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International University,
School of Biotechnology
INTRUCTOR: Ph.D BUI HONG THUY
International University,
School of Biotechnology
Group‘s member
Tran Thi Yen Nhi
Truong Ngoc Thuy Nhi
Nguyen Minh Hieu
Le Thai Minh Hoang
Nguyen Le Quynh Nhu
Nguyen Truong Duy
Tran Ha Phuong Anh
Nguyen Thi My Tien
Nguyen Dang Minh Khanh
Ho Ngoc Thanh Hien
Hoang Trung Van
BTBCIU15058
BTARIU15035
BTFTIU15047
BTBTIU15053
BTFTIU15045
BTARIU15033
BTBCIU15055
BTBCIU15036
BTBCIU15022
BTFTIU15013
BTBCIU15009
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 1
Question: Explain Darwin's
observations and inferences
#Observations 1:
Members of a
population often
vary greatly in
their traits
#Observations 2:
Traits are
inherited from
parents to
offspring
#Observations 3: All
species are capable
of producing more
offspring than their
environment can
support
#Observations 4:
Owing to lack of
food or other
resources, many of
these offspring do
not survive
Darwin drew
2 inferences
#1: Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability
of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave
more offspring than other individuals
#2: This unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will
lead to the accumulation of favorable traits in the population over
generations.
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 1
Question: Describe
evidence for evolution by
natural selection
1. The fossil record of change in earlier species
Geological
strata
containing
an
evolutionary
sequence of
fossils
2. The chemical and anatomical similarities of
related life forms
Section of a DNA molecule
3. The geographic distribution of related species
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 2
Question: Explain how sexual
recombination generates
genetic variability.
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 2
Question: Explain why
natural selection is the only
mechanism that consistently
produces adaptive change.
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 2
Question: Explain the role
of population size in genetic
drift
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 2
Question: Apply the Hardy-
Weinberg equation to a
population genetics problem
- We have: q2 = 0.09 → q = 0.3
- The frequency of normal alleles is:
q + p = 1 → p = 0,7
- The frequency of heterozygotes/
carriers is
2pq= 2 x 0.7 x 0.3 = 0.42 = 42%
- p2+ 2pq+ q2= 1 ↔ 49% + 42%
+9% = 100%
- 49% BB 42% Bb 9% bb
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 3
Question: Define and discuss
the limitations of the four
species concepts?
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 3
Question: Describe and
provide example of prezygotic
and postzygotic reproductive
barriers.
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 3
Question: Explain how
polyploidy can cause
reproductive isolation
KNOWLEDGE TESTING 1
Question: Explain why an
individual organism cannot
evolve
Genetic variation
Natural selection
Natural selection
Natural selection

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