects, built experiments to test responses to privacy concerns, and hopes the lessons learned will inform future decisions on this technology. It also summarizes previous work by other financial institutions exploring distributed ledgers.
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for educationeraser Juan José Calderón
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education
Guang Chen1,2, Bing Xu1
, Manli Lu1 and Nian-Shing Chen3*
Abstract
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been
applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Keywords: Blockchain, Educational evaluation, Instructional design, Learning is earning
BASIC INTRODUCTION TO BLOCKCHAIN - JOEL SUMANTH RAJ.pdfJOELCONTACTS
Blockchain Technology is a shared, immutable ledger that facilitates the process of recording transactions and tracking assets in a business network. An asset can be tangible (a house, car, cash, land) or intangible (intellectual property, documents, contracts, patents, copyrights, branding).
How does the Blockchain Work?
A blockchain is a distributed, peer-to-peer database that hosts a continuously growing number of transactions. Each transaction, referred to as a “block,” is secured through cryptography, timestamped, and validated by every authorized member of the database using consensus algorithms (i.e., a set of rules). A transaction that is not validated by all members of the database is not added to the database. Every transaction is attached to the previous transaction in sequential order, creating a chain of transactions (or blocks). A transaction cannot be deleted or edited, thereby creating an immutable audit trial. A transaction can only be changed by adding another transaction to the chain.
Blockchain Technology - By Dennis Loos.pdfdennis loos
Blockchain is one of the most significant assets that truly disrupt our day-to-day lives. It’s not just cryptocurrencies. “But Dennis Loos, isn’t blockchain just cryptos?” Oh, no, it’s much, much, MUCH more than that.
How Blockchain Technology Is Evolving In The CloudShikhaKonda
https://go-dgtl.com/whitepaper/how-blockchain-technology-is-evolving-in-the-cloud/?utm_source=offpage&utm_medium=thirdparty&utm_campaign=alo-seo - Cloud and blockchain are increasingly becoming the most valuable combinations to enhance the security of enterprise data living on the cloud. Learn more
How Blockchain Technology Is Evolving In The Cloud - GoDgtl.pdfPeeterParkar
Blockchain technology is evolving to provide security benefits when used with cloud computing. Major cloud platforms like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft now offer blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS) to securely store data in the cloud using blockchain's decentralized, immutable ledger. Blockchain addresses cloud computing's security risks like data loss and lack of transparency. Its use in the cloud is expected to grow significantly, expanding to applications in digital identity, payments, supply chain management, and more.
Blockchain technology in Agriculture: Applications, Impact and futureIRJET Journal
Blockchain technology has the potential to significantly transform the agricultural industry by addressing several challenges. The document discusses applications of blockchain in agriculture such as improving food safety and quality tracking, enhancing supply chain traceability from farm to fork, increasing farm productivity, and enabling more equitable payments to farmers. It provides an overview of blockchain components like distributed ledgers and smart contracts. Public, private and permissioned blockchain networks are described. Overall, the document argues that blockchain can benefit agriculture by creating an immutable record of transactions to build trust between parties in the complex agricultural supply chain.
IRJET- Security Threats on Blockchain and its CountermeasuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that examines security threats to blockchain systems. It begins with an abstract that introduces the topic and outlines the paper's goals. The introduction provides background on blockchain technology and discusses how, while it provides benefits like security and decentralization, it also faces challenges around scalability, security, and privacy that have not been fully addressed. The paper then reviews existing literature on blockchain security issues and vulnerabilities. It conducts a systematic survey of security threats to blockchain systems and how existing vulnerabilities can enable these threats to disrupt normal blockchain functionality. Key security threats discussed include double-spending attacks. The document outlines the paper's analysis of blockchain characteristics, types, consensus algorithms, and technical challenges like scalability and throughput that
Concept of Blockchain Technology - How Does It Work (1).pdfcoingabbar
There are lots of adverse effects of the Covad-19 Pandemic but the pandemic also spurred positive transformations in life sciences: the digitization of everything. This also exacerbated-existing concerns about how to handle data and track providence between partners in the value chain.
Additionally, social distancing and virtualization of work created new challenges in collecting, managing, and sharing data. Blockchain appears to be one of many solutions experts are keeping eye on. Blockchain seems to be the most prominent solution as it can play a significant role in supporting digitization.
