Biohacking, or DIY biology, is an emerging grassroots movement where hobbyists experiment with DNA and biological processes. Using inexpensive DNA parts and open source tools and databases, biohackers can design and assemble genetic components to program cells. While this presents opportunities for innovation, there are also safety and security concerns to consider. Licensing biohackers and providing community labs could help promote safe experimentation while fostering interaction with the commercial biotech industry. Establishing a community biology lab in Singapore may help aggregate local biohackers and support the development of biotech startups.
At some point in the next few decades, the capability of technology could outpace that of life. However, life and technology are not disparate streams but are already starting to converge as high-impact research findings show in synthetic biology, DNA nanotechnology, nanomedicine, neuroimaging, whole brain simulation and longevity.
This document discusses cyber bullying and provides resources for educators. It defines cyber bullying as harassing someone via technology. The task is to think critically about potential cyber bullying situations and categorize them. Examples of cyber bullying behaviors are provided. Rubrics and websites are listed for educators to evaluate cyber bullying and share resources on addressing the issue.
El documento describe la importancia del agua y los diferentes estados en que puede encontrarse. Explica que el agua es esencial para la vida y compone la mayor parte de los seres vivos. Además, enumera consejos para cuidar el agua como cerrar llaves mientras no se usen, usar regadera en lugar de bañera, reparar tuberías que gotean y usar cubetas para lavar en vez de manguera.
Este documento trata sobre la drogadicción. Explica que la drogadicción es una enfermedad causada por la dependencia a sustancias que afectan el sistema nervioso central. Detalla los diversos efectos que pueden tener las drogas dependiendo del tipo y cantidad consumida, como alucinaciones o la muerte. Además, describe los dos tipos de dependencia que produce: física y psíquica. Finalmente, ofrece algunas señales para identificar a un drogadicto y resalta la necesidad de construir una sociedad con valores espirituales
El documento describe los principales modelos de procesos de desarrollo de software, incluidos el modelo en cascada, el modelo en V y el modelo en espiral. También explica las etapas clave del ciclo de vida del software, como las especificaciones, el diseño, la programación, las pruebas e instalación y el mantenimiento.
Jonathan E. Markle has a Bachelor's degree in Professional Writing from York College of Pennsylvania with a minor in Marketing. He has worked in marketing, coaching, retail, and as a writer and editor. His experience includes lead generation, customer service, merchandising, writing instruction manuals, conducting research, and playing amateur basketball. He is looking for new opportunities in writing, editing, marketing, or customer service.
Collaborative Manufacturing and its Current State_FinalJong Ha Lee
The document discusses collaborative manufacturing, which is considered the fourth industrial revolution. Collaborative manufacturing focuses on collaboration between manufacturers, businesses, products, and consumers to streamline manufacturing processes. It can take various forms such as collaboration between employees, in design/engineering, between vendors/customers, and of systems. While the potential is large, significant obstacles like standardization, infrastructure, education, and data security currently limit widespread adoption. The document analyzes the current state of collaborative manufacturing in countries like the US, Germany, China, and Mexico. It maintains that overcoming obstacles through long-term research and development is needed before collaborative manufacturing's full benefits can be realized through improved productivity, GDP, and economic growth.
This letter of recommendation from Rhonda Hardesty, owner of Fantasy Artz & Entertainment, recommends Hallie Edlund for employment. Hardesty states that Hallie worked as an artist at Fantasy Artz from 2013-2014 and was one of the best artists, being very creative, talented, dependable and dedicated. Hardesty notes that Hallie worked well with their diverse clientele, including corporate, private, and family clients. She also highlights that Hallie is highly motivated, personable, organized, and has exemplary work ethics that would make her a great asset to any company.
At some point in the next few decades, the capability of technology could outpace that of life. However, life and technology are not disparate streams but are already starting to converge as high-impact research findings show in synthetic biology, DNA nanotechnology, nanomedicine, neuroimaging, whole brain simulation and longevity.
This document discusses cyber bullying and provides resources for educators. It defines cyber bullying as harassing someone via technology. The task is to think critically about potential cyber bullying situations and categorize them. Examples of cyber bullying behaviors are provided. Rubrics and websites are listed for educators to evaluate cyber bullying and share resources on addressing the issue.
