The document contains notes on English grammar rules including parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs), sentence structure, punctuation, and more. Key points covered include: - Articles (a, an, the) and their usage - Prepositions (on, at, in, by, of, off, from, for) and examples of their use - Subject-verb agreement and forming plural nouns - Phrasal verbs and their meanings - Tips for writing sentences and using grammar structures correctly

1. Notes
Everyone/ everybody/ everything/ each of/
one of  “is”
MUST use “the”
1. musical instruments – piano, violin,
guitar
- She plays the violin well.
- She is playing the piano now.
No ‘the’
1. in front of meal – breakfast, lunch and
dinner
2. in front of sport games/hobbies – playing
basketball, playing tennis, reading books,
collecting stamps, keeping fish, keeping
pets
Plural nouns
1. mouse – mice
2. cactus – cacti
3. deer – deer
4. sheep – sheep
5. cattle – cattle
6. man – men
7. woman – women
Articles
An (a, e, i, o, u)
1. an elephant
2. an umbrella
3. an honest boy
4. an hour
5. an heir
A
1. a humble boy
2. a university
3. a unicorn
4. a uniform
5. a European
The
1. the sun/ sky/ universe/ world
To
1. like to
2. decided to
3. wanted to
4. tried to
5. started to
6. managed to
7. help to
8. glad to
9. went over to
10. rushed to
11. apologized to
We MUST use plural form for these words
A pair of
1. clothes
2. trousers
3. jeans
4. spectacles / glasses
5. scissors
6. pants
We MUST NOT use plural form for these
words
1. advice
2. cattle
3. furniture
4. sheep
5. clothing
6. scenery
7. news
8. music
9. knowledge
10. jewellery
Phrasal Verb
1. put on 增加/ 穿上
1. call off 取消
2. put off拖延
3. give in 投降/ 让步
4. give up放弃
5. turn back 掉转头
6. give off散发
7. black out 晕眩 （blackout停电）
8. break down 出故障
9. turn down拒绝/ 转小
10. on time 准时
11. to put out a fire 灭火
Prepositions
On
1. on Wednesday
2. I was born on July 1st .

2. 3. on the farm
4. on the 21st
5. on Christmas
6. on the phone
7. call us on 06-9858588
8. on the beach
9. on my left
10. on the stage
11. on the bookshelf
12. travel on the bus/ the coach/ the plane
13. riding on a bicycle / on horseback (not
the person controls it)
14. He went to Penang on a cruise/ ferry.
15. on foot (walk)
16. On my way to work the car broke down.
At
1. at 10 o’clock
2. at night/ noon/ midnight
3. at the weekend
4. at the end of the month/ week
5. They eat at the table.
In
1. in July
2. in the morning/ afternoon/ night
3. in 1988
4. in the spring/ summer/ autumn/ winter
5. in the middle of
6. in the field
7. in the park
8. He sits in the front now.
9. He paid the money in cash.
10. He gets wet in the rain.
11. He got caught in the heavy rain.
12. He sits in the armchair.
13. News in Malay
14. in Jalan Maju
15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the
west.
16. leave the key in the lock
17. He is in the army/ navy/ air force.
By
1. by the roadside
2. by the river
3. by the waterfall
4. by the seaside
5. by the window
6. by the corner
7. He paid the money by cheque.
8. He went to the zoo by car/ bus/ van.
Of
1. Jump out of the window.
2. seven wonders of the world
3. Get out of the car.
4. I was proud of you.
5. afraid of the dark
6. short of money
7. one of us
8. the handle of the door
9. take care of
Off
2. switch off
3. ran off
4. fallen off
5. Take off your shoes.
6. Keep off the grass.
From
1. borrow … from
2. He saved the boy from drowning.
3. The rain stopped me from coming.
4. The people suffered from diseases.
5. The salesman went from house to house
selling pots.
For (untuk)
6. I save some food for you.
7. I bought this bag for you.
8. I am waiting for the taxi/ cab.
9. The concert is lasted for two hours.
Making sentences
1. An ostrich cannot fly.
2. Ostriches cannot fly.
3. A banana is yellow.
4. Bananas are yellow.
5. A lion is fierce.
6. Lions are fierce.
7. Birds are chirping.
8. Bees are buzzing.
9. A papaya has black seeds.
10. Papayas have black seeds.
11. He is listening to the music/ radio now.
12. He gets on the bus/ coach/ aeroplane/ van.
13. He boards the bus/ coach/ aeroplane/ van.
14. He gets off the bus/ coach/ aeroplane/ van.
15. He gets in the car.

