This document summarizes a study on the behavioral patterns of six captive ostriches observed at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan over 45 days. The researchers observed six categories of behaviors: resting, locomotion, ingestive, comfort, aggression, and thermoregulation. They found that walking was the most common locomotion behavior, while pecking was most common for ingestive behavior. Resting, locomotion, and ingestive behaviors significantly differed between morning, afternoon, and evening periods. The study concluded that captive ostriches displayed similar behaviors to wild ostriches, with some differences due to captivity. Recommendations included adding more sandy areas and shelters to better accommodate the ostriches' natural behaviors.
Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on Chimpanzee Nest Location in the Tofala...AI Publications
Chimpanzee nest construction has been potentially influenced by altitude and human activities. This study entitle “effects of anthropogenic activities on chimpanzee nest location in the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (THWS), South West Region, Cameroon,” dated June 2017-March 2018 with the objectives to investigate the construction of arboreal (night nest) and ground (terrestrial or resting nest) nests among chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) subpopulations in the THWS, and the effects of anthropogenic activities on chimpanzee nest location. A guided reconnaissance survey “recce” walks based on the line transect method was used to obtain information on the location, altitudinal distribution, height and age of chimpanzee nests in order to determine the encounter rates of chimpanzee nesting in the THWS. The different statistical tests were conducted using XLSTAT 2007. 8. 4 statistical software for data analysis. From the result, arboreal (night nest) nests accounted for 75.86% of total nest construction while ground (terrestrial or resting nest) nests accounted for 21.14%. Chimpanzee nested most at elevated heights (mean nesting height = 15.8m) and at high altitudes (800-1000m) with very low encounter rates of logging and agricultural activities (0.13 and 0.06 signs per km respectively). Nests were constructed amongst trees of the families; Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Menispermaceae and Moraceae trees of girth 25.5 – 115cm. However, fruiting and flowering trees were most preferable. In the THWS, chimpanzees prefer to select their nesting sites mostly in the woodland and primary forests vegetation where human activities (agricultural and hunting activities) are low. Therefore, human predation appeared to be an important factor influencing chimpanzee nest location in the THWS.
Komodo Dragon Predation on Crab-Eating Macaques at the Rinca Island’s Visitor...UniversitasGadjahMada
We investigated the proportion of crab-eating macaques in the diet of Komodo dragons and quantified the spatial habitat use between the species as a proxy for predation threat and in relation to prey availability due to ecotourism. In 2013, in Loh Buaya valley of Rinca Island, Komodo National Park, we conducted macroscopic identification of hairs, claws, dentition and osteological remains of consumed prey. For habitat use, we quantified the use of vertical strata by macaques through focal animal sampling. For Komodo dragons in the valley, macaques were a significant component of their diet (20.7%), ranking second after rusa deer (58.6%); the proportion of macaques we observed in the diet is much higher than in previous studies. An increased use of the forest floor by macaques at this site may increase their vulnerability as a prey species, especially in the daytime when tourist presence impacts the availability of other favoured prey species.
Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on Chimpanzee Nest Location in the Tofala...AI Publications
Chimpanzee nest construction has been potentially influenced by altitude and human activities. This study entitle “effects of anthropogenic activities on chimpanzee nest location in the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (THWS), South West Region, Cameroon,” dated June 2017-March 2018 with the objectives to investigate the construction of arboreal (night nest) and ground (terrestrial or resting nest) nests among chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) subpopulations in the THWS, and the effects of anthropogenic activities on chimpanzee nest location. A guided reconnaissance survey “recce” walks based on the line transect method was used to obtain information on the location, altitudinal distribution, height and age of chimpanzee nests in order to determine the encounter rates of chimpanzee nesting in the THWS. The different statistical tests were conducted using XLSTAT 2007. 8. 4 statistical software for data analysis. From the result, arboreal (night nest) nests accounted for 75.86% of total nest construction while ground (terrestrial or resting nest) nests accounted for 21.14%. Chimpanzee nested most at elevated heights (mean nesting height = 15.8m) and at high altitudes (800-1000m) with very low encounter rates of logging and agricultural activities (0.13 and 0.06 signs per km respectively). Nests were constructed amongst trees of the families; Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Menispermaceae and Moraceae trees of girth 25.5 – 115cm. However, fruiting and flowering trees were most preferable. In the THWS, chimpanzees prefer to select their nesting sites mostly in the woodland and primary forests vegetation where human activities (agricultural and hunting activities) are low. Therefore, human predation appeared to be an important factor influencing chimpanzee nest location in the THWS.