El documento describe la importancia del agua y los diferentes estados en que puede encontrarse. Explica que el agua es esencial para la vida y compone la mayor parte de los seres vivos. Además, enumera consejos para cuidar el agua como cerrar llaves mientras no se usen, usar regadera en lugar de bañera, reparar tuberías que gotean y usar cubetas para lavar en vez de manguera.
Este documento trata sobre la drogadicción. Explica que la drogadicción es una enfermedad causada por la dependencia a sustancias que afectan el sistema nervioso central. Detalla los diversos efectos que pueden tener las drogas dependiendo del tipo y cantidad consumida, como alucinaciones o la muerte. Además, describe los dos tipos de dependencia que produce: física y psíquica. Finalmente, ofrece algunas señales para identificar a un drogadicto y resalta la necesidad de construir una sociedad con valores espirituales
El documento describe los principales modelos de procesos de desarrollo de software, incluidos el modelo en cascada, el modelo en V y el modelo en espiral. También explica las etapas clave del ciclo de vida del software, como las especificaciones, el diseño, la programación, las pruebas e instalación y el mantenimiento.
Jonathan E. Markle has a Bachelor's degree in Professional Writing from York College of Pennsylvania with a minor in Marketing. He has worked in marketing, coaching, retail, and as a writer and editor. His experience includes lead generation, customer service, merchandising, writing instruction manuals, conducting research, and playing amateur basketball. He is looking for new opportunities in writing, editing, marketing, or customer service.
Collaborative Manufacturing and its Current State_FinalJong Ha Lee
The document discusses collaborative manufacturing, which is considered the fourth industrial revolution. Collaborative manufacturing focuses on collaboration between manufacturers, businesses, products, and consumers to streamline manufacturing processes. It can take various forms such as collaboration between employees, in design/engineering, between vendors/customers, and of systems. While the potential is large, significant obstacles like standardization, infrastructure, education, and data security currently limit widespread adoption. The document analyzes the current state of collaborative manufacturing in countries like the US, Germany, China, and Mexico. It maintains that overcoming obstacles through long-term research and development is needed before collaborative manufacturing's full benefits can be realized through improved productivity, GDP, and economic growth.
This letter of recommendation from Rhonda Hardesty, owner of Fantasy Artz & Entertainment, recommends Hallie Edlund for employment. Hardesty states that Hallie worked as an artist at Fantasy Artz from 2013-2014 and was one of the best artists, being very creative, talented, dependable and dedicated. Hardesty notes that Hallie worked well with their diverse clientele, including corporate, private, and family clients. She also highlights that Hallie is highly motivated, personable, organized, and has exemplary work ethics that would make her a great asset to any company.
The document summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of biochip technology. The key advantages are that biochips allow for detection of multiple viral agents in parallel, clarification of unknown diseases, increased diagnosis speed, viral typing, and epidemiological tracing. However, the disadvantages are that early biochip fabrication methods had limitations in achieving high density and mass production.
Please enjoy the latest issue of our weekly Newsletter. Disfruten la última edición de nuestro Boletin semanal. Desfrute da mais recente edição da nossa Newsletter semanal.
What is Biological Computing And How It Will Change Our WorldBernard Marr
Biological computers use living cells instead of electronics for processing data. They use chemical inputs and molecules like DNA and proteins. While still basic, researchers have programmed cells to complete logic gates. Biological computers could be mass-produced cheaply and may be more reliable than electronic computers. Challenges include that cells may react unpredictably and biological computing combines biology and computer science in new ways. Today, some companies are using techniques like CRISPR to program cells for tasks like disease detection and treatment.
Martin Malthe Borch presented on hacker culture and do-it-yourself biology. He discussed the rise of internet and hacker culture from early computer research. This led to open source software and hardware like Arduino. Hacker spaces like Labitat in Copenhagen provide resources for makers and hackers. DIY biology communities like Biologigaragen do open access science experiments. They build low-cost lab equipment and share knowledge. Borch promotes open innovation to change industries like pharma and banking through citizen science and new business models.
1. Synthetic biology enables the extreme genetic engineering of lifeforms through techniques like designing DNA, splicing genes, and synthesizing genomes.
2. There are concerns about potential misuse for biowarfare and rapid digital biopiracy that can bypass traditional benefit-sharing systems.
3. As synthetic biology advances, it may allow for the mass construction of new lifeforms and genomes at an unprecedented scale and speed, with uncertain and potentially dangerous implications.
