Beta Lactam Antibiotic Cephalosporin Carbapenem

1. Antibiotics:
Beta
Lactams
By Savan Chhatrola

2. Introduction
β

3. how its work

4. Types of Bacteria cell wall

5. Structure of Bacteria cell wall

6. Mechanism of Action
• Penicillin binds to PBP (Penicillin Binding
Proteins ) → Stimulates the PBPs
1.This further stimulates autolytic enzymes in the bacteria
→ cleaves peptide bonds and glycosidic bonds →
peptidoglycan structure isn’t formed → alters overall
structure of cell wall
2. Stimulation of PBP also inhibits the transpeptidases →
cross linking between peptidoglycan layers doesn’t take
place → cell wall is disrupted

7. Mechanism of Action
• Disruption of cell wall causes water to leak
into the bacterial cell → bacterial cell lysis
• Bactericidal effect

8. Beta lactams divided into 4 Categories
1
2
3
4
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbapenem
Monobactam

12. Resistance
• Some bacteria have developed a resistance
mechanism via the production of BETA-LACTAMASE
• Beta-lactamase break down the beta-lactam ring →
antibiotics can no longer bind to PBP → cell wall
synthesis remain uninhibited → bacteria survives

13. Beta Lactamase Inhibitors
drugs that are co-administered with beta-lactam
antimicrobials to prevent antimicrobial resistance
by inhibiting serine beta-lactamases,
• Clavulanic Acid
• Salbactum
• Tazobactum
• Avibactum
+ Amoxicillin
+ Ampicillin
+ Piperacillin
+ Ceftadizime

14. References
• Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics, 13e Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollmann BC.
Brunton L.L., & Hilal-Dandan R, & Knollmann B.C.(Eds.), Eds
(2018)
• Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology. 6th ed.
Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer, (2015)

15. THANK
YOU