The document discusses UV spectroscopy and the different types of bands that can be observed. It explains that compounds with higher conjugation absorb at lower wavelengths due to a smaller energy gap between orbitals. Four main bands are described: K-band observed in conjugated double bonds with high intensity; R-band in carbonyl compounds with low intensity as it is a forbidden transition; B-band in aromatic/heteroaromatic compounds typically between 230-270nm; and E-band in benzenoid systems where benzene shows a strong band at 184nm.
This document discusses ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. It begins by defining spectroscopy and describing the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. It then focuses on UV-Vis spectroscopy, explaining that it involves electronic transitions in molecules caused by the absorption of ultraviolet or visible light. The major electronic transitions that can occur are defined, including σ → σ*, n → σ*, π → π*, and n → π* transitions. Factors that affect these transitions, such as conjugation, are also discussed. Real-world examples of molecular structures and the transitions they undergo are provided.
The document discusses various spectroscopic methods used in organic chemistry including UV-Visible, Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Mass Spectroscopy. It explains the basic principles of spectroscopy such as how electromagnetic radiation interacts with molecules by absorption or emission of energy. The document also provides details on the instrumentation used in spectroscopy including spectrophotometers and spectrographs.
The document discusses UV spectroscopy and the different types of bands that can be observed. It explains that compounds with higher conjugation absorb at lower wavelengths due to a smaller energy gap between orbitals. Four main bands are described: K-band observed in conjugated double bonds with high intensity; R-band in carbonyl compounds with low intensity as it is a forbidden transition; B-band in aromatic/heteroaromatic compounds typically between 230-270nm; and E-band in benzenoid systems where benzene shows a strong band at 184nm.
This document discusses ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. It begins by defining spectroscopy and describing the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. It then focuses on UV-Vis spectroscopy, explaining that it involves electronic transitions in molecules caused by the absorption of ultraviolet or visible light. The major electronic transitions that can occur are defined, including σ → σ*, n → σ*, π → π*, and n → π* transitions. Factors that affect these transitions, such as conjugation, are also discussed. Real-world examples of molecular structures and the transitions they undergo are provided.
The document discusses various spectroscopic methods used in organic chemistry including UV-Visible, Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Mass Spectroscopy. It explains the basic principles of spectroscopy such as how electromagnetic radiation interacts with molecules by absorption or emission of energy. The document also provides details on the instrumentation used in spectroscopy including spectrophotometers and spectrographs.
The document discusses green chemistry as a remedy for environmental pollution. It defines green chemistry as the generation of new products and processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous materials. The need for green chemistry is explained by new environmental problems, harmful side effects of some chemicals like DDT, and accidents. Advantages of green chemistry include being eco-friendly, energy efficient, producing less waste and safer products. The principles of green chemistry focus on preventing waste, improving atom economy in synthesis, using safer solvents and feedstocks, and designing for energy efficiency and degradation. Examples are given around safer chemical design and replacing hazardous solvents.
The document discusses chemistry problems and solutions presented by B.Sateesh Kumar, an assistant professor of chemistry at GDC(M)-SKLM. It includes 3 chemistry problems involving the products of reactions and Kumar's explanations of the major products formed. Specifically, it discusses hydrogenolysis to deprotect functional groups on amino acids, the reduction of an epoxide to an alcohol using LAH, and a two-step reaction sequence involving a Schmidt reaction and Boc protection.
DIBAL-H is a commercially available selective reducing agent that can reduce esters and nitriles to the corresponding aldehydes. It is prepared by heating triisobutylaluminum, which induces beta hydride elimination to form DIBAL-H and isobutene. DIBAL-H selectively reduces esters to aldehydes at low temperatures through a tetrahedral intermediate. Hydrolytic workup of this intermediate then yields the desired aldehyde products. The document provides an introduction to DIBAL-H including its preparation, applications in organic synthesis, and how it differs from other reducing agents like LiAlH4.