Blockchain is a technology and not cryptocurrency that’s why even banks are ready to adopt it in their system but before going through all the adoption processes we all need to understand the concept of Blockchain technology.
What is a Blockchain?
A blockchain is referred to as a dispensed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network. Being stored in the database, a blockchain keeps the information electronically in digital format. Basically, Blockchains are best known for their important role in cryptocurrency systems, like bitcoin, for balancing secure and decentralized record transactions. However, the variation under a blockchain is that it assures the fidelity and security of a record of data and executes trust without the requirement for a trusted third party.
Usually, a database structures its data into tables, whereas a blockchain, such as its name suggests, structures its data into chunks (blocks) that are powerful together. This data structure naturally makes an immutable timeline of data when performed in a decentralized behavior. Once a block is filled, it is set in stone and becomes a part of this timeline. So, each block in the chain is given a correct timestamp when it is added to the chain.
How does a Blockchain Work?
The aim of blockchain is to enable digital information to be stored and distributed, however, not edited. This is how a blockchain is a foundation for continualledgers or records of transactions that cannot be modified, deleted, or damaged. This is the reason blockchains are also known as distributed ledger technology (DLT).
The very was first proposed as a research project in 1991, where the blockchain concept predated its first widespread application in use: Bitcoin, in 2009. From the past years, the use of blockchains has exploded through the creation of several cryptocurrencies, decentralized finance (Defi) applications, non -fungible tokens (NFTs), and smart contacts.
Blockchain Decentralization
Blockchain gives access to the data held in the database to be laid out among several network nodes at multiple places. It not only builds monotony, however, also maintains the dedication of the data stored therein - In case someone tries to fix a record on an occasion of the database, whereas the other nodes would not be adjusted and this is how it prevents a bad actor from doing so.
Governance in the Blockchain Economy: A Framework and Research Agenda. Roman...eraser Juan José Calderón
ABSTRACT
Blockchain technology is often referred to as a groundbreaking innovation and the harbinger of a new economic era. Blockchains may be capable of engendering a new type of economic system: the blockchain economy. In the blockchain economy, agreed-upon transactions would be enforced autonomously, following rules defined by smart contracts. The blockchain economy would manifest itself in a new form of organizational design—decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO)—which are organizations with governance rules specified in the blockchain. We discuss the blockchain economy along dimensions defined in the IT governance literature: decision rights, accountability, and incentives. Our case study of a DAO illustrates that governance in the blockchain economy may depart radically from established notions of governance. Using the three governance dimensions, we propose a novel IT governance framework and a research agenda for governance in the blockchain economy. We challenge common assumptions in the blockchain discourse, and propose promising information systems research related to these assumptions.
Similar to Blockchain for science and knowledge creation. A technical fix to the reproducibility crisis? (20)
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Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias
digitales docentes mediante juicio de expertos
según el Marco DigCompEdu.
Julio Cabero-Almenara
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
cabero@us.es
Julio Barroso--‐Osuna
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
jbarroso@us.es
Antonio Palacios--‐Rodríguez
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
aprodriguez@us.es
Carmen Llorente--‐Cejudo
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
karen@us.es
This document announces a special issue of the journal "Comunicar" on hate speech in communication. It provides details such as the issue date, submission deadline, thematic editors, and scope. The scope describes hate speech and calls for research analyzing hate speech messages, backgrounds, and intervention strategies. The document lists descriptive keywords and questions to guide submitted papers. It introduces the three thematic editors and provides their backgrounds and research interests related to communication, media, and online environments. Submission guidelines and relevant website links are also included.
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Proposal for a
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LEGISLATIVE ACTS
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Ética y Revolución Digital
Revista Diecisiete nº 4 2021. Investigación Interdisciplinar para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
PANORAMA
Ética y Derecho en la Revolución Digital
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artículoS
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Aprendizaje-Servicio y Agenda 2030 en la formación de ingenieros de la tecnología inteligente
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Tecnología Humanitaria como catalizadora de una nueva arquitectura de Acción Exterior en España: Horizonte 2030
Raquel Esther Jorge Ricart
Revolución digital, tecnooptimismo y educación
Ricardo Riaza
Desafíos éticos en la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a los sistemas de defensa
Juan A. Moliner González
notas y colaboraciones
Hacerse viral: las actividades artísticas y su respuesta ante los retos que impone la transformación digital
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Salud digital: una oportunidad y un imperativo ético
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An ethical and sustainable future of work
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#StopBigTechGoverningBigTech: More than 170 Civil Society Groups Worldwide Oppose Plans for a
Big Tech Dominated Body for Global Digital Governance.