Komodo Dragon Predation on Crab-Eating Macaques at the Rinca Island’s Visitor...UniversitasGadjahMada
We investigated the proportion of crab-eating macaques in the diet of Komodo dragons and quantified the spatial habitat use between the species as a proxy for predation threat and in relation to prey availability due to ecotourism. In 2013, in Loh Buaya valley of Rinca Island, Komodo National Park, we conducted macroscopic identification of hairs, claws, dentition and osteological remains of consumed prey. For habitat use, we quantified the use of vertical strata by macaques through focal animal sampling. For Komodo dragons in the valley, macaques were a significant component of their diet (20.7%), ranking second after rusa deer (58.6%); the proportion of macaques we observed in the diet is much higher than in previous studies. An increased use of the forest floor by macaques at this site may increase their vulnerability as a prey species, especially in the daytime when tourist presence impacts the availability of other favoured prey species.
Bat Classification based on Perceptual, Spectrum and Cepstral Features in Kal...AM Publications
Bats are the only mammals that can fly and are the keystone member to sustain biodiversity. Bats are present
throughout the world, performing vital ecological roles of pollinating flowers and dispersing fruit seeds. Bat is a very
important member in the ecosystem and it plays a vital role in maintaining eco-balance through propagation of vital
flora and pest management in the forest. Bats are important as they consume insects, pests, reducing the need for
pesticides. Bats give major indication for biodiversity conservation. Bats are also the key informers of climate change
and its impact on their habitat. Many tropical plant species depend entirely on bats for the distribution of their seeds.
About seventy percentage of the bat species are insectivores. The rest are frugivores or fruit-eaters. Monitoring of bat
activity is useful to assess habitat quality. Bats serve as biological indicators of the condition of the ecosystem and its
degradation. The insectivorous bats use echolocation calls, making it possible to detect the prevalence of bats through
acoustic detection methods. The echolocation calls are species-specific. Hence, acoustic identification and classification
of bat species are probable. In this paper, a bat classification method using perceptual, spectrum and cepstral features is
proposed. Sixteen species of bats that are present in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve are taken into
consideration.
Determining the Interrelationship between Macaque Population and Land Cover/ ...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Movement ecology has now become a significant topic for discussion. With the changing environment and climatic conditions, there are several factors that work for the movement of all type and size of organisms. These changes in animals are sometimes observed positive and sometimes it is negative in terms of their behavior and intra-specific interaction. The following study investigates the impact of changing land use pattern in relation between green cover and migratory ecology of monkeys, to understand the factors that affect their ecological movement and behavioral aspects. The research work also comprise of the analytical study of the approaches that were used for the sampling and study of monkeys. The project has a progressive look and is based on both comparative and a collection of secondary as well as primary data. It identifies the concepts that could be applied to the migration of the monkeys into the urbanized areas. The study also establishes the facts that determine parameters that might play a leading role in their movement, based on conduction of surveys of certain sites. The deduction of conclusion is based on identifying the reasons causing movement, discovering any change in the behavior which is causative of the movement and finally linking them to develop a conceptual framework that explains the entire process of movement.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.31
ABSTRACT- In dry summer season, the chances of food availability become tough and hard. Prey species moves
towards water resources. But tiger have a good and ample quality to survive anywhere with its intelligence and
adaptability for survival with environment. To detect the food and feeding behaviour of tiger in this dry month, we had
collected the tiger scat for scat analysis. Scat analysis is techniques by which we can reconstruct the tiger’s diet with the
help of undigested remain on which tiger had prayed. This is an indirect method to know the tiger’s food and feeding
behaviour, choice of food, availability of preys in dry season etc. Interspecific as well as Intraspecific struggle affects
biomass consumption (daily diet & annual diet profile) of tiger and other sympatric species like Leopard in area. Key-words- Biomass consumption, Scat analysis, Prey in dry season, Struggle, Ecological stress
Bat Classification based on Perceptual, Spectrum and Cepstral Features in Kal...AM Publications
Bats are the only mammals that can fly and are the keystone member to sustain biodiversity. Bats are present
throughout the world, performing vital ecological roles of pollinating flowers and dispersing fruit seeds. Bat is a very
important member in the ecosystem and it plays a vital role in maintaining eco-balance through propagation of vital
flora and pest management in the forest. Bats are important as they consume insects, pests, reducing the need for
pesticides. Bats give major indication for biodiversity conservation. Bats are also the key informers of climate change
and its impact on their habitat. Many tropical plant species depend entirely on bats for the distribution of their seeds.