The document discusses sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN), including its preparation from sodium borohydride and hydrogen cyanide, properties such as being a less reactive reducing agent than sodium borohydride, solubility in solvents like THF and methanol, and ability to reduce protonated aldehydes and ketones at pH 3 but not neutral aldehydes and ketones. Main applications of sodium cyanoborohydride include its use as a reducing agent in organic synthesis reactions.
The document discusses green chemistry as a remedy for environmental pollution. It defines green chemistry as the generation of new products and processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous materials. The need for green chemistry is explained by new environmental problems, harmful side effects of some chemicals like DDT, and accidents. Advantages of green chemistry include being eco-friendly, energy efficient, producing less waste and safer products. The principles of green chemistry focus on preventing waste, improving atom economy in synthesis, using safer solvents and feedstocks, and designing for energy efficiency and degradation. Examples are given around safer chemical design and replacing hazardous solvents.
The document discusses chemistry problems and solutions presented by B.Sateesh Kumar, an assistant professor of chemistry at GDC(M)-SKLM. It includes 3 chemistry problems involving the products of reactions and Kumar's explanations of the major products formed. Specifically, it discusses hydrogenolysis to deprotect functional groups on amino acids, the reduction of an epoxide to an alcohol using LAH, and a two-step reaction sequence involving a Schmidt reaction and Boc protection.
DIBAL-H is a commercially available selective reducing agent that can reduce esters and nitriles to the corresponding aldehydes. It is prepared by heating triisobutylaluminum, which induces beta hydride elimination to form DIBAL-H and isobutene. DIBAL-H selectively reduces esters to aldehydes at low temperatures through a tetrahedral intermediate. Hydrolytic workup of this intermediate then yields the desired aldehyde products. The document provides an introduction to DIBAL-H including its preparation, applications in organic synthesis, and how it differs from other reducing agents like LiAlH4.
The document discusses sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN), including its preparation from sodium borohydride and hydrogen cyanide, properties such as being a less reactive reducing agent than sodium borohydride, solubility in solvents like THF and methanol, and ability to reduce protonated aldehydes and ketones at pH 3 but not neutral aldehydes and ketones. Main applications of sodium cyanoborohydride include its use as a reducing agent in organic synthesis reactions.
1. Chemistry of biomolecules-II
Q & A for
PG Entrance Exam
USEFUL TO III BSc
CHEMISTRY STUDENTS
Exams-IIT JAM
CU-CET
PG-CETS
CSIR-NET
B.SATEESH KUMAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY
GDC(M)-SKLM
2. 1. Glucose on reduction with Na/Hg and water gives ?
[గ్లూ కోజ్ Na / Hg మరియు నీరు తో క్షయకరణం లో స్తుం ంి?]
(1) Sorbitol
(2) Fructose
(3) Saccharic acid
(4) Gluconic acid
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
All answers in Red [అన్ని సమాధానాలు ఎరుపు రంగులో ఉనాియి]
3. 2. α-D-glucose and β-D glucose have a specific rotation of
+112° and +19° respectively. In aqueous solution the
rotation becomes +52°. This process is called
[α-D- గ్లూ కోజ్ మరియు β-D గ్లూ కోజ్ వరు్గా + 112° మరియు +
19° యొకక భ్రమణాన్ని కలిగి ఉంటాయి. ్జల ిార వణంలో భ్రమణం +
52° అవుత ంి. ఈ ప్రకరియ అంటారు]
(a) inversion (b) racemisation
(c) mutarotation (d) enolism
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
4. 3. Which of the following amino acid has
lowest Iso-electric point?
[కరంి వాటిలో అమైనో ఆమూ ం అతయలప ఐసో -ఎలకరరిక్
పాయింట్ కలిగి ఉంి?]
(a) Glycine (b) Alanine
(c) Aspartic acid (d) Lysine
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
5. 4. Which of the following amino acid has highest iso-
electric point?
[కరంి వాటిలో అమైనో ఆమూ ం ఐసో -ఎలకరరిక్ పాయింట్ ఎకకకవ
కలిగిని?]