Not only in developing countries but also in the US and EU, calls for stronger regulation of Big Tech
are rising. At the precise point when we should be shaping global norms to regulate Big Tech, plans
have emerged for an ‘empowered’ global digital governance body that will evidently be dominated
by Big Tech. Adding vastly to its already overweening power, this new Body would help Big Tech
resist effective regulation, globally and at national levels. Indeed, we face the unbelievable prospect
of ‘a Big Tech led body for Global Governance of Big Tech’.
Este documento presenta un pacto por la ciencia y la innovación en España. Propone aumentar la inversión pública en I+D+I gradualmente hasta alcanzar el 1.25% del PIB en 2030 para alcanzar los niveles de inversión de la UE. También compromete dotar de autonomía a las entidades financiadoras de I+D+I y consolidar una carrera pública estable para los investigadores.
The document announces the expert panel members of the European Blockchain Observatory and Forum. It lists over 100 experts from academia and industry across Europe who will advise on strengthening the European blockchain ecosystem. The experts come from a variety of backgrounds including law, technology, finance, government, and consulting.
Desigualdades educativas derivadas del COVID-19 desde una perspectiva feminis...eraser Juan José Calderón
Desigualdades educativas derivadas del COVID-19 desde una perspectiva feminista. Análisis de los discursos de profesionales de la educación madrileña.
Melani Penna Tosso * Mercedes Sánchez SáinzCristina Mateos CasadoUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, España
Objetivos: Especificar las principales dificultades percibidas por las profesoras y los departamentos y equipos de orientación en relación con la atención a las diversidades en la actual situación de pandemia generada por el COVID-19. Exponer las prácticas educativas implementadas por dichas profesionales para disminuir las desigualdades. Visibilizar desigualdades de género que se dan en el ámbito educativo, relacionadas con la situación de pandemia entre el alumnado, el profesorado y las familias, desde una perspectiva feminista. Analizar las propuestas de cambio que proponen estas profesionales de la educación ante posibles repeticiones de situaciones de emergencia similares.
Resultados: Los docentes se han visto sobrecargados por el trabajo en confinamiento, en general el tiempo de trabajo ha tomado las casas, los espacios familiares, el tiempo libre y los fines de semana. Las profesionales entrevistadas se ven obligadas a una conexión permanente, sin limitación horaria y con horarios condicionados por las familias del alumnado. Se distinguen dos períodos bien diferenciados, en que los objetivos pasaron de ser emocionales a académicos. Como problemática general surge la falta de coordinación dentro los centros educativos.
Método: Análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas a través de la metodología de análisis crítico de discurso.
Fuente de datos: Entrevistas
Autores: Melani Penna Tosso, Mercedes Sánchez Sáinz y Cristina Mateos Casado
Año: 2020
Institución: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
País al que refiere el análisis: España
Tipo de publicación: Revista arbitrada
"Experiencias booktuber: Más allá del libro y de la pantalla"
Maria Del Mar Suárez
Cristina Alcaraz Andreu
University of Barcelona
2020, R. Roig-Vila (Coord.), J. M. Antolí Martínez & R. Díez Ros (Eds.), XARXES-INNOVAESTIC 2020. Llibre d’actes / REDES-INNOVAESTIC 2020. Libro de actas (pp. 479-480). Alacant: Universitat d'Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-09-20651-3.
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This document discusses using one's own thinking as a pedagogical strategy to promote critical thinking, leadership, and humanism in university students. It describes teaching an epistemology course where collaborative dynamics and transdisciplinary integration were used to develop students' cognitive abilities and social construction of knowledge. The strategy began with collaborative practice in the classroom and concluded with students publishing a reflective journal.
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Carola Aideé Silvero
María Aurelia Escalada
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Flavia Morales
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Blockchain for science and knowledge creation. A technical fix to the reproducibility crisis?
