This document provides an overview of black history in the United States, including slavery, the Civil War, Jim Crow laws, the Civil Rights Movement, and key events and figures that relate to racial discrimination and the fight for equal rights. It also summarizes elements from the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird", such as how slavery and Jim Crow laws relate to the storyline and characters, particularly the discrimination faced by Tom Robinson. The document concludes by briefly introducing the author Harper Lee and notes her novel won the Pulitzer Prize and was influenced by people in her own life.

1. Black historyDone by: Yuan Xinran Stanley 2P330

2. AgendaSlaveryThe Civil WarJim Crow LawsThe Civil Rights MovementMontgomery Bus Boycott and Scottsboro trialsTraits of a true Southern Belle and Southern GentlemanHarper Lee

3. SlaveryWere brought from all over the world, however most came from AfricaMost slave-holders from the Southern State were whiteWere not allowed to read nor write, had to seek permission to leave the property and could not gather in groups for 4 or moreBegin as early as the olden Civilizations, resulted fromdebt-slaverypunishment for crimechild abandonmentbirth of slave children to slavesenslavement of prisoners of war

4. SlaveryIn relation with To Kill A MockingBirdIn slavery, slaves were discriminated and had to follow many rules which white people did not have toIn the novel “To Kill A Mockingbird”, Tom Robinson, the negro, had to go to jail because a white man had accused him of raping his daughterThis shows that slaves and Negros did not have equal rights. In the novel, even though the accusation was false, Tom Robinson still had to go to jail as he was dark-skinned and because a white man had sued him.Slavery and the storyline of To Kill A MockingBird are very similar as they both talk about discrimination, thus I am able to understand the novel better

5. The Civil WarWas the only war to be fought on American SoilSouthern States such asFlorida, Alabama, Georgia, Carolina, Louisiana, Arkansas, Kentucky, VirginiaAbraham Lincoln proclaimed war against the Confederate States of America, the South, to end slaveryLasted from 1861 to 1865

6. The Civil WarCauses of The Civil WarThe South- Felt that Lincoln's presidency would affect their lives as they used slavesThe North- Objective was to end slavery and had elected the Republican Party which opposed to slaveryThe United States of America Union won the Civil WarAbolished slavery as a legal institution in the United StatesBoth Civil Rights Movement and the novel are similarCivil Rights Movement refers to giving everybody equal rights so that no race will be treated as the “lesser kind”In the novel, Negros are discriminated as they are dark-skinned, thus when a white man falsely accuse Tom Robinson, a negro, of raping his daughter, he has to go to jail even though he did not commit the crime

7. Jim Crow LawsThe origin of "Jim Crow" belongs to a song named "Jump Jim Crow“Segregation between the Dark-Skinned and the White-SkinnedBlacks had to go to separate schools, use separate sections on buses, trains and restaurantsWhites felt that it was “separate but equal” treatment for the BlacksThe Blacks were angered as it went against everything they believed in as a race and were discriminated by the Whites

8. Jim Crow LawsJim Crow laws surfaced in the novel.Even though Tom Robinson was innocent and was wrongly accused of raping Bob Ewell’s daughter, he went to jail because he was Dark- Skinned. This shows that he was discriminated as he was black, which is similar to Jim Crow Laws

9. The Civil Rights MovementOccurred between 1955-1968aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights in Southern States Movement and to include racial dignity and freedom from oppression by white AmericansAmerican President, John Kennedy, supported this movementLed to equal rights for previously discriminated groups such as the Blacks

10. The Civil Rights MovementGender equity issuesfocused upon absolute rights such as allowing women to vote, changing social attitudes and economic, reproductive, and educational equality between the genders and addressed the rights of female minoritiesBlack Powerargued for black self-determination, and asserted that the assimilation inherent in integration robs Africans of their common heritage and dignityIt relates to the novel as Atticus stood up to defend Tom Robinson, a black man, in trial as Atticus knew he was innocent and was trying to prove that the accusation was false

11. Montgomery Bus Boycott and Scottsboro trialsMontgomery Bus BoycottWhites were biased in transports. Blacks were made to give up their seats to Whites even if they had a disabilityScottsboro trials9 male teenagers were wrongly accused of rape in Alabama,1931Both trials are similar as the Whites falsely accused 9 Black boys and Tom Robinson of raping, even when they were innocent

12. Traits of a true Southern Belle and Southern GentlemanSouthern Belleknow how to cook, do needle work and have ballroom dancing skillsSouthern GentlemanWell-mannered, polite and respect othersBob EwellRude to everybody, violent and discriminated BlacksAtticusPolite to everyone, even when they call his family “nigger lovers”

13. Harper LeeBorn on April 28, 1926 AlabamaHer only novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, won the 1960 Pulitzer PrizePursued a law degree at the University of Alabama from 1945 to 1949Her characters in the novel are closely related to her friends, neighbours and family

14. THE ENDThank you for your attention!