(a) Glycine
(b) Alanine
(c) Aspartic acid
(d) Lysine
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
6. 5. Which amino acid does not contain chiral centre ?
[ఏ అమైనో ఆమూ ం కైరల్ కంిార న్ని కలిగి ఉందుతు]
(a) Valine
(b) Leucine
(c) Glycine
(d) Iso-leucine
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
7. 6. Which of the following pair gives same phenyl
osazone ?
[కరంి వాటిలో ఏ జత ఒక రకమైన ఫినైల్ ఓసాజోన్ స్తుం ంి?]
(a) D-Glucose and D-Allose
(b) D-Glucose and D-Altrose
(c) D-Glucose and D-Mannose
(d) D-Glucose and D-Talose
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
8. 7. One of the essential alpha amino acid is:
[అవ్రమైన ఆలఫా అమైనో ఆమఫూ లలో ఒకటి]
(a) lysine (b) glycine
(c) serine (d) proline
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
9. 8. Oxidation of Glucose with dil HNO3
[గ్లూ కోజ్ HNO3 తో ఆకసీకరణo చంితే ఏరిపడిని]
(a) D-Gluconic acid
(b) D-Glucitol
(c) D-Fructose
(d) D-Glucaric acid
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
10. 9. Which reagent/s can be used to distinguish glucose and
fructose? (I) Bromine water (II) Tollen’s reagent (III) Schiff’s
reagent
[గ్లూ కోజ్ మరియు ఫ్రకోర జూనతు వేరు చేయడాన్నకర ఏ కారకం / లక
ఉప్యోగించవచతుు? (I) బ్రర మిన్ వాటర్ (II) టోలెన్ యొకక
రియఫజంట్ (III) షిఫ్ కారకం]
(a) (I), (II) and (III)
(b) (II) and (III)
(c) (I)
(d) Only (Ill)
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
11. 10. α-Aminoacids are building blocks of
[α-అమినో ఆమఫూ లతో కరంి వాటిలోన్నరిితమైనవి]
(a) proteins
(b) vitamines
(c) fats
(d) carbohydrides
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
12. 11. Proteins give ?
(a) a violet colour with alkaline CuSO4 solution
(b) form a purple colour on boiling with dilute ninhydrin solution
(c) yellow colour on boiling with HNO3
(d) all of the above
11. పోర టీనతుూ ససాం యిీ?
(ఎ) ఆలకలీన్ CuSO4 ిార వణంతో వైలెట్ రంగ్ు
(బి) న్ననహైడిరన్ ిార వణంతో కరిగించినప్ుపదు ఊిా రంగ్ునతు ఏరపరు్తుం ంి
(సి) HNO3 తో మరిగటప్ుపదు ప్్తుప్ు రంగ్ు
(డి) పైవనీి
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
13. 13. The destruction of the biological nature and activity of
proteins by heat or chemical agent is called
(a) Dehydration
(b) Denaturation
(c) Denitrogenation
(d) Deamination
13. వేడి లేిా రసాయన ఏజంట్ ిాారా పోర టీనూ యొకక జీవ ్ాభావం మరియు కరియఫశీలత
నాశనం చేయడాన్నిసలఫ అంటారు.
(ఏ)న్నరజలీకరణ
(బి) డీనేచతురషన్
(సి) డన్నటోర జనేషన్
(డి) డీఎమినేషన్
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
14. 14. A vitamin which plays a vital role in the
coagulating property of blood is
[రకంం గ్దడకటరటం లో కసలక పాతర పో షి్తుం ని విటమిన్]
(a) vitamin A
(b) vitamin D
(c) vitamin B
(d) vitamin K
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM
15. 15. Which one is a test for proteins?
[పోర టీనూకక ప్రీక్ష ఏి?]
(a) Beilstein test (b) Biuret test
(c) Benedict's test (d) Molisch test
B.SATEESH KUMAR , CHEMISTRY , GDC(M)-SKLM