The document traces the history of science collections and services at the British Library from its origins in 1852 as the Patent Office Library through its evolution into the current Science, Technology and Business collections housed at St. Pancras. It describes the founding of the Patent Office Library in 1855 and its transition to the National Reference Library of Science and Invention in 1966. In 1972 it became part of the new British Library and the Science Reference Library opened in 1974. The collections and services were consolidated at the new St. Pancras building starting in the late 1990s.
The 20 Most Beautiful Libraries in the WorldAmelia Baker
The 20 Most Beautiful Libraries in the World
20. Seattle Central Library, Washington (USA)
19. Beitou Branch of Taipei, Taiwan
18. Library of Parliament in Ottawa, Canada
17. Los Angeles Public Library, California (USA)
16. Bodleian Library in Oxford, United Kingdom
15. Marciana Library of Venice, Italy
14. Library of Stuttgart, Germany
13 . Library of the Strahov Monastery in Prague, Czech Republic
12. Joanina-Coimbra Library, Portugal
11. Abbey Library of St. Gallen, Switzerland
10. Des Moines State Library, Iowa (USA)
9. Vasconcelos Library in Mexico City, Mexico
8. National Library of Paris, France
7. UNAM Central Library of Mexico City, Mexico
6. Peckham Library, London, United Kingdom
5. Library of Birmingham, UK
4. Trinity College Old Library, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
3. Sandro Penna Media Library of Perugia, Italy
2. Wiblinglen Abbey Library in Ulm, Germany
1. Admont Abbey Library, Austria
Trove: Telling our stories by Catriona Bryce (Manager, Libraries Australia and Trove Marketing and Communications). Presented at the 2015 Community Heritage Grants (CHG) Preservation and Collection Management Training Workshops.
Presentation given at Digital Humanities Research Colloquium, 10 October 2018.
After the recent fire at the National Museum of Brazil the Bendegó meteorite was one of the few artefacts left relatively intact. Considering the cycle of creation and destruction of libraries from the time of the library in Alexandria to now, how do libraries prepare for this type of event and are libraries phoenix-like in their re/creation? In this presentation I discuss the different forms of destruction and re/creation and what this might mean for the library of the future.
The 20 Most Beautiful Libraries in the WorldAmelia Baker
The 20 Most Beautiful Libraries in the World
20. Seattle Central Library, Washington (USA)
19. Beitou Branch of Taipei, Taiwan
18. Library of Parliament in Ottawa, Canada
17. Los Angeles Public Library, California (USA)
16. Bodleian Library in Oxford, United Kingdom
15. Marciana Library of Venice, Italy
14. Library of Stuttgart, Germany
13 . Library of the Strahov Monastery in Prague, Czech Republic
12. Joanina-Coimbra Library, Portugal
11. Abbey Library of St. Gallen, Switzerland
10. Des Moines State Library, Iowa (USA)
9. Vasconcelos Library in Mexico City, Mexico
8. National Library of Paris, France
7. UNAM Central Library of Mexico City, Mexico
6. Peckham Library, London, United Kingdom
5. Library of Birmingham, UK
4. Trinity College Old Library, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
3. Sandro Penna Media Library of Perugia, Italy
2. Wiblinglen Abbey Library in Ulm, Germany
1. Admont Abbey Library, Austria
Trove: Telling our stories by Catriona Bryce (Manager, Libraries Australia and Trove Marketing and Communications). Presented at the 2015 Community Heritage Grants (CHG) Preservation and Collection Management Training Workshops.
Presentation given at Digital Humanities Research Colloquium, 10 October 2018.
After the recent fire at the National Museum of Brazil the Bendegó meteorite was one of the few artefacts left relatively intact. Considering the cycle of creation and destruction of libraries from the time of the library in Alexandria to now, how do libraries prepare for this type of event and are libraries phoenix-like in their re/creation? In this presentation I discuss the different forms of destruction and re/creation and what this might mean for the library of the future.
