BIOL 250 Master Quiz

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The study of normal body structures is called __________.
pathology
anatomy
physiology
microscopy
biology
The study of the structure and function of cells is called ___________.
cytology
gross anatomy
exploratory physiology
comparative physiology
radiology
The most influential medical textbook of the ancient era was written by __________.
Hippocrates
Aristotle
Galen

2. Vesalius
Avicenna
The terms physics, physiology, and physician come from a term that __________ proposed to
distinguish natural causes from supernatural causes.
Hippocrates
Plato
Schwann
Aristotle
Avicenna
______________ is a process that submits a scientist's ideas to the critical judgment of other
specialists in the field before the research is funded or published.
Adjudication
Statistical testing
Falsification
Peer review
Hypothetico-deductive testing
The use of controls and statistical testing are two aspects of experimental design that help to
ensure __________.
an adequate sample size

3. objective and reliable results
experimental bias
psychosomatic effects
treatment groups
An educated speculation or a possible answer to a question is called a(n) __________.
scientific method
theory
law
hypothesis
fact
A change in the genetic composition of a population over time is called __________.
mutation
natural selection
selection pressure
evolution
adaptation
Which of the following was an adaptation that evolved in connection with human upright walking?
Hair

4. Fully opposable thumbs
Stereoscopic vision
Color vision
Spinal and pelvic anatomy
A human is born before his/her nervous system has matured. This is traceable to __________.
their inability to regulate body temperature
skeletal adaptations to bipedalism
the arboreal habits of early primates
the conditions of modern civilization
the diet of early species of Homo
Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex?
Mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, adipocyte (fat cell)
Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach
Mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, adipocyte (fat cell)
Protein, adipocyte (fat cell), stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrion
Protein, stomach, connective tissue, adipocyte (fat cell), mitochondrion
An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are
microscopic structures in a cell.
organ system; organs

5. organ system; organelles
organ; organelles
organ; molecules
organelle; molecules
During exercise, one generates excess heat and the body temperature rises. As a response,
blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and heat is lost.
This is an example of __________.
negative feedback
positive feedback
dynamic equilibrium
integration control
set point adjustment
When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates the
release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to
contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an
example of __________.
negative feedback
positive feedback
dynamic equilibrium
integration control

6. set point adjustment
Three common components of a feedback loop are _________, __________, and __________.
stimulus; integrating (control) center; organ system
stimulus; receptor; integrating (control) center
receptor; integrating (control) center; effector
receptor; organ; organ system
receptor; integrating (control) center; organ system
The lexicon of standard international anatomical terms is __________.
formed from thousands of English word roots
called ​Terminologia Anatomica (TA)
called ​Nomina Anatomica (NA)
formed from thousands of Italian word roots
formed from thousands of French word roots
The plural of villus (hair) is ____________, whereas the plural of diagnosis is ____________.
villuses; diagnosises
villi; diagnoses
villus; diagnosis
villi; diagnosis

7. villuses; diagnosis
The __________ cavity is inferior to the _____________ cavity.
cranial; thoracic
thoracic; abdominopelvic
pericardial; pleural
thoracic; peritoneal
thoracic; cranial
The trachea is __________ to the esophagus.
superior
dorsal
anterior
posterior
inferior
The urinary bladder is located in the __________ region.
epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric
inguinal

8. hypochondriac
Most of the stomach is located in the _________ of the abdomen.
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
left middle quadrant (LMQ)
The __________ cavity contains the lungs, which are enfolded in the __________.
thoracic; pleurae
thoracic; pericardium
thoracic; peritoneum
abdominopelvic; peritoneum
abdominopelvic; pleurae
The __________ system provides protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and vitamin D
production.
lymphatic
muscular
skeletal
integumentary

9. digestive
The __________ system regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell
formation, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
urinary
respiratory
digestive
muscular
circulatory
The clear gel inside a cell is called __________.
matrix
ground substance
interstitial fluid
cytosol
tissue fluid
Found in the urinary bladder, __________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium, but the
apical cells are rounded, not flattened.
transitional; stratified squamous
stratified squamous; pseudostratified

10. stratified squamous; stratified columnar
simple columnar; pseudostratified
transitional; simple cuboidal
Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have
__________.
hyperextensible joints
a small cranium
elastic bones
stronger bones
viscous blood
Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________.
fibroblasts
chondrocytes
neuroglia
myocytes
osteocytes

11. The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and
reproductive tracts consists of _________.
simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue
areolar and dense irregular connective tissue
epithelium and lamina propria
areolar tissue and lamina propria
simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue
The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called _________.
necrosis
apoptosis
gangrene
regeneration
fibrosis
Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result
from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are
__________ stem cells.

12. unipotent
multipotent
pluripotent
totipotent
omnipotent
The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to the presence of which pigment?
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Melanin
Carotene
Keratin
The skin discoloration most likely to suggest physical abuse is __________.
pallor
albinism
erythema
hematoma

13. jaundice
Excessive hairiness is called __________.
telogenism
anagenism
catagenism
alopecia
hirsutism
The contraction of the piloerector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in ​humans causes
__________.
hairs to stand on end, trapping an insulating layer of warm air next to the skin
generation of heat to raise the body temperature
hairs to stand on end to make the individual appear bigger
hairs to stand on end with no apparent function
increased ability to feel pain

14. The __________ glands are a source of sex pheromones.
ceruminous
merocrine
mammary
sebaceous
apocrine
hich cutaneous glands are concerned with cooling the body?
Ceruminous glands
Sebaceous glands
Merocrine glands
Apocrine glands
Exothermic glands
Which two strata of the epidermis are most susceptible to cancer?
Stratum corneum and stratum lucidum
Stratum basale and stratum corneum
Stratum spinosum and stratum basale

15. Stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum
Stratum lucidum and stratum granulosum
The most immediate threat to the life of a patient with severe burns is __________.
fluid loss
eschar
heat loss
pain
infection
Which of the following tissues is ​not found as part of a long bone?
Osseous tissue
Nervous tissue
Adipose tissue
Cartilage
Transitional epithelium

16. Osseous tissue is a(an) ____________ tissue.
connective
epithelial
dense regular
dense irregular
reticular
The hardness of bone comes from __________, whereas __________ provide(s) some degree
of flexibility.
hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
collagen and elastic fibers; minerals
glycoproteins; proteoglycans
calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate
proteins; collagen
It is common to find __________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone.
lamellae
osteoclasts

17. lacunae
central canals
osteocytes