The document discusses guidelines for bio medical waste management in India. It defines bio medical waste as waste containing infectious materials generated from medical sources. It classifies bio medical waste into 10 categories including infectious waste, pathological waste, sharps, pharmaceutical waste, chemical waste, pressurized containers and radioactive waste. The sources of bio medical waste are listed as hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, labs, blood banks and more. Treatment and disposal methods are prescribed for each waste category, and a color coding system is provided for waste containers.

1. BIO MEDICAL
WASTE
MANAGEMENT

2. Bio Medical Waste Rules
• Bio Medical Waste (Management and Handling)
Rules,1998 are promoted by ministry of environment
and forest, Govt. of India, under Environment
Protection Act, 1986.

3. Definition
• Biomedical waste or hospital waste is any kind of waste
containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials.
Biomedical waste is generated from biological and medical
sources and activities, such as the immunization, diagnosis,
prevention, or treatment of diseases. Common producers of
biomedical waste include hospitals, health clinics, nursing
homes, emergency medical services, medical research
laboratories, offices of physicians, dentists, veterinarians,
home health care and morgues or funeral homes.

4. Classification of Bio‐Medical Waste

5. CLASSIFICATION OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTE

6. • Infectious waste: Waste suspected to contain pathogens, e.g.
laboratory cultures; waste from isolation wards; swabs, or
equipment that have been in contact with infected patients;
excreta
• Pathological waste: Human tissues or fluids, e.g. body parts;
blood and other body fluids; fetuses
• Sharps: Sharp waste, e.g. needles, infusion sets, scalpels,
knives, blades, broken glass
• Pharmaceutical waste: Waste containing pharmaceuticals, e.g.
pharmaceuticals that are expired or no longer needed; items
contaminated by or containing pharmaceuticals (bottles, boxes)

7. • Genotoxic waste: Waste containing substances with genotoxic
properties, e.g. waste containing cytostatic drugs (often used in cancer
therapy)
• Chemical waste: Waste containing chemical substances, e.g.
laboratory reagents; film developer, disinfectants that are expired or
no longer needed; solvents
• Wastes with high content of heavy metals: Batteries; broken
thermometers, blood-pressure gauges, etc.
• Pressurized containers: Gas cylinders, gas cartridges, aerosol canes
• Radioactive waste: Waste containing radioactive substances, e.g.
unused liquids from radiotherapy or laboratory research; contaminated
glassware, packages, or absorbent paper, urine and excreta from
patients treated or tested with unsealed radionuclides, sealed sources

8. SOURCES OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE
• Hospitals
• Nursing homes
• Clinics
• Medical laboratories
• Blood banks
• Mortuaries
• Medical research & training centers
• Biotechnology institution/production units
• Animal houses etc.
• Such a waste can also be generated at home if health care is
being provided there to a patient (e.g. injection, dressing
material etc.)

9. CATEGORIES OF BIO‐MEDICAL WASTE
OPTION WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT & DISPOSAL
Category No. I Human Anatomical Waste (human tissues, organs, body parts) incineration/deep
burial
Category No. 2 Animal Waste (animal tissues, organs, body parts carcasses,
bleeding parts, fluid, blood and experimental animals used in
research, waste generated by veterinary hospitals colleges,
discharge from hospitals, animal houses)
incineration/deep
burial
Category No 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste (wastes from laboratory
cultures, stocks or specimens of micro‐ organisms live or
attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell culture used in
research and infectious agents from research and industrial
laboratories, wastes from production of biologicals, toxins, dishes
and devices used for transfer of cultures)
local autoclaving/micro‐
waving/incineration
Category No 4 Waste sharps (needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that
may cause puncture and cuts. This includes both used and
unused sharps)
disinfection (chemical
treatment/autoclaving/
microwaving and
mutilation/shredding

10. Category No 5 Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs
(wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated
and discarded medicines)
incineration@/destruction and
drugs disposal in secured landfills
Category No 6 Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with blood,
and body fluids including cotton, dressings,
soiled plaster casts, lines, beddings, other
material contaminated with blood)
Incineration/
autoclaving/microwaving
Category No. 7 Solid Waste (wastes generated from
disposable items other than the waste
sharps such as tubings, catheters,
intravenous sets etc).
disinfection by chemical
treatment/autoclaving/
microwaving and mutilation/
shredding
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste (waste generated from
laboratory and washing, cleaning, house‐
keeping and disinfecting activities).
disinfection by chemical
treatment and discharge into
drains
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash (ash from incineration of any
bio‐medical waste)
disposal in municipal landfill
Category No. 10 Chemical Waste (chemicals used in production
of biologicals, chemicals used in disinfection, as
insecticides, etc.)
Chemical discharge into drains for
liquids and secured landfill for
solids

11. COLOR CODING TYPE OF
CONTAINER
WASTE CATEGORIES
Yellow Plastic bags Cat 1 human anatomical waste
Cat 2 Animal Waste
Cal 3 Microbiological Waste
Cat 6 Solid Waste
Red Disinfected container/ plastic bags Cat 3 Microbiological
Cat. 6 Soiled Dressing
Blue/white Plastic bags, puncture proof
containers
Cat. 4 Waste sharp
Cat.7 Plastic disposable
Black Do Cat. 5 Discarded medicine
Cat. 9 Incineration ash
Cat 10 Chemical Waste

12. THANK YOU