Deck for 3 minute talk I gave at Sussex Humanities Lab, Demo(s) or Die: Pecha Kucha, 28 September 2015
Words: http://jameswbaker.tumblr.com/post/130059926372/my-research-in-3-minutes
Presentation by Cheryl Tipp and Stella Wisdom for Sound Walk September on 16th September 2020, https://walklistencreate.org/walkingevent/taking-a-virtual-walk-on-the-wild-side/
a list of the 7 wonders of the world, top 7 wonders of the world list, 7 wonders in the world list, 7 wonders of the world list and pictures, which are 7 wonders of the world, about wonders of world, world 7 wonders pictures, latest list of 7 wonders of the world,
Deck for 3 minute talk I gave at Sussex Humanities Lab, Demo(s) or Die: Pecha Kucha, 28 September 2015
Words: http://jameswbaker.tumblr.com/post/130059926372/my-research-in-3-minutes
Presentation by Cheryl Tipp and Stella Wisdom for Sound Walk September on 16th September 2020, https://walklistencreate.org/walkingevent/taking-a-virtual-walk-on-the-wild-side/
a list of the 7 wonders of the world, top 7 wonders of the world list, 7 wonders in the world list, 7 wonders of the world list and pictures, which are 7 wonders of the world, about wonders of world, world 7 wonders pictures, latest list of 7 wonders of the world,
You don’t have to head to South Kensington for the best free museums in London; the capital is replete with quieter, unique places to explore that won’t cost you a penny to enter. Here are 15 of my favourites, in handy SlideShare form.
The Natural History of Unicorns: Museums, Libraries, and Technology Collabora...Martin Kalfatovic
Presentation for American Society of Information Science and Technology /The Catholic University of America, School of Library and Information Science Student Chapter. April 25, 2003. Washington, DC.
Presentation from a first workshop regarding project "Books Discovered Once Again". Project is financed by Eea grants and executed by the National Library of the Czech Republic and Stiftelsen Arkivet. These slides introduce the National Library.
More information: http://knihyznovunalezene.eu/
Who doesn't visit the museum?Everyone has heard about it and held parents' hands and walked through the aisles of fascinating objects, sculptures, murals, etc and have been in awe.
What is a Museum?
Types of Museums?
Challenges
Case study
Organizational body
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
1. Science at the British Library
- a historical background to the reading rooms,
collections and services
Richard Wakeford
January 2014
2. 2
Patent Office Library
1852 - Patent Law Amendment Act 1852 requires “true copies of all
specifications to be open to inspection by the public”
1853 - Report of the Commissioners of Patents recommends that the
Patent Office Library should cover “the scientific and mechanical
works of all nations”
3. 3
Patent Office Library
1855 - Patent Office Library opens at Southampton Buildings
1902 - New purpose Patent Office Library is built
4. 4
National Reference Library of Science and Invention
1966 - NRLSI opens
Management transferred from the Board of Trade to the British
Museum
5. 5
The British Library
1972 - British Library Act declares that “The British Library shall be
under the control and management of a public authority, to be known
as "the British Library Board", whose duty it shall be to manage the
Library as a national centre for reference, study and bibliographical
and other information services, in relation both to scientific and
technological matters and to the humanities.”
1974 - Science Reference Library (SRL) opens as part of the new
British Library
1984 - Renamed Science Reference and Information Service (SRIS)
6. 6
St Pancras
1976 - St Pancras site is bought and design of the new building
starts
1984 - Construction starts
1997 - Humanities reading room opens
1999 - The Science, Technology and Business (STB) reading rooms
open
2005 - Science Reading Room, SPIS Reading Room, Business and
Intellectual Property Centre open
7. 7
Collections and catalogues
1855 - Patent Office Library collection covers engineering and
physical sciences
1880s - POL classification scheme introduced
1930 - POL card catalogue
8. 8
Collections and catalogues
1960 - Biomedical and earth sciences collections transferred from
the BM to NRLSI
1963 - 1978 NRLSI/ SRL/ SRIS classification scheme
1987 - SCICAT online and fiche
1989 - BL OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue)
1994 - Patent jukebox for digitised full text
1997- OPAC97 web based catalogue
10. 10
Reader Services
1855 - Reference services
1918 - Photocopy service
1972 - Online search service
1976 - Medline via Internet/ARPANET pilot (BL R&D/ NLM)
1977 - British Library Automated Information Service (BLAISE)
1984 - Business Information Service followed by information
services for biotechnology, environment, health, and social
policy
1988 - CD-ROM databases in RR
11. 11
Index to foreign scientific periodicals contained
in the Patent Office Library
1856 - the Prussian Patent Office publish Repertorium der
Technischen Literatur. POL translated it into English and adopted
its subject headings
1865 - Bennet Woodcroft starts Index to foreign scientific
periodicals contained in the Patent Office Library
Author / title / classified - fortnightly publication and 6 month
cumulations with index
First modern bibliographic source in English
“ This knowledge is diffused through so many channels and hidden
under languages so various as to be difficult of access even to the rich
and learned, whilst it is entirely beyond the reach of the operative
classes.” Benjamin Woodcroft
14. 14
A Room near Chancery Lane by Charles Dickens
.