1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306107836
Blockchain for science and knowledge creation - A technical fix to the
reproducibility crisis ?
Article · August 2016
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.60223
CITATIONS
2
READS
4,206
2 authors:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Blockchain for Open Science View project
Blockchain for Healthcare View project
Soenke Bartling
German Cancer Research Center
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Benedikt Fecher
Alexander von Humboldt: Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft
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2. Blockchain for science and knowledge
creation
A technical fix to the reproducibility crisis ?
PD Dr. med. Sönke Bartling (@soenkeba, soenkebartling@mailbox.org)
Associate researcher at the Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society
Benedikt Fecher (benedikt.fecher@hiig.de)
German Institute for Economic Research and Alexander von Humboldt Institute for internet
and society
Abstract:
Blockchain technology has the capacity to make digital goods immutable, transparent,
externally provable, decentralized, and distributed. Besides the initial experiment or data
acquisition, all remaining parts of the research cycle could take place within a blockchain
system. Attribution, data, data postprocessing, publication, research evaluation,
incentivisation, and research fund distribution would thereby become comprehensible, open
(at will) and provable to the external world. Currently, scientists must be trusted to provide a
true and useful representation of their research results in their final publication; blockchain
would make much larger parts of the research cycle open to scientific selfcorrection. This
bears the potential to be a technical solution to the current reproducibility crisis in science,
and could ‘reduce waste and make more research results true’.
3. Introduction
Currently blockchain is being hyped. Many claim that the blockchain revolution will affect
not only our online lives, but will profoundly change many more aspects of our society [1–4]).
Many foresee these changes as potentially being more farreaching than those brought by
the internet in the last two decades. If this holds true, it is certain that research and
knowledge creation will also be affected by this. So, why is that the case, and what is this all
about? More importantly, could knowledge creation benefit from it? Adoption of new
technologies is good, however, it should not be an end in itself there should be problems
that could be solved. Currently, there is a credibility and reproducibility crisis in science
[5–14].
In this publication, we will first provide some abstractions and technical points of blockchain ,
then discuss application examples, and finally (or lastly), identify problems in the research
world that might be solved by means of blockchain .
Blockchain the data structure
In a literal sense, blockchain is a computer data structure. A row of data blocks that are
connected through a cryptographic function, the earliest description of this data structure
dates back to 1991 [15]. If one changes the the content of one block, all following blocks
need to change as well.
Blockchain became widely known by being the data structure (= ledger) in Bitcoin [16,17].
Bitcoin is an online payment processing tool that lacks centrality and trusted third parties
such as banks or companies (like Paypal). It is distributed, the blockchain ledger is stored on
many computers, and there is no single point of failure. In Bitcoin, long known concepts have
been successfully implemented together and found wide use for the first time, as they are:
● Cryptographic tools such as public key cryptography and hashes
● Consensus mechanisms (=ways to settle discrepancies within same data sets that
are stored on different computers) [18,19]
● Proofofwork (=methods that uses laborious computer calculations to prevent a
system from being flooded with ‘spam’ or fake identities) [20]
● Economic incentives (miners are paid with Bitcoins) to agree upon the right state of
the blockchain ledger
Bitcoin continues to function reliably, despite several billion dollars worth of value now within
its network. Breaking Bitcoin could potentially make large portions of this money accessible
to the attacker.
4. Blockchain the (r)evolution
However, payment processing is just one application of blockchain systems. To differentiate
the characteristics of the upcoming online (r)evolution from the payment processing tool and
implementation of Bitcoin itself, the term ‘blockchain’ is nowadays used in a much wider
meaning. It stands for a system of organizing all kinds of digital things, be it files, databases,
or assets, in ways that were first widely perceived in Bitcoin. Attributes of this system
include:
● Decentralized
● Distributed
● Immutable
● Transparent (provable to the external world)
Before we explain in more detail what this means, let us first take a look at how we use
computer services today:
For us nowadays, it is clear that whoever provides online services, be it a cloud storage
service, a bank, an email provider, or a scientific publisher, needs to be trusted to do what
they are supposed to do. We know that the provider could technically alter our accounts,
change scientific results, or indeed our emails and files at will. We rely on those trusted third
parties not to do so (Figure 1). Furthermore, we know that once data is digitalized, it can be
arbitrarily changed at will without leaving a trace (e.g. by researchers).
