The document discusses various topics relating to financial management. It begins by defining financial management as activities concerned with obtaining and effectively using money. It then discusses the need for financing, covering short-term financing which is used for less than one year, such as for inventory, and long-term financing which is used for over one year. The document also discusses proper financial management during economic crises, careers in finance such as chief financial officers, developing financial plans by establishing goals and identifying funding sources, and sources of short-term and long-term debt financing as well as equity financing.

1. Mastering
Financial
Management
Ratna Gardina
(201350612)
Tamia Shahab
(201350619)
Suliana (201350629)

2. WHAT IS FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
Financial management is all the activities
concerned with obtaining money and using it
effectivelly.
THE NEED FOR FINANCING
Money is needed both to start a business and to
keep it going.

3. Financing
SHORT-TERM FINANCING
Short-term financing is money that will be used for
one year or less. There are many short-term financing
needs, but two deserve special attention. First,
certain business practices may effect a firm's cash
flow and create a need for short-term financing.
Cash flow is the movement of money into and out of
an organization. A second major need for short-term
financing is inventory.
LONG-TERM FINANCING
Long-term financing is money that will be used for
longer than one year.

4. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
DURING THE ECONOMIC CRISIS
Proper financial management during both good and bad times
must ensure the following:
-Financing priorities are establish in line with organizational goals and
objectives
-Spending is planned and controlled
-Sufficient financing is available when it is needed, both now and in
the future
-A firm's credit customers pay their bills on time, and the number of
past due or delinquent accounts is reduced
-Bills are paid promptly to protect the firm's credit rating and its ability
to borrow money
-The funds required for paying the firm's taxes are available when
needed to meet tax deadlines
-Excess cash is invested in certificates of deposit, governmemt
securities, or conservative, marketable securities

5. THE NEED FOR FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL REFORM AFTER THE ECONOMIC CRISIS
At the time of publication of this text, it has been more than a year
since the financial crisis peaked during 2009. As the economy began
to improve, it became apparent that something needed to be done
stabilize the financial system and prevent future economic
meltdowns.
THE RISK-RETURN RATIO
The risk-return ratio is a ratio based on the principle that a high-risk
decision should generate higher financial returns for a business and
more conservative decisions often generate lower returns.
CAREERS In FINANCE
At executive level, most large business firms have a chief financial
officer for financial management. CFO is a high-level corporate
executive who manages a firm's finances and reports directly to the
company's chief executive officer or president.

6. PLANNING-THE BASIS OF SOUND
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Financial plan is a plan for obtaining and using the
money needed to implement an organization's
goals.
DEVELOPING THE FINANCIAL PLAN
Begins with establishing a set of valid goals. Financial
managers must then determine how much money is
needed to accomplish each goal. Finally, financial
managers must identify available sources of
financing and decide which to use.

7. DEVELOPING THE FINANCIAL PLAN
ESTABLISHING ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS
A goal is an end result that an organization expects to achieve over a one to
ten year period. if goals are not specific and measurable, they cannot be
translated into dollar costs, and financial planning cannot proceed, goals also
must be realistic.
BUDGETING FOR FINANCIAL NEEDS
Budget is a financial statement that projects income, expenditures, or both
over a specified future period.
Cash budget is a financial statement that estimates cash receipts and cash
expenditures over a specified period.
Zero-base budgeting is a budgeting approach in which every expense in
every budget must be justified.
Capital budget is a financial statement that estimates a firm's expenditures for
major assets and its long-term financing needs.
IDENTIFYING SOURCES OF FUNDS
The four primary sources of funds are sales revenue, equity capital, debt
capital, and proceeds from the sale of assets.
Monitoring and Evaluating Financial Performance