Maker - EDU: Learning Biotech by doing in a DiyBio Spaceron shigeta
1) Berkeley BioLabs is a community biotech lab that provides hands-on biotech education and resources for people of all experience levels.
2) In the past summer, over 15 volunteers with varying degrees of experience worked on graduate-level molecular biology techniques and open source biotech projects.
3) The lab aims to make biotechnology more accessible by developing open source lab equipment and sharing their educational resources and workshops with teachers, students, and DIYbio groups.
The document discusses the open source model used in the Human Genome Project and the emerging field of bioinformatics. It describes how the human genome was mapped and sequenced through an international collaboration between research centers around the world. Open source tools like Linux were crucial for assembling and analyzing the genome. The document also discusses how some early bioinformatics programs went commercial but have since been replaced by free and open source alternatives developed by academics.
Biochips are microprocessor chips used in biology that allow many biological tests to be performed simultaneously on a single chip. The concept was developed in the 1980s by Fred Sanger and Walter Gilbert. A biochip typically consists of a transponder that receives and transmits signals and a reader that decodes the signals. Biochips have applications in areas like medicine, identification, financial transactions, and e-commerce. While biochips are still an emerging technology in India, they could potentially replace documents like ID cards and passports. However, challenges remain regarding the availability, costs, and standardization of biochip technology.
Democratising biodiversity and genomics research: open and citizen science to...GigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
Scott Edmunds at the China National GeneBank Youth Biodiversity MegaData Forum: Democratising biodiversity and genomics research: open and citizen science to build trust and fill the data gaps. 18th December 2018
Everyday technology is becoming more and more advanced and innovation our everyday lives. A technology sector taking the world by storm is biotechnology. For those who don’t know, biotech is the reading and writing of DNA code. Biotech potentially has the power to replace fossil fuels and forever change our day-to-day lives.
Scott Edmunds, ReCon 2015: Beyond Dead Trees, Publishing Digital Research Obj...GigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
The document discusses problems with the current scholarly publishing and incentive systems, including a lack of access to supporting data and computational methods, "gaming" of the peer review system through fake journals and referees, and increasing retractions over time. It proposes that new incentives are needed to reward open data sharing, transparent methods, reproducible research objects, and other practices that improve verification and reuse of findings. The GigaScience journal and associated platforms aim to address these issues through data publishing, open review, and integrated sharing of datasets, software, workflows and results.
Biocomputing is an interdisciplinary research area which combines biology, computer science, and engineering. It is the process of building computers that use biological materials. It uses systems of biologically derived molecules, such as proteins and DNA, to perform computational calculations. This paper provides a brief introduction to biocomputing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Nana K. Ampah | Sarhan M. Musa "Biocomputing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18825.pdf
The 2016 UofT BioHacks event was held from March 12-13 at the Bahen Center for Information Technology. There were 432 registrants but only 154 individuals from 42 teams were accepted due to space limitations. The event featured keynote speakers on deep learning methods for detecting genomic mutations and computational annotation of phage genes. Workshops were held on bioinformatics tools and Synaptive Medical also presented. The top three teams received prizes, with the first place team creating a model of genetic circuits using an API. UofT BioHacks 2016 was sponsored by Ontario Genomics, Synaptive Medical, Array Systems Computing, Nymi, and The Entrepreneurship Hatchery.
Biochips & microarray technology consists of the following key points:
Biochips are miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. They contain individual sensors to detect defects. Biochips have components like a computer microchip, antenna coil, and capacitor encapsulated in glass.
Biochips have applications in genomics, proteomics, cellomics, and bio-diagnostics like disease diagnosis. They allow researchers to quickly screen large numbers of samples.
Advantages of biochips include their small size, ability to perform fast reactions, increase diagnosis speed, and ease of use. Limitations include difficulty producing at high density and lack of standardization. Overall, biochips promise to
BioinformaticsPurpose Bioinformatics is the combination of comp.docxrichardnorman90310
Bioinformatics
Purpose: Bioinformatics is the combination of computer science and biology which used various methods of storing and retrieving the biological data which have pros and cons, scientists are able to discover new information on various diseases, its mutation, it helps in differentiating one organism from another by analyzing their genetic data, biological development and will stop various crimes, disadvantages and develops the algorithm that helps in measuring the sequence similarity.
