2. LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Identify the major parts and the
organelles of a cell.
Give the function of the cell’s
parts and organelles.
Describe cell modifications.
4. CELL MEMBRANE
Outermost part, has the role of protecting
the cell and its content.
Composed of Phospholipid, it is a double
layer of fats and protein.
Serves as a security of the cells.
5. CYTOPLASM
The middle layer where most of the activities of the
cell take place.
It is where the organelles are located.
Organelles are suspended in a gel-like solution called
cytosol.
Also contains enzymes that break down waste and
enable metabolic reactions.
6. NUCLEUS
Discovered by Robert Brown in 1883, it is the vital part of the cell.
It serves as the brain of the cell and directs all of the cell’s activities.
Dubbed as the “control center”, the cell nucleus directs all of the cell’s
activities and determines how a cell should appear and function.
Inside the nucleus is the nucleolus, which serve as the site of ribosome
synthesis.
It also holds the chromosomes which carry the tightly wrapped and
coiled DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the genetic material of an
organism.
9. Endomembrane system
Consists of network of structures involved in
many functions, such as ensuring the
adaptation, wrapping and transfer of proteins
across the cell.
Protein movement is a vital function of this
system in carrying out the processes within a
cell.
15. ROUGH ER / GRANULAR ER
it synthesize and modify proteins,
significant parts in the information of
plasma membrane proteins and
proteins outside the cell.
16.
17. SMOOTH ER / AGRANULAR ER
Incorporates proteins into the
cisternae and transports synthesized
proteins across the cytoplasm.
21. VACUOLES
Is a fluid-filled vesicle enclosed by a
membrane.
It allows water passage freely but retains
smaller molecules within it, and stores
chemicals within the cell.
In animal cell it is smaller while in plant cell it
usually occupies majority of the cell volume.
22.
23. LYSOSOMES
“cell reprocessing area”, where it hacks the
chemical bonds of any foreign substance to
recycle the raw materials.
“suicide bags” because they do self-
destruction in order to save the rest of the
other organelles from being poisoned.
27. GOLGI APPARATUS
Stacks of flat framework which held
several sacs of secretory granules.
Manufacturer and the shipping center of
the cell.
It modifies, sorts, and packages the
macromolecules synthesized by the cells.
28.
29. CENTROSOMES
Assist in arranging microtubules
to be utilized during the cell
division.
Assemble spindle fibers at cell
division and contribute to the
successful outcome of mitosis.
30.
31. MITOCHONDRIA
Known as the “animal cell’s powerhouse” –
role to produce role energy through cellular
respiration.
It is also responsible for the production of
adenosine triphosphate(ATP) – the cells
energy currency.
32.
33. CHLOROPLAST
Found only in plants and photosynthetic
protists.
In plant cell it is comparable to mitochondrion
in animal cells, serve as the site of energy
conversion in plant cells.
The best known for housing chlorophyll – the
pigment that causes the green color of plants.