5.
Figure 1: Today the owner (or researcher, academic publisher, datarepository etc.)
has full control over their computer, data, and services they run (e.g. a database).
After the blockchain revolution, this is no longer the case, as decentralized trust
providing systems provide ‘cryptographic power’ to ensure the integrity of a
computer service and authenticity of the underlying database.
After the blockchain revolution, this changes fundamentally. The following things may sound
a bit nerdish, but they have far reaching implications and it is worthwhile understanding the
terms they will be used much more often in the future.
Decentralization means that there is no single point of failure: there is no computer system
that can be switched off, censored, or otherwise blocked in order to stop a service.
Distributed means that there is no single hardware infrastructure holding the service. Often,
this means that a copy of a database exists on several computers, however, it may also be
the case that a database is split between many computers.
Immutability means that strictly speaking data cannot be changed. However, in practice,
this means that data cannot be changed without leaving a trace. Most of the time, this
means that old versions can be recovered and that any changes will be protocolled in a
system. It is like comparing an excel sheet in which values can be changed at will to a piece
of paper. On paper a trace of every manipulation is left displayed (Figure 2).
6.
Figure 2: Blockchain can make research databases immutable, meaning that they
cannot be changed without leaving a trace.
Transparent (provable to the external world) means that a computer program is really
running as is publicised (advertised). At the moment, we must rely upon others to calculate
things (e.g. impact factor) or to apply postprocessing tools to research data as they claim
that they are doing it; after blockchain revolution, this will be transparent and provable to
peers.
In what follows, blockchain will refer to the data structure and blockchain will refer to a
system that comprises the above features.
Blockchain revolution the technical implementations
Blockchain characteristics are being realized through cryptographic methods and consensus
protocols. All of these are long since known, and were initially described to handle hardware
failures, e.g. inside big databases [18]. Nowadays, they are used to provide trust among
sometimes unknown and distributed entities.
7. Blockchain systems rely on many discrete computers to secure the blockchain system and
provide the trust or security that is today provided by administrators (Figure 1). These
computers can be anonymous entities (miners) which are incentivized to do so by intrinsic
value inherent to the system (e.g. Bitcoin, Ethereum) [21]. They can also be defined by a
central authority. For example, the securing computers could be provided by trusted and
independent research institutes [22] or governmental organizations. However, in contrast to
what trusted third party administrators can do today, the blockchainsecuring computers
cannot alter data stored in the blockchain systems in an undetermined manner, even if
someone wanted them to do so. They simply provide ‘cryptographic power’ so as to secure
the blockchain. However, if a certain amount of them are compromised, data that is stored in
a blockchain system becomes completely unreliable and mutable. This is not a bug, but an
inherent characteristic of the consensus mechanisms. If they are selected carefully and
guarded, such an event would be very unlikely.
Blockchain revolution beyond Bitcoin
There are many Bitcoinlike blockchain systems. Focusing on their ‘coin’ aspect, they are
called ‘altcoins’ [23]. Many are just copycats and/or scam attempts, but others provide very
interesting new features and functionalities that extend far beyond payment processing. A
discussion of these is beyond the scope of this article, and would actually be difficult to
provide, since innovations and interesting new concepts are being published on almost a
daily basis [24]. A list based on current market capitalization can be found here. Here, we
will mention some that implement concepts or provide an organizational structure that are
especially interesting for research.
A programming language is directly implemented on the Ethereum blockchain to run
distributed, unstoppable, and provable applications [25]. This includes smart contracts [26]
which can be used to realize distributed, autonomous applications and organizations [27].
Storj and MaidSAFE are also interesting concepts. They can be seen as blockchainbased,
distributed cloud services to store data and files. Coins are used to incentivise resource
providers who provide hard drive space and network bandwidth.
Namecoin is one of the first Bitcoin forks and is purposely built to store keyvalue pairs, in
the foremost case, this is being used to register domain (.bit) names without a central entity
like ICANN.