1. Introduction: Bioinformatics is a field which include molecular biology, statistics, issues, computer problems, and extensive mathematics complex problem. It has two stages deliberately gather various insights from the natural information and to make a computational model. It can be found in the study area of precision and preventive medicine.
0. Background info on of bioinformaticsComment by R Daniel Creider: A, B, C and D are not a part of the introduction. The outline is not organized correctly
0. How to approach bioinformatics?
1. Goals of Bioinformatics
0. Development of efficient algorithms
0. Extension of experimental data by predictions
1. Advantages of bioinformatics
1. World is getting information on new discovery and crimes are prevented
1. Discover new information on various diseases
1. How organisms mutate
1. How it analyses data to differentiate one organism from another
1. Disadvantages of bioinformatics
2. Data manipulation, complexity, lack of well-trained manpower to use the software
2. Misuse of the information
0. Problems behinds it
0. Data about the genetic information lack proper analyzed
0. Importance of Bioinformatics
3. Genetic research
0. Genomics and proteomics
1.
Solution
of the problem
1. Use software wisely
1. Decrease its complexity
1. Future of the bioinformatics
2. Bioinformatics is the present and future of biotechnology
0. Use for research and exchange information for comparison, storage and analysis
BIOINFORMATICS: A Technical Report
Texas A&M University-Commerce
Bishow KunwarComment by R Daniel Creider: Your name comes before the name of the University.
Abstract
The main aim of Bioinformatics is to improve the various methods of storing, retrieving and organizing the biological data by critically evaluating the data. The effectiveness of bi informatics in the field of genetics and genomics is playing its part in a way that particularly in textual mining of biological development. Bioinformatics is the application which is the mix of two fields (software engineering and science). It is a field that includes different things like sub-atomic science, measurement issues, software engineering issues, and broad arithmetic complex issues.
Keywords; Bioinformatics, Genetic, Genomic, Biological Development
Introduction:
Bioinformatics is the application which is the combination of two fields (computer science and biology). It is a field that involves multiple things like molecular .
BioinformaticsPurpose Bioinformatics is the combination of comp.docxjasoninnes20
Bioinformatics
Purpose: Bioinformatics is the combination of computer science and biology which used various methods of storing and retrieving the biological data which have pros and cons, scientists are able to discover new information on various diseases, its mutation, it helps in differentiating one organism from another by analyzing their genetic data, biological development and will stop various crimes, disadvantages and develops the algorithm that helps in measuring the sequence similarity.
1. Introduction: Bioinformatics is a field which include molecular biology, statistics, issues, computer problems, and extensive mathematics complex problem. It has two stages deliberately gather various insights from the natural information and to make a computational model. It can be found in the study area of precision and preventive medicine.
0. Background info on of bioinformaticsComment by R Daniel Creider: A, B, C and D are not a part of the introduction. The outline is not organized correctly
0. How to approach bioinformatics?
1. Goals of Bioinformatics
0. Development of efficient algorithms
0. Extension of experimental data by predictions
1. Advantages of bioinformatics
1. World is getting information on new discovery and crimes are prevented
1. Discover new information on various diseases
1. How organisms mutate
1. How it analyses data to differentiate one organism from another
1. Disadvantages of bioinformatics
2. Data manipulation, complexity, lack of well-trained manpower to use the software
2. Misuse of the information
0. Problems behinds it
0. Data about the genetic information lack proper analyzed
0. Importance of Bioinformatics
3. Genetic research
0. Genomics and proteomics
1.
Solution
of the problem
1. Use software wisely
1. Decrease its complexity
1. Future of the bioinformatics
2. Bioinformatics is the present and future of biotechnology
0. Use for research and exchange information for comparison, storage and analysis
BIOINFORMATICS: A Technical Report
Texas A&M University-Commerce
Bishow KunwarComment by R Daniel Creider: Your name comes before the name of the University.
Abstract
The main aim of Bioinformatics is to improve the various methods of storing, retrieving and organizing the biological data by critically evaluating the data. The effectiveness of bi informatics in the field of genetics and genomics is playing its part in a way that particularly in textual mining of biological development. Bioinformatics is the application which is the mix of two fields (software engineering and science). It is a field that includes different things like sub-atomic science, measurement issues, software engineering issues, and broad arithmetic complex issues.
