The document discusses the Big Five personality model, which describes five broad personality traits: Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion. Each trait is defined in terms of tendencies, with examples given of characteristics associated with high and low scores on each trait. The Big Five model is widely used by researchers to measure individual differences in personality. Tests of the Big Five traits involve questions about tendencies and preferences that are designed to assess where someone scores on each of the five traits.

1. BIG FIVE MODEL
Sahar Rahmani

2. The big five model is one of the most recognized approaches to
describing and measuring individual differences in one’s
personality. When researchers say they are measuring or
controlling for personality ,most often they are referring to
measuring the big five traits.(Feher and Vernon 2021)
The big five personality traits consist of:
 Agreeableness
 Conscientiousness
 Neuroticism
 openness
 extraversion
 agreeableness: is personality trait that describes how you
treat your relationships with other.

3. its more concerned with interpersonal relationship and
describe individual differences in being likable and agreeable and
harmonious in relationships with others.(Graziano and Tobin
2009)
If you score high in agreeableness, you may be:
 altruistic
 kind of others
 empathetic
 helpful
 caring
 compassionate
 trustworthy
and people with lower scores:
 selfish
 Competitive
 stubborn
 Manipulative

4.  conscientiousness:
is a trait that refers to how thoughtful and goal-oriented you
are.
a person’s personality characteristics ,including tasks ,are
formed from childhood ,but by evaluating it, it can be
concluded that environmental factors effect after
childhood.(Eisenberg, Duckworth et al. 2014)
If scores high in conscientiousness, you tend to be:
 more optimistic
 good at planning
 well-organized
 hardworking
 emotionally stable

5.  neuroticism
is a personality trait that refers to your emotional stability.
researchers examined the role of neuroticism on the
occurrence of different types of events that had to be
completed within fourteen days.
people with high n showed more stress than people with low
n.(Cattell and Scheier 1961)
a high score in neuroticism means that you may:
 often feels insecure
 get stressed easily
 worry a lot

6. 4. extraversion:
Reflect how you interact socially. research shows that
extroversion and happiness have a direct
relationship.(Pavot, Diener et al. 1990)
People with more extraversion may have tendencies to;
 be more outgoing
 talkative
 feel comfortable

7. 5; OPENNESS
DESCRIBE YOUR IMAGINATION AND HOW CREATIVE YOU ARE.
5; openness
Describe your imagination and how creative
you are.
It has been shown in an article that this feature is
related to financial literacy and investment
decisions.(Hamza and Arif 2019)
Big five model tests :
For example , these questions will ask how much a
person agrees or disagrees that he or she is someone
how exemplifies various specific statements such as:

8. • “Is open to trying new experiences.”
• “Is always thinking about others.”
• “Is the center of attention at a party.”
• “Is trusting of others.”
• “Is anxious about the future all the time.”
Big five personality tests are reliable.

9. References
Cattell, R. B. and I. H. Scheier (1961). "The meaning and measurement of neuroticism and anxiety."
Eisenberg, N., et al. (2014). "Conscientiousness: Origins in childhood?" Developmental psychology 50(5):
1331.
Feher, A. and P. A. Vernon (2021). "Looking beyond the Big Five: A selective review of alternatives to the
Big Five model of personality." Personality and Individual Differences 169: 110002.
Graziano, W. G. and R. M. Tobin (2009). "Agreeableness."
Hamza, N. and I. Arif (2019). "Impact of financial literacy on investment decisions: The mediating
effect of big-five personality traits model." Market Forces 14(1).
Pavot, W., et al. (1990). "Extraversion and happiness." Personality and Individual Differences
11(12): 1299-1306.