8. SOURCES OF SHORT-TERM DEBT
FINANCING
1. Sources of unsecured short-term financing
unsecured financing is financing that is not backed by collateral.
a. Trade Credit is a type of short-term financing extended by seller
who does not require immediate payment after delivery of
merchandise
b. Promissory Notes Issued to Suppliers. A promissory note is a written
pledge by a borrower to pay a certain sum of money to a creditor
at specified future date
c. Unsecured Bank Loans. Banks and other financial institutions offer
unsecured short-term loans to business at interest rates that vary with
each borrower’s credit rating. The prime interest rate is the lowest
rate charged by a bank for a short-term loan
d. Commercial paper. Commercial papre is a short-term promissory
note issued by a large corporation. Comercial paper is secured only
by the reputation of the issuing firm, no collateral is involved

9. Sources of secured short-term
financing
a. Loans secured by inventory
b. Loans secured by receivables
c. Factoring accounts receivable
d. Cost comparisons

10. Sources of equity financing
Selling stock
2.
Intial public offering and the primary market
An initial public offering (IPO) occurs when a
corporation sells common stock to the general
public for the first time. Primary market is a
market in which an investor purchases financial
securities (via an investment bank) directly from
the issuer of those securities. Investment banking
firm is an organization that assists corporations in
raising funds, ussualy by helping to sell new issues
of stocks, bonds, or other financial securities.
1.

11. Sources of equity financing
3. The secondary market
The secondary market is a market for
existing financial securities that are traded
between investors. A securities exchange is
a marketplace where member brokers meet
to buy and sell securities. The over-thecounter (OTC) market is a network of
dealers who buy and sell the stocks of
corporations that are not listed on a
securities exchange.

12. Sources of equity financing
4. Common stock
Common stocks is stock whose owners may vote on
corporate matters but whose claims on profits and
assets are subordinate to the claims of others.
Every corporation must hold an annual meeting, at
which the holders of common stock may vote for the
board of directors and approve or disapprove major
corporate actions. Among such actions are:
- Amandements to the corporate charter or corporate
by-laws
- Sale of certain asset
- Mergers and acwuisitions
- New issues of preffered stock or bonds
- Changes in the amount of common stock issued

13. Sources of equity financing
5. Preferred stock
Preferred stock is a stock whose owners
usually do not have voting rights but whose
claims on dividends and assets are paid
before those of common-stock owners. The
par alue is an assigned (and often arbitary)
dollar value printed on a stock certificate

14. Sources of equity financing
6. Retained earnings
Retained earnings is the portion of a
corporation’s profits not distributed to
stockholders
7. Venture capital and private placements
Private Placement occurs when stock and
other corporate securities are sold directly to
insurance companies, pension funds, or
large institutional investors.

15. Sources of Long-Term Debt
Financing
Long-Term Loans
 Term-Loan Agreement. Term-Long
Agreement is a promissory note that
requires a borrower to repay a loan in
monthly, quarterly, semiannual, or annual
installments.
 The Basic of Getting a Loan
1.

16. Sources of Long-Term Debt
Financing
2. CORPORATE BONDS
Corporate Bonds a corporation’s written
pledge that it will repay a specified amount
of money with interest.

17. Type of bonds




Registered bond is a bond registered in the
owner’s name by the issuing company.
Debenture bond is a bond backed only by the
reputation of the issuing corporation.
Mortgage bond is a corporate bond secued
by various assets of the issuing firm.
Convertible bond is a bond that can be
exchanged, at the owner’s option, for a
specified number of shares of the corporation’s
common stock.

18. Repayment Provsions for
Corporate Bonds




Bond indenture is a legal document that
details all the conditions relating to a bond
issue.
Serial bonds is bonds of a single issue that
mature on different dates.
Sinking fund is a sum of money to which
deposits are made each year for the purpose
of redeeming a bond issue.
Trustee is an individual or an independent firm
that acts as a bond owner’s representative.

19. QUESTIONS!!
What is Financial Management?
Financial management is all the activities
concerned with obtaining money and using
it effectivelly.
1.

20. QUESTIONS!!
2. Mention the 3 types of bonds!
A registered bond, debenture bond,
convertible bond

21. QUESTIONS!!
3. What is Short-Term and Long-Term
Financing?
SHORT-TERM FINANCING
Short-term financing is money that will be
used for one year or less.
LONG-TERM FINANCING
Long-term financing is money that will be
used for longer than one year.

22. THANKYOU 