Keywords; Bioinformatics, Genetic, Genomic, Biological Development
Introduction:
Bioinformatics is the application which is the combination of two fields (computer science and biology). It is a field that involves multiple things like molecular ...
Scott Edmunds from GigaScience on 'Publishing in the Open Data Era", at the "Open, Crowdsource and Blockchain Science!" hangout at Hackerspace.sg, 23rd March 2015
More Related Content
Similar to Biotechnology the next growth area for grassroots entrepreneurship? The Independent Singapore News
The document summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of biochip technology. The key advantages are that biochips allow for detection of multiple viral agents in parallel, clarification of unknown diseases, increased diagnosis speed, viral typing, and epidemiological tracing. However, the disadvantages are that early biochip fabrication methods had limitations in achieving high density and mass production.
Please enjoy the latest issue of our weekly Newsletter. Disfruten la última edición de nuestro Boletin semanal. Desfrute da mais recente edição da nossa Newsletter semanal.
What is Biological Computing And How It Will Change Our WorldBernard Marr
Biological computers use living cells instead of electronics for processing data. They use chemical inputs and molecules like DNA and proteins. While still basic, researchers have programmed cells to complete logic gates. Biological computers could be mass-produced cheaply and may be more reliable than electronic computers. Challenges include that cells may react unpredictably and biological computing combines biology and computer science in new ways. Today, some companies are using techniques like CRISPR to program cells for tasks like disease detection and treatment.
Martin Malthe Borch presented on hacker culture and do-it-yourself biology. He discussed the rise of internet and hacker culture from early computer research. This led to open source software and hardware like Arduino. Hacker spaces like Labitat in Copenhagen provide resources for makers and hackers. DIY biology communities like Biologigaragen do open access science experiments. They build low-cost lab equipment and share knowledge. Borch promotes open innovation to change industries like pharma and banking through citizen science and new business models.
1. Synthetic biology enables the extreme genetic engineering of lifeforms through techniques like designing DNA, splicing genes, and synthesizing genomes.
2. There are concerns about potential misuse for biowarfare and rapid digital biopiracy that can bypass traditional benefit-sharing systems.
3. As synthetic biology advances, it may allow for the mass construction of new lifeforms and genomes at an unprecedented scale and speed, with uncertain and potentially dangerous implications.
Maker - EDU: Learning Biotech by doing in a DiyBio Spaceron shigeta
1) Berkeley BioLabs is a community biotech lab that provides hands-on biotech education and resources for people of all experience levels.
2) In the past summer, over 15 volunteers with varying degrees of experience worked on graduate-level molecular biology techniques and open source biotech projects.
3) The lab aims to make biotechnology more accessible by developing open source lab equipment and sharing their educational resources and workshops with teachers, students, and DIYbio groups.
The document discusses the open source model used in the Human Genome Project and the emerging field of bioinformatics. It describes how the human genome was mapped and sequenced through an international collaboration between research centers around the world. Open source tools like Linux were crucial for assembling and analyzing the genome. The document also discusses how some early bioinformatics programs went commercial but have since been replaced by free and open source alternatives developed by academics.
Biochips are microprocessor chips used in biology that allow many biological tests to be performed simultaneously on a single chip. The concept was developed in the 1980s by Fred Sanger and Walter Gilbert. A biochip typically consists of a transponder that receives and transmits signals and a reader that decodes the signals. Biochips have applications in areas like medicine, identification, financial transactions, and e-commerce. While biochips are still an emerging technology in India, they could potentially replace documents like ID cards and passports. However, challenges remain regarding the availability, costs, and standardization of biochip technology.
Democratising biodiversity and genomics research: open and citizen science to...GigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
Scott Edmunds at the China National GeneBank Youth Biodiversity MegaData Forum: Democratising biodiversity and genomics research: open and citizen science to build trust and fill the data gaps. 18th December 2018
Everyday technology is becoming more and more advanced and innovation our everyday lives. A technology sector taking the world by storm is biotechnology. For those who don’t know, biotech is the reading and writing of DNA code. Biotech potentially has the power to replace fossil fuels and forever change our day-to-day lives.
Scott Edmunds, ReCon 2015: Beyond Dead Trees, Publishing Digital Research Obj...GigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
The document discusses problems with the current scholarly publishing and incentive systems, including a lack of access to supporting data and computational methods, "gaming" of the peer review system through fake journals and referees, and increasing retractions over time. It proposes that new incentives are needed to reward open data sharing, transparent methods, reproducible research objects, and other practices that improve verification and reuse of findings. The GigaScience journal and associated platforms aim to address these issues through data publishing, open review, and integrated sharing of datasets, software, workflows and results.
