Written and designed by: Adeen

2. PAPER PRESENTATION
By MARYAM ADEEN
O-1A

3. BIOLOGY

4. CELL STRUCTURE
AND
ORGANIZATION

5. CHAPTER OUTLINE
 Cells
 Drawing Cells and calculating magnifications
 Some specialized cells
 Cells tissues and organs

6. OBJECTIVES
o The structure of animal /plant cell
o The function of the parts of cells
o Difference b/w animal and plant cell

7. CONTINUE….
o Examining cells/Making drawings
o Relationship b/w structure/function of specialized
cells
o Organization cells/tissues/organ/organism

8. CELL
 A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are
often called the "building blocks of life. Cells
consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a
membrane, which contains many
biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic
acids.

9. CELL
Cell contains cytoplasm , nucleus , cell membrane ,
mitochondria

10. TYPES OF CELLS
 Have Cytoplasm
 Nucleus
 Cell membrane
 No cell wall
 No Sap Vacuole
 No Chlorophyll
 Have Cytoplasm
 Nucleus
 Cell membrane
 Have cellulose cell wall
 Have central Sap
Vacuole
 Contain Chlorophyll
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

12. CYTOPLASM
 It is living and has a texture like a runny
jelly. It contains many sub-cellular structures
called Organelles. Many metabolic reactions
are held here.

14. NUCLEUS
 One of the largest visible organelles . Most cell
have a single nucleus embedded in cytoplasm.
Some specialized cells such as RBCs have no
nucleus. The nucleus controls the metabolic
reactions. It contains the genetic material I.e.
Genes , within thread like structures chromosomes

15. CONTINUE..
 . They are rarely visible. Genes are made
up of DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid). They
control the metabolism by determining
which protein cell produce. A class of
proteins Enzymes.

17. CELL MEMBRANE
 The cell membrane is a thin semi-
permeable membrane that surrounds the
cytoplasm of a cell. Its function is to protect
the interior of the cell .

18. CONTINUE…
 ​By allowing certain substances into the cell
while keeping other out.
 Cell membrane also serves to help support
the cell and help maintain its shape.

20. CELL WALL
 A cell wall is a rigid, freely-permeable
protective layer in some cell types. This
outer covering is positioned next to the cell
membrane in most plant cells, fungi,
bacteria, algae . Animal cells however, do
not have a cell wall.

22. SAP VACUOLE
o A sap vacuole refers to the fluid found
within the central vacuole of a cell and is
more commonly known as cell sap.
o It contains sugary solution and ions.

24. MAGNIFICATION
 If you make a drawing from a photograph
that has a magnification u can calculate the
formulae:
 Magnification of drawing=Length in figure
divide by length in photo
 Always use cross sign and same units.

25. SOME SPECIALIZED CELLS
 When a cell becomes specialized for a
particular function this specialization is
called cell differentiation and is under
control of genes in nucleus.

26. CONTINUE…
 For example:
 Red blood cells
 Root hair cells
 Xylem vessels

27. EXAMPLES

29. CELLS/TISSUES/ORGANS

33. CELL ORGANIZATION
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN
SYSTEM

34. SUMMARY
 We learnt about:
 Cells and their function
 Parts of cell
 Specialized cells
 Cell Organization