Steem is a blockchainbacked social media platform that pays internal steem value coins to
content provider and curators (e.g. through ‘commenting’ or ‘liking’ of content). Steem
combines concepts from social media with lessons learned from building cryptocurrencies
and their communities. An important key to inspiring participation in any community,
currency or free market economy is a fair accounting system that consistently reflects each
person's contribution. Steem is the first cryptocurrency that attempts to accurately and
transparently reward an unbounded number of individuals who make subjective contributions
8. to its community (https://steem.io/SteemWhitePaper.pdf). Steem could provide a way to
incentivize scientific efforts within the scientific community [28].
Most altcoins work on their own blockchain. However, to make things really confusing, all
concepts could technically be implemented in one single blockchain, e.g. the Bitcoin
blockchain (For example, the Ethereum concept is also implemented in the Bitcoin
blockchain: here, it is called Counterparty).
Hyperledger project is a crossindustry collaborative effort, started in December 2015 by the
Linux Foundation to support blockchainbased distributed ledgers. The project aims to bring
together a number of independent efforts to develop open protocols and standards, by providing
a modular framework that supports different components for different uses. This would include a
variety of blockchains with their own consensus and storage models, and services for identity,
access control, and contracts.
The scalability of most blockchain implementations, e.g. the amount of transactions per time,
is limited compared to other, centralized technologies; the optimization of this scalability is a
part of ongoing blockchain research. Sidechains are one option (e.g. LISK). Another option
would be using standard database infrastructure with blockchain features on top of it
(BigchainDB).
Blockchain revolution and beyond blockchains
In the blockchain revolution, other systems that show characteristics of blockchain systems,
such as being distributed, without a single point of failure, decentralized and immutable, and
that are not based on a blockchain (the data structure), would exist. Actually, they could
play a much larger role in the long term than actual blockchain systems.
IPFS (interplanetary filesystem) “is a peertopeer distributed file system that seeks to connect
all computing devices with the same system of files. In some ways, IPFS is similar to the World
Wide Web, but IPFS could be seen as a single BitTorrent swarm, exchanging objects within one
Gitrepository.” Research data or publications that are being stored in IPFS would be available
without a centralized server and be very effectively distributed among reusers.
There are database systems that have blockchain characteristics. For example, BigchainDB is a
“big data distributed database and then adds blockchain characteristics decentralized control,
immutability and the transfer of digital assets.”
(https://www.bigchaindb.com/whitepaper/bigchaindbwhitepaper.pdf). Many other companies
exist providing similar solutions (e.g. ERIS).
9. Blockchain and the research cycle
In this section, we collect and propose applications of blockchain in science and knowledge
creation. We organize this around the research circle (Figure 3). Ideas and concepts that are
published are marked with a green X, while ideas that are newly introduced (to the best of
our knowledge) here by us (see publication date of the living doc or its earlier version) are
marked with a red Y. Copying of ideas and text from blog posts about blockchain for science
and its unattributed reuse in scientific journals has recently caused controversy [29]. We
expect established journals and authors to give appropriate credits in their upcoming articles
about blockchain for science that includes all means of current publication methods.
Ideas
● X Blockchains provide a ‘notarization’ functionality. Through posting a digest (e.g.
cryptographic hash) of a text, data, or general purpose file to a blockchain database,
it can be proven that this file or text existed at a certain time point. From this digest,
one cannot conclude on the topic or content of the text or file, but the owner of the
text or file can always prove that he or she was in possession of the file at a certain
time point. The time point is defined by the time the block was created in which the
digest was posted. This concept is also named ‘timestamping’ and
‘proofofexistence’ [15]. One easily accessible implementation can be found here
[30]. Researchers could post their ideas, research results, or anything else to a
blockchain system to prove their existence at a certain time point [31][32].
● X For innovations, instead of sending faxes to the patent offices, one could provide a
proofofexistence by posting it to a blockchain database. [33]
● X Lab books could post digests to a blockchain system to make them immutable by
means of timestamped entries.
Proposal
● X A study design can be preregistered to a blockchain, so that it would prevent the
arbitrary alteration of study design after the experiment [34,35]. This can also prevent
the arbitrary suppression of research studies from being published in case the results
do not meet certain expectations (publication bias) [36]. A registration of studies is
recommend to increase the value of research [5,9].
Experiment / data acquisition
● X Using blockchain technology, data integrity for approval studies for novel therapy
or drugs can be proven to auditors.