Mr. Woodcroft has collected a valuable store of books of reference relating to
patents;………….. The room near Chancery Lane, opened for the reader's especial
benefit,, remains yet to be noticed. The building once occupied by the Masters in
Chancery, is now placed at the disposal of the Commissioners of Patents. One
among the many rooms in this building is now a reading-room, open to the public
for the study of any and everything relating to patents. A small room it is: much too
small, indeed; but as it is the beginning of a good thing, its gradual growth may be
pleasantly watched hereafter.
It is well filled, and tended by officials, who show the utmost courtesy to visitors
having any reasonable motive for going thither: mere curiosity is hardly a
reasonable motive. ……..This he can do, either by his own researches, or still more
readily by the aid of the polite attendants.
Household Words - 21 February 1857 pp 190-192
27. 27
An Alternative History ……..
And some things that didn’t happen…….
1944 - Southampton Buildings survives a near miss from a V1
1966 - Project to move NRLSI to the South Bank abandoned
1974 - Project to move NRLSI to Bloomsbury abandoned
c1985 - St Pancras Phases II and III abandoned
c1990- St Pancras Kings Library replaces the card catalogue
hall
33. 33
Science at the British Library – a historical background
Alan Edwin, D. & Day, A.E. Inside the British Library / Alan Day. London: London : Library
Association, 1998. General Reference Collection YC.1998.b.4193.
Alan Edwin, D. & Day, A.E. The new British Library / Alan Day. London: London : Library
Association Publishing, 1994. General Reference Collection 2719.e.2919.
Geoffrey, T. & Tyack, G. Sir James Pennethorne and the making of Victorian London / Geoffrey
Tyack. Cambridge: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1992. General Reference Collection
YC.1993.b.3917.
Hewish, J. 2000. Rooms near Chancery Lane : the Patent Office under the Commissioners, 1852-
1883 / by John Hewish. London: London : British Library, 2000.
Richardson, A.E.S. 1984. Monumental classic architecture in Great Britain and Ireland / Albert E.
Richardson. New York ; London: New York ; London : Norton, c1982.
St. John Wilson, C. 1998. The design and construction of the British Library. London: London :
British Library, 1998.
Tyack, G. 1992. Sir James Pennethorne and the making of Victorian London / Geoffrey Tyack.
Cambridge: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Records exported to www.myendnoteweb.com
Editor's Notes
This talk grew out of a reading room tour for staff
Not repeating Sue Ashpitels detailed talk about special collections
Science collections from the start of the BM RR – natural history collections of Sir Hans Sloane and Sir Joseph Banks
Like to work more on this – any corrections, memories, etc ?
> Wiki pages on collection history and historical materials
Useful to understand our heritage – practical need to decode shelfmarks and cataloguing quirks
Aim to collect the historical material and produce a bibliography – welcome anything from old hands!
Science material from early in the history of the BM Reading Room with the collections of Sir Hans Sloane and Sir Joseph Banks
Patent system failing by the mid 19thC; see Dickens Little Doritt , satirised as the Circumlocution Office
Prince Albert active in promoting the foundation of the POL
POL opened in the offices of the Masters of Chancery & the Masters of Lunacy
Previous occupants the Knights Templar and the Earls of Southampton (possibly WS wrote here?)
