Bio-Medical Waste Management

1. Biomedical Waste Management
Facilitator : Dr.Dinesh Kumar
Presenter : Dr.Darshna Sarvaiya
2nd year resident
Community Medicine

2. Learning Objectives
To describe the various sources and risk associated with health care waste
To describe various types of waste in health care
To describe the classification and various categories of health care waste
To explain the importance of color coding in medical waste management
To describe the steps in management of health care waste

4. What is Biomedical Waste ( BMW)?
BMW is the waste produced from medical activities
Generated during - diagnosis, treatment,
- immunization of human beings or animals, research activities
- production or testing of biologicals or health camps ..etc..

7. Categories of Persons Exposed to Risk of Infection
Sanitation workers
and environment
Medical &
paramedical staff
Patients &
public

8. Adverse Consequences & Benefits of BMW
Adverse Consequences
Injury from sharps
Increase risk of infection
Risk associated with hazardous
chemical or drugs
Reuse of disposables
Benefits
Positive health & environment effect
Economic advantages

9. Types of Biomedical Waste
Infectious
waste
Pathological
waste
Sharp
waste
Chemical
waste
Pharmaceutical
waste
Cytotoxic
waste
Radioactive
waste

10. 1. Infectious Waste
Waste contaminated with blood and other body fluids
- From discarded diagnostic sample
Cultures of infectious agents from lab. work
Waste from patients with infections
- swabs, bandages, and disposable medical devices

11. 2. Pathological Waste
Human tissues, organs or fluids, body
parts and contaminated animal
carcasses

12. 3. Chemical Waste
Solvents and reagents used for laboratory
preparations, disinfectants, sterilants and
heavy metals contained in medical
device and batteries
e.g. Mercury in broken thermometers

13. Product contaminated by
radionuclides
Expired, unused drugs
and vaccines
Needles, disposal
scalpels and blades
etc..
4.Sharp, Pharmaceutical & Radioactive
Sharp waste Pharmaceutical waste Radioactive waste

14. Waste that does not pose any particular
biological, chemical, radioactive or
physical hazard
Cytotoxic drugs used in cancer
treatment
e.g. Teratogenic, carcinogenic
5. Cytotoxic and Non-hazardous waste
Cytotoxic waste Non-hazardous waste

15. Waste Categories Types of waste
Category no. 1 Human anatomical waste ( Human tissues, organs, body parts)
Category no. 2 Animal Waste (Animal tissues, organs, body parts, carcasses, bleeding parts, blood)
Category no. 3 Microbiological and biotechnological waste ( Waste from laboratory cultures, stocks or
specimen of organism)
Category no. 4 Waste sharps ( Needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass etc.. That may cause puncture and
cuts)
Category no. 5 Discarded medicines, cytotoxic waste ( Wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated,
discarded medicines)
Category no. 6 Solid waste (Items contaminated with body fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster
casts)
Category no. 7 Solid waste ( Waste generated from disposal items as tubing, catheters, intravenous set)
Category no. 8 Liquid waste ( Waste generated from the laboratory and washing, cleaning)
Category no. 9 Incineration waste( Ash from incineration of any biomedical waste)
Category no. 10 Chemical waste (Chemicals used in production of biological, chemical used in disinfecting)

17. Category Type of waste
Yellow • Human Anatomical waste, Animal Anatomical waste ,
• Soiled Waste(item contaminated with blood, body fluids like dressing, plaster cast, cotton swab and
bags containing residual or discarded blood and blood components)
• Chemical waste( discarded disinfectants)
• Discarded linen, mattresses, beddings contaminated with blood or body fluid, routine mask & gown
• Microbiology and other clinical laboratory waste( Blood bags, lab.cultures,residual toxins)
• Discarded or Expired Medicine
Red • Waste generated from disposable items such as intravenous tubes and sets, catheters, urine bags
Syringes, vacutainers and gloves
White • Waste sharps including metals
Needle syringes with fixed needles, needles from needle tip cutter, scalpels, blades, or any other
contaminated sharp object that may cause puncture and cuts.
This includes both used, discarded and contaminated metal sharps
Blue • Broken or discarded and contaminated glass including medicines vials and ampules
Except those contaminated with cytotoxic wastes

18. Segregation of BMW in Colour Coded Bags
Human & animal tissues, organs & body parts, Non plastic -non glass items contaminated with blood &
body fluids(dressing material, linen), Microbiological waste, Pharmaceutical, disposable gowns & masks
Yellow
Red
White
Blue
Office papers, Paper cups, tissue paper, Kitchen waste, packing material
Black
Plastic waste such as Intravenous cannula and sets, catheters, urine bags, syringes and vacutainers
and gloves
Sharp waste including metals like Needles, Syringes with fixed needles, scalpels, blades etc..
All intact / broken contaminated / uncontaminated glasswares like medicines vials & ampules

19. Collection
Collection : Sanitary worker
Bags should be filled only 3/4th with BMW  sealed with plastic tag
Never be stapled  To avoid risk of tear
Supervised name of ward, weighing & recording
Daily record is mandatory
Bio hazard / cytotoxic symbol

20. Transport
The waste carrying vehicle must not be
used for any purpose
Proper locking system( closed trolley) must
be available
Transportation does not occur through
high risk area

21. Storage
Storage area: away from public access, flooring should be of tiles, adequate water
supply
Untreated biomedical waste should not be stored more than 48 hours

22. Colour
Code
Type of bag container Type of waste Treatment option
Yellow
Human anatomical waste
Animal anatomical waste
Solid waste
Expired medicines or
discarded medicines
Chemical waste
Incineration
or
Plasma pyrolysis
Chemical liquid waste
Discarded linen, mattresses,
beddings contaminated with
blood or body fluids , Routine
mask & gown
Microbiology, Biotechnology
and other clinical laboratory

23. Colour code Type of Bag /Container Type of waste Treatment option
Red Contaminated waste
(Recyclable)
Autoclaving or
micro-waving
followed by
shredding
White Waste sharps
Including metals
Sharp pit

24. Colour code Type of Bag /Container Type of waste Treatment option
Blue Glassware
Metallic body implant
Disinfection and
then sent for
recycle
Black Office paper, paper cups, tissue
paper, kitchen waste, packing
materials
Disposal in land
fields

26. Summary
Bio-medical waste generated from the hospitals and all other source will be without
polluting the environment
All above treatment and disposal process is done within the norms of CPCB guidelines
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social
responsibility
Deadly health hazards: leading to infections / injuries to people handling as well
danger to others
Bio-medical waste programme cannot be successfully implanted without the
willingness, self-motivation and co-operation

27. Thank You…..!!