● Y All research data that is acquired could go to a blockchain database (Figure 3). All
data that is acquired during an experiment could then be available first to a certain
audience. It could become openly available and could be reused by other
10. researchers. However, this must not necessarily be the case as a researcher could
control who may access the data. For example, they could send research data (or
representations (e.g. hashes) of it) to a blockchain system after initial acquisition,
timestamp it, and still keep it secret up to a certain time point. After this time point
(e.g. final publication), they could then release cryptographic codes so as to make
the research data publicly available. This could address one issue that is a reason for
‘Why Most Clinical Research Is Not Useful’ and could restore trust in research, which
is currently low, because `research is not transparent, when study data, protocols,
and other processes are not available for verification or for further use by others.`
[37,38].
● Y Research data could be acquired by a ‘blockchainready’ sensor (microscope,
MRIscanner, WesternBlot scanner, etc.) in an internetofthings [39]. Such a sensor
would directly encrypt the data (potentially on a hardware level).
Figure 3: Large parts of the research cycle can make use of blockchain (yellow arch);
only the experiment itself cannot. From data collection onwards, the rest of the
research circle would then become immutable, comprehensible, and externally
provable. This would make larger parts of the research cycle open to scientific
selfcorrection and may make more research results reproducible, true, and useful.
● Y As soon as the data is stored in a blockchain database it can be rendered
immutable. This means that it cannot be manipulated without leaving a trace
11. (Published at the same time [40]). This can prevent arbitrary data manipulations, be it
conscious or inadvertently (e.g. by biased researchers). For example, researchers
can prove that they did not drop ‘outliers’ from the initially acquired datasets, or if so,
they would then need to explain as to why they dropped them. Research result
manipulations (resulting from whichever motivation it may be) at the level of the initial
raw data acquisition would require much more effort than data manipulation in a
postprocessing sheet which might only require changing a single digit or image.
This could improve scientific reproducibility and may make more research results
true.
● Y This would significantly extend the ideas and motivations of open data research,
since the integrity of the research data can be proven by means of blockchain.
Data management / analysis
● X Bitcoin and many altcoins use large amounts of computational power for the
proofofwork algorithms. The mining incentives could be set in a way so that some of
it is also being used for laborious scientific calculations [41].
● X The recommendation to reduce waste in science which reads: ‘Public availability of
raw data and complete scripts of statistical analyses could be required by journals
and funding agencies sponsoring new research’ [5,37] could be realized through
blockchain.
● Y The analysis of the data, postprocessing, and statistics can be protocolized in the
blockchain database and proven to peers. Potentially, statistical analyses and other
postprocessing steps can run on a blockchain system and become provable to the
research community.
● Y Above´s concepts allows anyone to propose (and demonstrate) a different way of
doing an analysis. This provides the opportunity for science to act more like a
"freemarket" where there may be a lab that is really good at producing hypotheses
and methodologies, another that has the capacity to run the experiments, and yet
another that excels in statistics (Zach Ramsay, personal comment).
Data sharing
● X Through blockchain databases, data can be stored and shared. Blockchain
technologies can provide a redundancy and availability of data, e.g. IPFS. This would
be a great way to realize open data research.
● X Associated cryptography can assure that the data is only available to certain
people, groups and from defined time points onwards. If subject anonymity is of
concern, this can be organized by means of using strong cryptography, e.g. in case
of healthcare data [42], even without a trustee.
● X Blockchain technology could also be used to ‘store’ grant money for research and
only release it after the publication and/or reproduction of research data/results [35].
12. Publication
● X Publications can be notarized in the blockchain, meaning they can be
timestamped.
● X A decentralized peerreview group (DPG) has been proposed to assure that quality
of research [43] or peerreview can be organized using blockchain [32].
● X Ideally blockchain systems will be used to timestamp and attribute publications
and especially lowthreshold dynamic publications [44], such as wikis, in which every
change can become timestamped and attribute in blockchain (many publications,
including personal communication with Lambert Heller).
● X Publications and comments can be shared on a socialmedia platform and likes,
comments, or other interaction can then result in payout of coins to incentivise
research result sharing [45].
