The document provides information about the scientific method used to solve biological problems. It discusses key steps in the scientific method including observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and development of theories. Observation can be qualitative or quantitative. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for observations that can be tested. Hypotheses differ from scientific laws, which are irrefutable facts of nature. The document also provides multiple choice questions to test understanding of these concepts as applied to the topic of malaria.

1. 1 Preparedby; Miss Anzal Faiqa Yousuf (M.Sc. Botany I.U. B)
House #10/C officers Colony Bahawalnagar (Contact # 03338810387) BIOLOGY 9Th
Unit -02 Solving a Biological Problem
1: Which one is the correct sequence in biological methods?
{A}Observation, Hypothesis, Law, Theory
{b}Observation,Law, Hypothesis, Deduction
{c}Deduction, Hypothesis, Law, Experimentation
{D} Observation, Hypothesis, Deduction, Experimentation
2:Which one is not the characteristic of a hypothesis?
{A}must be consistent with all the available data{b}Must be testable
{c}Must be correct{D}Must make predictions
3:At which point biologist most likely to use reasoning?
{A}While taking observation{b}During data organization
{c}During hypothesis formulation{D}None of these
4: A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable means ___
{A}Some observations could prove the hypothesis wrong
{b}Only a controlled experiment can indicate whether the hypothesis is wrong or right{c}The
opposite of hypothesis is tested and proven wrong
{D}The hypothesis is proven wrong
5:What would be the best experimental design for testing a hypothesis that been pants
require sodium
{A}Measure of the amount of the sodium in a few bean plants
{b}Look for sodium in leaf tissues
{c}Analyze root content for sodium
{D}Grow bean plants with and without sodium
6: A gardener sees a large snake nearby. He knows that generally snakes sting, so the
gardener ran away. The gardener did which of the following?
{A}Used reasoning {b}Used observation
{c}Constructed a theory {D}Test a hypothesis
7: A scientific theory has which of the following properties?
{A}It agrees with available evidence {b}It has been absolutely proven
{c}It cannot be rejected {D}It does not need to be altered in new evidence
CH-(02)MCQ’S FROM EXERCISE

2. 2 Preparedby; Miss Anzal Faiqa Yousuf (M.Sc. Botany I.U. B)
House #10/C officers Colony Bahawalnagar (Contact # 03338810387) BIOLOGY 9Th
8: Experimentations is only step of the scientific process, but it is a veryimportant step
because it always _____
{A}gives the biologist a correct result
{b}Ensures that hypothesis can be confirmed with certainty
{c}Gives scientists a chance to work in the laboratory
{D} Allows rejection of some alternative hypothesis
9:Tentative Experimentations of observation is called?
{A}Scientific law {b}Theory {c}Deduction {D} Hypothesis
10: The logical consequence of a hypothesis is called?
{A} Theory {b} Observation {c}Deduction {D} Hypothesis
11: It should be general statement” belongs to?
{A} Hypothesis {b}Deduction {c}Theory {D}Experiment
12: At which point is a biologist most likely to use reasoning?
{A}during hypothesis formulation {b}While taking observation
{c} during data organization {D} None of these
13: In sparrows, malaria spread through?
{A} Culex mosquito {b} Anopheles Mosquito
{c} Virus {D}Marshy areas
14: Ronald Ross performed experiments in____
{A} 1888s {b} 1882s {c} 1884s {D} 1880s
15:It is an effective drug for treating Malaria.
{A} Quinine {b}Theragram {c} Actified {D}Disprein
16:The bark of which tree was very suitable for curing malaria?
{A}Cinchona {b} cactus {c} Pinus {D}Cedrus
17:When a theory is accepted universally by scientists, it is called?
{A} Deduction {b} Results {c} Experiment {D} Scientific law
18: Malaria effects the functioning of?
{A} Blood {b} Stomach {c} Liver and spleen{D} Kidney and lungs

