The document discusses human-computer interaction trends from 1960 to the present and into the future. It outlines four eras: 1) The 1960s Mainframe Era with one computer shared among many users. 2) The 1980s Personal Computer Era with one computer per user and the introduction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs). 3) The 2000s Mobility Era with several portable computers per user like laptops and smartphones enabling new forms of interaction beyond keyboards and mice. 4) The 2020s and beyond Ubiquity Era with thousands of computers per user as technologies become embedded everywhere and new interaction techniques emerge like gesture and motion control, multi-touch interfaces, and digital paper systems. The

1. Being Human
Human computer interaction in 2020
Adopted from Microsoft Research on HCI, 2008

2. Some problems of today
Why Facebook does not automatically wish our friends
during their birthday?
Why MMLS does not send us updates when a class is
cancelled?
Why can’t we play DOTA or Cityville or throw Angry
birds while driving?

3. How to solve this?

4. Four Computing Eras
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
1 1 2 2
There have been various computer-driven revolutions in the Photography, for example, has retained its familiarity despite
activities – from buying food to paying our bills – and they
1960s: Mainframe Era 1980s: Personal Computer Era point of creation, people still ‘point and Mobility Era
2000s: shoot’ in much the 2020 and beyond: Ubiquity Era
One computer per many users. One computer per user. Several computers per user. is not just in terms of user experiences, suchof shopping,
It Thousands as computers per user.
14
Solutions in 60s and 80s
(see diagram below)
3 3 4 4 Solutions now and future
as
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
1960s: Mainframe Era 1980s: Personal Computer Era 2000s: Mobility Era 2020 and beyond: Ubiquity Era
One computer per many users. One computer per user. Several computers per user. Thousands of computers per user.
15

5. hat are richer and less prone to the many
blet computers that use stylus-based interaction
and even paper-based systems that digitally
The HotHand device:
a ring worn by electric
guitar players that uses
iple points of input also supports novel forms motion sensors and a
wireless transmitter to
g around it and interacting together (see the create different kinds of
Why can’t we play guitar
eft) is beginning to be used to control digital movies, turn on sound effects by various
hand gestures.
with this?
so been developed that enables the movement
and our movements can be captured using CCTV cameras,

6. interface’ or GUI (for this and other terms used throughout, see
the Glossary)
The Reactable: a multi-
touch interface for playing
music. Performers can
simultaneously interact
with it by moving and
rotating physical objects shift t
on its surface. Reactable
was developed by Sergi by ga
Jordà and colleagues at ‘React
the Universitat Pompeu
Fabra, Barcelona. Icelandic
songstress Björk used one
on her 2007 tour.
input
16
If GUI can become Gesture User interface
from Graphical user interface, why not
guitar?

7. Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), are also being made at an
mobile phone
Simple Robots to Autonomous Machines
After all, things have changed
That Learn vacuum cleaner has also become a com
Emotional kitty: a robot
and plastic electronics are enabling displays to be made
hardware platform called
sports, concerts of logical cultural events are presented and
iCAT uses a set and other
rules to convey emotional of assembly lines, as remote investigators of hazardous
states as it makes decisions,
provide a frus
with the goal of improving of human companions, are also being co
human-robot interaction.
It looks confused if it’s in have begun appearing in our homes as autonomous
trouble, smiles if it gets
materials to create very thin semi-conductive transistors that something right…
visualisation t
partially due to their therapeutic qualiti
can be embedded in all sorts of materials, from paper to cloth,
Animated Textiles is beyond the 2020 horizon, recent adva
developed by Studio Sensors of ma
subTela at the Hexagram acceleromete
Institute, Montreal, Canada. music players and other mobile devices providing information robots to be programmed to respond an
These two jackets ‘synch
up’ when the wearers hold
hands, and the message
scrolls from the back of
to the World in our Hands one person to the other. Talk to the hand… dynamic readouts, reporting and alerting us to the status of
phone ‘brick’ to the
latest Apple iPhone: as
the size reduces, the
es are rapidly becoming the most ubiquitous potential expands.
or not to notify a person of an incoming m
18 on the nature and content (and therefore
strating ‘genie-in-a-bottle’ experience – they Brick to iPhone
devices can also monitor our medical condition, too, such Smart fabric Dumb toy to emo robots
techniques – such as automatic zooming – have
any types – from GPS location receivers and
rs to RFID tag scanners – and some actuators
device at a historic building and be offered up an audio or
the product came from, its associated air miles, and ecological
band’s poster and then sending it as a gift to a friend’s music
player can be as natural as a ‘cut and paste’ operation on a

8. ision of the
g musicians
reate music
s in remote
ollowing or
usical score
wraparound
deo images
displays the
al score.
Won’t it be a fun desktop?

9. Some problems of today
Why Facebook does not automatically wish our friends
during their birthday?
Why MMLS does not send us updates when a class is
cancelled?
Why can’t we play DOTA or Cityville or throw Angry
birds while driving?
Why can’t we just think and the assignment gets done?

10. Find ONE problem that YOU
want to solve.
Write the problem, and what solution you want and why it
matters?
I don’t expect you to know how to solve it.
15 minutes to think

11. Being Human : Human Values

12. Build
Extended use
Study Understand
The conventional
user-centred, four-stage
model. The new
photographs and other materials to preserve and honour entails conceptu
ate
or ‘understandin
S tu
Evalu
Evaluate
Design
dy
ory, cultural
ng the technology
ui
ld sig
B
n
Build De
Previously New Suggestion
Extended user-centred,
Understand
serve and honour How do we solve the problems? model. The new stage
entails conceptual analysis
ate
or ‘understanding’
S tu
Evalu
dy

13. Understand
It is about what?
Play and creativity?
Social connectivity and togetherness?
Preserve and honour family history?
Reflect on personal past?
Supporting collaborative task in domestic situation?

14. those mechanics of interaction help people achieve long-
This stage usua
on this, further
Study
shopper and an
Hence, Stage 2

15. design implications for existing infrastructures, the people that
technology is used or interpreted, or even contradict the
not just the individual user experience of playing music, sending
Design

16. Build Stage 4:
Prototyping
Programming
Electronics
Physical Computing
It might, as
everyday ob
Phidgets or ‘physical
widgets’ are building
blocks to help developers example, m
construct physical user

17. m the design
then evaluation considerations may also suggest to HCI researchers that
Evaluate
other experts from other disciplines need to participate in
monitoring or,
A new device being
evaluated in a long-
family kitchen.
ividual may
and more far-
and again this
Family 63
Kitchen

18. Use UNDERSTANDING to solve
It is about what?
Play and creativity?
Social connectivity and togetherness?
Preserve and honour family history?
Reflect on personal past?
Supporting collaborative task in domestic situation?

19. Let’s solve some real
HUMAN problem