● Y Blockchain systems make it possible to publish research anonymously or with a
second online identity and yet one could still get money or other research impact
appreciation for it [46,47]. This may make sense if very controversial results are
generated and scientists are afraid that this results are ‘too disruptive’. Due to the
fear of suppression by peers in the complex research social network, they might be
afraid to publish such research results or interpretations with their full name.
● Y In the form of a ‘whistleblowing’ function, this could also contribute to the internal
selfcorrection of scientific misconduct. If wanted, publications can be claimed later,
and the researcher can replace a name placeholder with their real name.
● Y Blockchain technology could be used to ‘sign’ anonymous publications with
credibility providing ‘signatures’. For example, the publication could be signed with
‘An english professor in physics with a Hirsch factor of 15’ or ‘A German medical
doctor’. A research institute could issue cryptographic certificates to do so [48,49].
Research evaluation
● X A blockchain (e.g. Namecoin) can be used to register and maintain unique
research identifiers like (ORCID) or links to publications or datasets (like DOI) [50].
● X A social network community that incentives content creation and curations can be
used to incentives idea, data and results research sharing [28].
● Y The quality of research is currently assessed using impact factor and other
altmetrics (like RG score, Altmetric). One has to trust the third parties issuing these to
correctly calculate such metrics. With blockchain technology and smart contracts, this
could change so that the way the metrics are being calculated is externally provable.
● Y A ‘research currency’ as an incentivization system to ‘make more published
research results true’ as described in [6] could be realized using blockchain
technology and without a trusted third party.
● Y Science reputation systems can be built using blockchain without a trusted third
party.
● X As such, a Decentralized Autonomous Academic Endorsement System has been
proposed and interesting implementation ideas and next implementation steps have
been disclosed [47].
13. Research funding
● X Prediction markets [51] to confirm results and to incentivise research could also be
used in science [52–55] and could be implemented on blockchain.
● X Blockchain could be used to realize a `moneyback` functionality for irreproducible
research results [40].
● Y New methods of research fund distribution could easily be realized with blockchain
technology and smart contracts. For example, a system in which researchers
redistribute 50% of their research money among peers [56] can be realized using
smart contracts [57]. Research funds could be sent completely anonymously, without
trusted third parties.
● Y Similar to a DAO (distributed autonomous organization)[27,58] that could
complement functions provided by companies, a DARO (distributed autonomous
research organization) can be used to complement research funding agencies.
● Y Concepts similar to colored coins could be used to relate research funds to some
conditions, even if the distribution mechanism is anonymous and ‘black boxed’ on
blockchain. For example, a funding agency could direct the research funds to certain
research fields, locations, or institutions. Only researchers that fulfill those
requirements would be able to claim those coins.
Challenges
One fundamental challenge of blockchain is the realworld/blockchain interface problem.
How can the blockchain world learn about realworld facts ? One instance of this problem is
the fact that one has to trust the researcher, sensors, etc. to correctly collect the initial
research data. Another example of this problem is the question as to how individual
researchers are recognized within the blockchain world and how their identity is confirmed.
This could be done by research institutes (often an institutional email is used to this end, or
indeed cryptographic certificates) or other entities that already have a large database of
researchers (e.g. online social networks or publishers).
The current legislation did not foresee the blockchain revolution. Many legal and tax
questions remain currently unresolved. These challenges are not specific to blockchain for
knowledge creation, but they also exist in other applications of blockchain technology, and
are an exciting, evolving field.
Conclusion
To make one thing clear, first of all, all abovementioned functionalities and concepts could
also be realized without the blockchain, if all participants are fully trustworthy and would act
purely in the overall aim to produce good scientific knowledge. However, the research world
has so many different stakeholders and developed cultures that might not be in best
alignment with their initial noble aim to produce scientific knowledge anymore. The
blockchain revolution is a game changer and hence chances are that this can be used to
break with inappropriate cultures. Indeed, blockchain technology could be used to ‘Increase
14. value and reduce waste’ [5], by opening the research cycle to scientific selfcontrol beyond
just the final publication and might therefore be a fix to the current reproducibility crisis in
science.
This publication is an extension of an earlier, pseudonymous, cryptographically signed and hashtimestamped publication [59].
The living document can be found here, including other instances and publications of this document. CCBY and attributed 1:1
figure and text reuse most welcome.
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