Biocomputing is an interdisciplinary research area which combines biology, computer science, and engineering. It is the process of building computers that use biological materials. It uses systems of biologically derived molecules, such as proteins and DNA, to perform computational calculations. This paper provides a brief introduction to biocomputing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Nana K. Ampah | Sarhan M. Musa "Biocomputing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18825.pdf
The 2016 UofT BioHacks event was held from March 12-13 at the Bahen Center for Information Technology. There were 432 registrants but only 154 individuals from 42 teams were accepted due to space limitations. The event featured keynote speakers on deep learning methods for detecting genomic mutations and computational annotation of phage genes. Workshops were held on bioinformatics tools and Synaptive Medical also presented. The top three teams received prizes, with the first place team creating a model of genetic circuits using an API. UofT BioHacks 2016 was sponsored by Ontario Genomics, Synaptive Medical, Array Systems Computing, Nymi, and The Entrepreneurship Hatchery.
Biochips & microarray technology consists of the following key points:
Biochips are miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. They contain individual sensors to detect defects. Biochips have components like a computer microchip, antenna coil, and capacitor encapsulated in glass.
Biochips have applications in genomics, proteomics, cellomics, and bio-diagnostics like disease diagnosis. They allow researchers to quickly screen large numbers of samples.
Advantages of biochips include their small size, ability to perform fast reactions, increase diagnosis speed, and ease of use. Limitations include difficulty producing at high density and lack of standardization. Overall, biochips promise to
BioinformaticsPurpose Bioinformatics is the combination of comp.docxrichardnorman90310
Bioinformatics
Purpose: Bioinformatics is the combination of computer science and biology which used various methods of storing and retrieving the biological data which have pros and cons, scientists are able to discover new information on various diseases, its mutation, it helps in differentiating one organism from another by analyzing their genetic data, biological development and will stop various crimes, disadvantages and develops the algorithm that helps in measuring the sequence similarity.
1. Introduction: Bioinformatics is a field which include molecular biology, statistics, issues, computer problems, and extensive mathematics complex problem. It has two stages deliberately gather various insights from the natural information and to make a computational model. It can be found in the study area of precision and preventive medicine.
0. Background info on of bioinformaticsComment by R Daniel Creider: A, B, C and D are not a part of the introduction. The outline is not organized correctly
0. How to approach bioinformatics?
1. Goals of Bioinformatics
0. Development of efficient algorithms
0. Extension of experimental data by predictions
1. Advantages of bioinformatics
1. World is getting information on new discovery and crimes are prevented
1. Discover new information on various diseases
1. How organisms mutate
1. How it analyses data to differentiate one organism from another
1. Disadvantages of bioinformatics
2. Data manipulation, complexity, lack of well-trained manpower to use the software
2. Misuse of the information
0. Problems behinds it
0. Data about the genetic information lack proper analyzed
0. Importance of Bioinformatics
3. Genetic research
0. Genomics and proteomics
1.
Solution
of the problem
1. Use software wisely
1. Decrease its complexity
1. Future of the bioinformatics
2. Bioinformatics is the present and future of biotechnology
0. Use for research and exchange information for comparison, storage and analysis
BIOINFORMATICS: A Technical Report
Texas A&M University-Commerce
Bishow KunwarComment by R Daniel Creider: Your name comes before the name of the University.
Abstract
The main aim of Bioinformatics is to improve the various methods of storing, retrieving and organizing the biological data by critically evaluating the data. The effectiveness of bi informatics in the field of genetics and genomics is playing its part in a way that particularly in textual mining of biological development. Bioinformatics is the application which is the mix of two fields (software engineering and science). It is a field that includes different things like sub-atomic science, measurement issues, software engineering issues, and broad arithmetic complex issues.
Keywords; Bioinformatics, Genetic, Genomic, Biological Development
Introduction:
Bioinformatics is the application which is the combination of two fields (computer science and biology). It is a field that involves multiple things like molecular .