The first 1855 reading room known as “The Drain”; excessively cramped, relieved by a later extension
For a few years after opening of the new POL accommodation ceased to be a problem; POL subsequently used warehouses across London and the ex- White leys department store
Soon became crowded
New RR in 1880
New building in 1902
PO photo of war damage to SB – reason for tatty brickwork on Staple Inn garden side
Fond memories …..my garden outlook and Victorian sash windows, gas fires, basement floods…..
1900 – 1949 reports recommended a national science library
South Bank site next to the Festival Hall would have been a national science centre. Some stock from the 6os is stamped “South Bank”
I joined BL in 1981 and moved to SRL in 1984
A different world, separate form rest of BL- half a dozen libraries with a common logo.
Staffing 16 SB4s at SRL , down from 23!
Things that didn’t happen! As well as
POL survived the war
South Bank abandoned
Also -
New Bloomsbury BM/ NRLSI library project abandoned – site too small and public objections
Only St Pancras Phase 1 ever completed; phases 2 & 3 abandoned and land now occupied by the Francis Crick Institute
Continuing change at St Pancras - so long in going from design to build that we were computerised were introdthe card catalogue hall was converted to the Kings Library – dificult to rem,eber a time when we weren’t computerised
Estates still refer to Science 1 North & South according to the building plans
From start POL collection was applied including trade literature and trade press - distinct from academic libraries
also included a collection of models of inventions – transferred to the Science Museum
Science 3
Catalogue of the library of the patent office 1898
POL – works received before 1931
Card catalogue post 1930
Collections developed but have undergone many exercises in deletions and transfer
1883 - Natural history materials transferred to BM(NH)
BL first attempt at building its own catalogue (MERLIN) was abandoned around 1980 and MARC catalogue ran on NLM’s ELHILL system; integrated catalogue system under development through the 1990’s failed as could encompass all the requirements of different collection areas.
No fully functional catalogue system until PRIMO/ EXPLORE introduced in 2005
Pass over modern history !
1855
open door - before the Public Libraries Act
open access shelves - the first library to adopt his approach
Index to Foreign Scientific periodicals preceded in 1856 by the Prussian Patent Office “Report on technical literature “ POL translated into English and adopted their subject headings schema
First modern bibliographic source in English – preceded Index medicus in 1879
Author / title / classified - fortnightly publication and 6 month cumulations with index
Not only technical - NB on slide – “Antiquity of man”
Quote Rooms near Chancery p37
Index to Foreign Scientific periodicals preceded in 1856 by the Prussian Patent Office “Report on technical literature “ POL translated into English and adopted their subject headings schema
First modern bibliographic source in English – preceded Index medicus in 1879
Author / title / classified - fortnightly publication and 6 month cumulations with index
Woodcroft - “ This knowledge is diffused through so many channels and hidden under languages so various as to be difficult of access even to the rich and learned , whilst it is entirely beyond the reach of the operative classes.”
Not only technical - NB on slide – “Antiquity of man”
Quote Rooms near Chancery p37
besides numerous models of inventions, which may one day be displayed publicly in the new building now being constructed at Kensington Gore.
Indexes and lists, specifications and lithographed drawings, are ranged around in formidable number; insomuch, that if the visitor desire to know aught concerning any one of twenty thousand patents granted since the time of James the First, he can obtain, if not the specifications and drawings, at least a brief outline of the matter.
Meanwhile in the Other Place …….
Circa 1840
George Birkbeck’s Mechanics Institute opposite
Led to MI across the country, then became polytechnics in the 20c and finally the last cohort of new universities
“The Drain” circa 1865
The new RR - 1886
The new PO when it opened in 1902
The new RR when it opened in 1902
SRIS reading room 1989
St Pancras - 1744
St Pancras – Midland Railway – Goods Depot circa 1930
Midlands railway Goods Depot circa 1900 – Social Science Reading Room ??
1944 – Staple Inn after V1 impact
From “ British Library at Euston – final design report” 1979
NB Explore exported to EndNote on www.myendnoteweb.com – free service