3. 3 Preparedby; Miss Anzal Faiqa Yousuf (M.Sc. Botany I.U. B)
House #10/C officers Colony Bahawalnagar (Contact # 03338810387) BIOLOGY 9Th
19: Plasmodium completes its asexual reproduction in.
{A}Human body {b}Donkey {c}Horse {D}mosquito
20: In man plasmodium multiplies in the.
{A}Lung{b}Blood{c} Stomach {D} Kidney
21:In malaria which one acts as a vector?
{A}Female anopheles {b}Marshy water {c}Plasmodium {D}none of all
22: The freezing point of water is cooler than the boiling point is ____
observation?
{A}Qualitative {b} Quantitative {c} Deduction {D} none of all
23: The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called?
{A}Taxonomy {b}Genetics {c} Cell Biology {D} none of all
24: Man has always been a ______?
{A}Biologist {b}Chemist {c} Geologist {D} none of all
25: Female mosquitoes need the blood of ____ for the maturation of their eggs.
{A}Reptiles {b}Mammals {c}insects {D} none of all
26: The biological method is used to solve the ____ problems.
{A} Physical {b}Biological {c}Chemical {D} none of all
27: Malaria derived from ___ word:
{A}Italian {b} Greek {c} Latin {D} British
28: A single piece of information such as names, dates or values made from
observations and experimentation is called:
{A}Data {b} Ratio {c} Properties {D} Material
29:From the wall of the stomach of mosquito plasmodium migrate to:
{A}Salivary glands {b}Liver {c} Spleen {D} Blood
30: Data is organized in different formats like:
{A} Graphics {b}Maps {c}Diagrams {D}All of these

4. 4 Preparedby; Miss Anzal Faiqa Yousuf (M.Sc. Botany I.U. B)
House #10/C officers Colony Bahawalnagar (Contact # 03338810387) BIOLOGY 9Th
Unit -02 Solving a Biological problems
Q 1: What do you mean by scientific method?
Ans: The scientific method, in which biological problems are solved, is termed as
biological method. It comprises the steps a biologist adopts in order to solve a biological
problem.
Q 2: Define observation and describe its types?
Ans: To solve a biological problem the biologist recalls the previous observations or
makes new ones. Observations are made with five senses of vision, hearing, taste,
touch and smell. There are two types of observations
1: Quantitative Observations: These are considered more accurate these are
invariable and measurable and can be recorded in terms of numbers.
For example the freezing point of water is 0oC and the boiling point is 100o C.
2: Qualitative Observations: These are lesser accurate because these observations
are variable and are not measurable. These observations are recorded in terms of
conditions.For example the freezing point of water is cooler than boiling point.
Q 3: Describe hypothesis formulation?
Ans: Observations do not become scientific observations until they are Organized and
related to a question. Biologist organizes observations into data from and constructs a
statement that may prove to be the answer of the biological problems under study. This
Tentative explanation of the observation is called hypothesis. It may be defined as a
proposition that might be true.
Characteristics of good hypothesis
A good hypothesis should have the following Characteristics
a. It should be general statements.
b. It should be a tentative idea.
c. It should agree with available observations.
d. It should be kept as simple as possible.
e. It should be testable and potentially falsifiable. In other words there should be a
way to show the hypothesis is false a way to dis prove the hypothesis.
Biologists used reasoning to formulate a hypothesis.
Q 4: Differentiate between hypothesis and Law?
Ans: Hypothesis: The tentative explanation of observations is called Hypothesis. It can
be defined as proposition that might be true.
Law: A Scientific law is a uniform or constant fact of nature. It is an irrefutable theory.
CH-(02) SHORT QUESTIONS

5. 5 Preparedby; Miss Anzal Faiqa Yousuf (M.Sc. Botany I.U. B)
House #10/C officers Colony Bahawalnagar (Contact # 03338810387) BIOLOGY 9Th
Q 5: Define Theory?
Ans: The Hypothesis that stands the test of time are called Theories. Theory is often
tested and never rejected.
Q 6: Differentiate between Theory and Law?
Ans: Theory: The Hypothesis that stands the test of time are called Theories. Theory is
often tested and never rejected.
Law: Law is a rule which predict the same result when similar conditions are always
satisfied.
Q 7: What is meant by the word “Malaria”?
Ans: The word Malaria is derived from two Greek Words Mala means Bad and Aria
Means Air i.e. diseases of Bad Air.
Q 8: Define the term Data?
Ans: Data can be defined as a single piece of Information such as names, dates or
values made from Observations and Experimentation.
Q 9: What are Variables?
Ans: Variables are those Factors being tested in Experiment and are usually compared
to a control.
Q 10: Define the term Ratio?
Ans: When a relation between two numbers e.g. ‘a’ and ‘b’ is expressed in term of
quotient (a/b), such relation is the ratio of one number to the other. A ratio may be
expressed by putting a (÷) or colon (:) mark between the two numbers.
Q 11: What do you mean by Proportion?
Ans: Proportion means to join the equal ratios by sign of equality (=),
For example a: b = c: d is a proportion between two Ratios.