BioinformaticsPurpose Bioinformatics is the combination of comp.docxjasoninnes20
Bioinformatics
Purpose: Bioinformatics is the combination of computer science and biology which used various methods of storing and retrieving the biological data which have pros and cons, scientists are able to discover new information on various diseases, its mutation, it helps in differentiating one organism from another by analyzing their genetic data, biological development and will stop various crimes, disadvantages and develops the algorithm that helps in measuring the sequence similarity.
1. Introduction: Bioinformatics is a field which include molecular biology, statistics, issues, computer problems, and extensive mathematics complex problem. It has two stages deliberately gather various insights from the natural information and to make a computational model. It can be found in the study area of precision and preventive medicine.
0. Background info on of bioinformaticsComment by R Daniel Creider: A, B, C and D are not a part of the introduction. The outline is not organized correctly
0. How to approach bioinformatics?
1. Goals of Bioinformatics
0. Development of efficient algorithms
0. Extension of experimental data by predictions
1. Advantages of bioinformatics
1. World is getting information on new discovery and crimes are prevented
1. Discover new information on various diseases
1. How organisms mutate
1. How it analyses data to differentiate one organism from another
1. Disadvantages of bioinformatics
2. Data manipulation, complexity, lack of well-trained manpower to use the software
2. Misuse of the information
0. Problems behinds it
0. Data about the genetic information lack proper analyzed
0. Importance of Bioinformatics
3. Genetic research
0. Genomics and proteomics
1.
Solution
of the problem
1. Use software wisely
1. Decrease its complexity
1. Future of the bioinformatics
2. Bioinformatics is the present and future of biotechnology
0. Use for research and exchange information for comparison, storage and analysis
BIOINFORMATICS: A Technical Report
Texas A&M University-Commerce
Bishow KunwarComment by R Daniel Creider: Your name comes before the name of the University.
Abstract
The main aim of Bioinformatics is to improve the various methods of storing, retrieving and organizing the biological data by critically evaluating the data. The effectiveness of bi informatics in the field of genetics and genomics is playing its part in a way that particularly in textual mining of biological development. Bioinformatics is the application which is the mix of two fields (software engineering and science). It is a field that includes different things like sub-atomic science, measurement issues, software engineering issues, and broad arithmetic complex issues.
Keywords; Bioinformatics, Genetic, Genomic, Biological Development
Introduction:
Bioinformatics is the application which is the combination of two fields (computer science and biology). It is a field that involves multiple things like molecular ...
Scott Edmunds from GigaScience on 'Publishing in the Open Data Era", at the "Open, Crowdsource and Blockchain Science!" hangout at Hackerspace.sg, 23rd March 2015
Similar to Biotechnology the next growth area for grassroots entrepreneurship? The Independent Singapore News (20)
Scott Edmunds: Publishing in the Open Data Era, talk at Hackerspace.sg
Biotechnology the next growth area for grassroots entrepreneurship? The Independent Singapore News
1. 10/8/15 23:05Biotechnology the next growth area for grassroots entrepreneurship? The Independent Singapore News
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Biotechnology the next growth area for grassroots
entrepreneurship?
The Independent has discussed the do-it- yourself (DIY) biology movement – the biohackers. Like self-
trained computer hackers, these hobbyists browse online catalogues of DNA parts and order them
from small commercial labs. But can it survive without facilities and support biohacking at this emergent
stage?
Using open source tools like open source PCR (polymerase chain reaction) machines, biohackers can
tweak bacteria or synthesise novel organisms, as applied synthetic biology projects. Biohacking is an
outcome of something called ‘synthetic genomics’, where customised DNA segments made in labs are
inserted into cells to reprogram them.
Process & Resources
DNA parts are stitched together to create whole genomes. Biohacking is the hobbyist version of such
attempts at performing synthetic genomics in a domestic environment. The commercial availability of
inexpensive synthetic DNA parts has enabled this nascent grassroots movement growing in Singapore.
The availability of online genomics databases and open source bioinformatics programs to tweak
genomics data allow for staggering possibilities. Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s
(MITs) BioBricks database of standardised biological parts explains how specific DNA segments are
related to specific biological functions, for instance.
Using such resources, biohackers can determine the specific DNA parts needed to reprogram
cells. They also utilise used lab equipment acquired online from Amazon, eBay and other online
sources, ranging from PCR thermocyclers that replicate DNA segment copies to Pyrex test tubes and
micropipettes.
