The document discusses the equivalence partitioning (EP) technique for black-box testing. It states that EP divides test conditions into groups called partitions that can be considered the same. Only one test case per partition needs to be tested. An example given partitions a bank account balance into valid and invalid ranges, with boundaries like $0.00. Guidelines for boundary value analysis are provided, such as testing values just above and below boundaries. Other techniques discussed include boundary value analysis, decision table testing, and state transition testing.

2.  It is a good all-round specification-based black-box technique. It can be
applied at any level of testing and is often a good technique.
 It is better to use the technique informally than not at all, it is much
better to use the technique in a formal way to attain the full benefits
that it can deliver.
 The idea behind the technique is to divide a set of test conditions into
groups or sets that can be considered the same.
 The equivalence partitioning technique then describes that we need to
test only one condition from each partition.
 For example, a saving account in a bank earns a different rate of interest
depending on the balance in the account.
 When we say a partition is ‘invalid ‘,it doesn’t mean that it represents a
value that cannot be entered by user. It just means that it is not one of
the expected inputs for this particular field.
 The software should correctly handle values from the invalid partition,
by replying with an error message ‘Balance must me at least $0.00.

3.  Definition:
A boundary value is any input or output value on the
edge of an equivalence partition. It’s a black box test
design technique where test cases are designed by
using boundary values; BVA is used in range checking.
 Objective :
Boundary value analysis leads to a selection of test
cases that exercise bounding values.
 Guidelines :
If an input condition specifies a range bounded by
values a and b, test cases should be designed with
value a and b, just above and below a and b.

4. CONDITIONS
(Candidate)
VALID
BOUNDARY
& EDGES
TAG
(applicable)
INVALID
BOUNDARY
TAG
(not-
applicable)
Relevant
Experience
Number
should be 0
to 99
0 ,1 –
98,99
A1 -0.01 &
99.01
B1
Year of
Passing
1975 to 2008
1975,1976 –
2007,2008
A2 1974 –
2009
B2

5.  A black-box test design technique where the cases
are designed to execute the combinations of
inputs(causes) with their associated outputs(effects)
in a table format where each column represents a
unique combination.
 The input conditions and actions are often stated
either true/false(Boolean).
 It overcomes the defect of EP/BVP which becomes
complicated when different combinations of inputs
has to be given.

6. State Transition diagram represents one specific entity
at a time
It describes the states of an entity
It also describes the events that affect the entity, the
transitions of the entity from one state to another, and
actions that are initiated by the entity.

7. o What is a Scenario?
o Who is an Actor?
o What is a Use case?

8. Maintains
Database
Withdraw cash
Deposit cash
Administrator
customer
Actors
Use Cases

9. Main Success
Scenario
Step Action
1 A:Actor Clicks on the
Login page of the site.
2 S:System prompts the
actor to supply Username
and Password.
3 A: Actor supplies the
Username and Password
Details.
4 S:System Gets the User ID
and decrypts the
Password. System
compares User ID & the
Password provided by the
user with the stored User
ID & Password. If the
comparison is successful
actor is directed to the
Next Page.
5 Use Case ends

10. Extensions Step Action
3a S:If invalid Username and
Password is given then a
message should be
displayed “to reenter
Username and Password”
3b A:If User forgets the
Password then Actor should
invoke forgot password
S:System prompts for email
address
A:Actor provides the email
address
S:System Validates the user
provided email address with
stored email Address.
If System validation is
successful ,reset password is
emailed to actor.
4a S:If validation is not
successful then go to 3a

11. Thank You