3. 16. He gets out of the car.
17. He enjoys fishing.
18. He likes to read.
19. He likes reading.
20. I help my mother to wash the dishes.
21. I help my mother to plant the flowers.
22. He helps his mother sweep the floor.
23. The children like to help clean the house.
24. A rabbit likes to eat carrots.
25. The rabbit is eating a carrot.
26. A squirrel likes to eat nuts.
27. The squirrel is eating a nut.
28. He enjoys reading the newspapers.
29. He likes reading newspapers.
30. His/ Her/ My/ Tom’s hobby is reading
newspapers.
31. He decorated his house for Deepavali.
32. He is waiting for a bus at the bus stop.
33. He throws the stones at the cat.
34. He throws the ball to Ah Meng.
35. He is interested in Mathematics.
36. He is good at Mathematics.
37. He won a trophy in the race/ match/
competition.
38. He likes flying kites.
39. She is playing with lantern.
40. The cat is playing with ball.
41. She blows out the candles.
42. She blows up the balloon.
43. He tripped over the rock.
44. The dogs are fighting over a piece of
meat.
45. I write with a pen at the table.
46. I chop the tree with an axe.
47. I use an axe to chop the tree.
48. The dog is chasing after the cat.
49. I chase the cats away.
50. He is worry about his results.
51. He is complain about his neighbour.
52. He is going to complain to the manager
about the poor service.
53. He is angry at something.
54. He is angry with me.
55. He puts on his clothes.
56. She is wearing her clothes/ jewellery/
necklace/ bracelet.
57. He is whispering to his sister.
58. They are talking on the phone.
59. He smokes a pipe.
60. He fells asleep on the bench.
61. He was surprised when he received the
present.
62. They are sitting for the examination/ test.
63. A kitten is the young of a cat.
64. A young cat is called a kitten.
65. The bird feeds some worms to its young.
66. The birds are perching on the branch.
67. She writes a letter to her sister.
68. There are many fish in the aquarium.
69. The fish are in the aquarium.
70. There are many stalls at the market.
71. There is a boy sitting on the bench.
72. The boy is sitting on the bench.
73. She heard someone shouting for help.
74. He goes shopping in the evening.
75. She goes travelling on a plane.
76. I go fishing/ skating/ boating/ during the
school holidays.
77. My family is watching television in the living
room.
78. He lit the candle in the dark last night.
79. He lit the candle because the room was getting
dark.
80. He is hailing a taxi.
81. He lifted up the rock by himself.
82. The cows are grazing in the field.
83. She is taking the medicine because she has the
flu.
84. She coughed last night.
85. She sends emails using her computer.
86. He wants to be a pilot.
87. His ambition is to be a pilot.
88. He is pulling out the weeds.
89. A monkey climbs up/ down the tree.
90. A cheetah runs faster than a tiger.
91. He is the tallest in the class.
92. She likes to solve puzzles.
93. The laptop/ computer belongs to Tom.
94. He is eating the noodles with a pair of
chopsticks.
95. The dog jumped over the fence yesterday.
96. He hits the shuttlecock over the net to Tom.
97. She wears a pair of spectacles when she reads
the book.
98. She wears a pair of spectacles when reading
the book.
99. I have my breakfast before I go to school.
100. I have my breakfast before going to school.
101.A tiger has many stripes on its body.
102.Twenty-two plus ten equals thirty-two.
103.A pilot flies an aeroplane.

4. Adjectives
1. active
2. obedient
3. playful
4. friendly
5. mischievous
6. naughty
7. lazy
8. foolish
9. cheerful
10. hardworking
11. humble
12. gentle
13. kind
14. proud
Adverb
1. suddenly
2. immediately
3. unfortunately
4. luckily
5. finally
6. eventually
7. accidentally
8. move/ walk: slowly, quickly, steadily
9. eat: hungrily, ravenously
10. sit: properly, quietly
11. sleep: quietly, soundly
12. speak: loudly, softly
13. behave: badly, suspiciously
14. wave: happily, gently
15. wait: impatiently, patiently, quietly
16. bark: fiercely, noisily
17. write: neatly, tidily
18. cry: sadly, loudly
19. sing: sweetly
20. sweat/ bleed/ thank: profusely
21. bravely
22. clearly
23. carefully x carelessly
24. politely / rudely
25. happily
26. kindly
Ordinal number
1. first
2. second
3. third
4. fourth
5. fifth
6. sixth
7. seventh
8. eighth
9. ninth
10. tenth
11. eleventh
12. twelfth
13. thirteenth
14. fourteenth
15. fifteenth
16. sixteenth
17. seventeenth
18. eighteenth
19. nineteenth
20. twentieth
21. twenty-first
Section C
1. During the school holidays,
2. Last Sunday,
3. One beautiful Sunday morning,
4. First, then, after that, finally, suddenly, a few
minutes later
5. From that day onwards,
6. We had an enjoyable time in the zoo.
7. We had a memorable day in the zoo.
8. I learnt a lesson from the incident.
9. The incident taught Tom a lesson.
10. I was happy because I had done a good deed.
11. He was frightened/ afraid/ surprised/ glad
12. Without any hesitation,
13. He thanked Ali for his courage/ help.
14. ___ turned over a new leaf.
15. It was indeed a very memorable trip for me/
us/ them.
16. It was indeed a colourful night to be
remembered.
17. ___ praised them for their good deed.
18. He apologized to __ and promised he would
not do it again.