Other online resources include knowledge repositories like openwetware.org, diybio.org and
dnahack.com which enable the dissemination of knowledge, projects and best practices to the wider
community, from novices all the way to seasoned biohacking experts.
Basic Projects
Many novices use squid genes in bioluminescence projects (e.g. make bacteria glow) due to its
simplicity. Others aim to make bacteria bioluminescent via melamine.
Another popular aim for reprogramming bacteria? The creation of biofuels, whether via algae or
microbes. Recently, Harvard University scientists managed to make use of DNA for biocomputing,
storing 700 terabytes on 1 gram of DNA.
With inexpensive DNA components and accurate databases, genes can be assembled precisely, rapidly
and accurately. It’s entirely plausible to design and develop a medium-sized viral genome in the span of
a few weeks. But what are some of the dangers posed by this biotech movement?
In 2002, US scientists reported in Science how they had stitched together DNA parts ordered online to
make a polio virus genome that could infect lab mice. In 2003, scientists took just two weeks to make
the infectious phiX174 bacteriophage, a type of virus. In 2005? The US Centres for Disease Control and
Prevention (US CDC) synthesised the 1918 Spanish flu virus using DNA parts purchased online.
More recently, in 2008 US scientists assembled Mycoplasma genitalium using synthetic DNA – a type of
organism larger than a virus. MIT estimates put the cost of assembly of the Ebola virus at US$8500
NEWS FEED BUSINESS POLITICS SOCIAL MEDIA LIFE LAW SPORTS SUBMIT ARTICLE
November 8th, 2014 | by The Independent
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(S$12,300), smallpox US$84,000, plague at US$2.1 million and anthrax at US$2.4 million.
Bioterrorism is a possible but extremely unlikely risk. If the DNA sequences ordered are dangerous,
commercial labs must scrutinise orders for large segments. If not? It’s business as usual. But to get
anything viable often requires expertise, resources and tools often unavailable to anyone but
postgraduate tertiary students.
However, hobbyists can order small DNA segments from multiple labs to escape detection, then
compile them to create deadly viruses. Another possibility is ordering key genes and inserting them into
a harmless related virus to turn it into a lethal pathogen. In the future, labs might have to get police
approval to ship specific segments in the future.
A Japanese doomsday cult called Aum Shinrikyo did attempt weaponising anthrax and Ebola. Currently,
there’s no international agency monitoring DNA order streams across labs. However, the EU has
initiated its Synbiosafe project to fill this gap. But bioterrorism from biohacking is a misleading
supposition, like financial fraud in Bitcoin.
Biohacker Focus
The focus of biohackers is not on publishable science but engineered solutions. Generally, engineers
solve problems by bricolage – experimenting with novel combinations of existing, interchangeable parts
to devise a solution to existing or potential problems.
A growing hobbyist community experimenting with different DNA combinations and sharing their
results online allows for the development of novel solutions to problems that large life science
businesses and governments aren’t interested in.
Many concepts are underfunded or receive minimal attention, due to traditional government sources
lacing the funding to invest in every good idea. Also, it’s generally too expensive to pursue every
possible biotech business idea. Many ideas with academic promise flounder because traditional
sources of investment are too conservative.
But often, the threat aspects is sensationalised by the media and played up. Licensing hobbyists,
providing hubs of community activity (e.g. Genspace) and monitoring their activities might be the best
way forward to promoting safe and ethical biohacking, as well as creating ways in which they can
interact with the life science ecosystem.
It leverages on Singapore’s strengths in the biotechnology field at a grassroots level. Y Combinator of
Silicon Valley is now experimenting with biotech venture, when it accepted five biotech companies out
of the 80 startups in its program earlier this year.
Another venture, funded by VC firm SOSVentures, is opening a biotech accelerator called IndieBio in the
US. The next wave of startup ventures may very well emerge from the biotech space, rather than the
traditional ICT route.
What may benefit the community here is the emergence of a community biology laboratory that all
biohackers, biotechnologist and other stakeholders can access, like Genspace in New York City.
Just as the establishment of Hackerspace.sg created a hub and served as a community
aggregator, heralding the emergence of more coworking spaces and served as a milestone in
Singapore’s startup ecosystem, the next step may lie in opening a bioware space.
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Tags: biology, biohackers, dna, biotech, biotechnology, community, synthetic, silicon
biohackers biotech biotechnology Silicon Valley SOSVentures synethetic biology
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