About seventy percentage of the bat species are insectivores. The rest are frugivores or fruit-eaters. Monitoring of bat
activity is useful to assess habitat quality. Bats serve as biological indicators of the condition of the ecosystem and its
degradation. The insectivorous bats use echolocation calls, making it possible to detect the prevalence of bats through
acoustic detection methods. The echolocation calls are species-specific. Hence, acoustic identification and classification
of bat species are probable. In this paper, a bat classification method using perceptual, spectrum and cepstral features is
proposed. Sixteen species of bats that are present in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve are taken into
consideration.
Determining the Interrelationship between Macaque Population and Land Cover/ ...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Movement ecology has now become a significant topic for discussion. With the changing environment and climatic conditions, there are several factors that work for the movement of all type and size of organisms. These changes in animals are sometimes observed positive and sometimes it is negative in terms of their behavior and intra-specific interaction. The following study investigates the impact of changing land use pattern in relation between green cover and migratory ecology of monkeys, to understand the factors that affect their ecological movement and behavioral aspects. The research work also comprise of the analytical study of the approaches that were used for the sampling and study of monkeys. The project has a progressive look and is based on both comparative and a collection of secondary as well as primary data. It identifies the concepts that could be applied to the migration of the monkeys into the urbanized areas. The study also establishes the facts that determine parameters that might play a leading role in their movement, based on conduction of surveys of certain sites. The deduction of conclusion is based on identifying the reasons causing movement, discovering any change in the behavior which is causative of the movement and finally linking them to develop a conceptual framework that explains the entire process of movement.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.31
ABSTRACT- In dry summer season, the chances of food availability become tough and hard. Prey species moves
towards water resources. But tiger have a good and ample quality to survive anywhere with its intelligence and
adaptability for survival with environment. To detect the food and feeding behaviour of tiger in this dry month, we had
collected the tiger scat for scat analysis. Scat analysis is techniques by which we can reconstruct the tiger’s diet with the
help of undigested remain on which tiger had prayed. This is an indirect method to know the tiger’s food and feeding
behaviour, choice of food, availability of preys in dry season etc. Interspecific as well as Intraspecific struggle affects
biomass consumption (daily diet & annual diet profile) of tiger and other sympatric species like Leopard in area. Key-words- Biomass consumption, Scat analysis, Prey in dry season, Struggle, Ecological stress
2013 lima & antonialli junior foraging strategies of the ant ectatomma vizott...Luan Lima
Foraging activity may be limited by
temperature, humidity, radiation, wind, and other abiotic factors, all of which can affect energy costs during foraging. Ectatomma
vizottoi’s biology has only recently been studied, and no detailed information is available on its foraging patterns or diet in the field.
For this reason, and because foraging activity is an important part of the ecological success of social insects, the present study aimed
to investigate E. vizottoi’s foraging strategies and dietary habits. First, we determined how abiotic factors constrained E. vizottoi’s
foraging patterns in the field by monitoring the foraging activity of 16 colonies on eight different days across two seasons. Second,
we characterized E. vizottoi’s diet by monitoring another set of 26 colonies during peak foraging activity. Our results show that E.
vizottoi has foraging strategies that are similar to those of congeneric species. In spite of having a low efficiency index, colonies
adopted strategies that allowed them to successfully obtain food resources while avoiding adverse conditions. These strategies
included preying on other ant species, a foraging tactic that could arise if a wide variety of food items are not available in the
environment or if E. vizottoi simply prefers, regardless of resource availability, to prey on other invertebrates and especially on other
ant species.
A ray of hope in the darkness: What we have learned from Yangtze giant soft-s...AbdullaAlAsif1
The Swinhoe's softshell turtle, Rafetus swinhoei (Gray, 1873),) is one of the world's largest freshwater turtles, and possibly the most endangered turtle species on the planet (Stanford et al., 2018). It has an overall length of over 100 cm and a width of up to 70 cm, and it can easily weigh up to 70–100 kg, maximum weight was recorded at 169 kg (Solimine, 2013; Trong, 2018). Despite its enormous size and unusual look, this species is incredibly secretive and only comes to the surface to breathe, preferring to remain submerged deep down. For this species, there is very little ecological information, and the remaining distribution is unclear. This could explain why it's so difficult to positively identify and confirm occurrences of this species in the wild (Trong, 2018). If we look back to the history and biogeography of this species, it can be found that the existential records were documented in the historical literature of the Chinese and Vietnamese dynasties. This species was once thought to only live along the Red River in China and Vietnam, as well as the lower Yangtze River floodplain in China, but its current population size is estimated to be just one wild individual of undetermined sex and a solitary captivity male in Suzhou Zoo, China. Although recent thorough searches in Yunnan, China, and Vietnam failed to confirm the presence of more wild specimens, some sightings were reported until around a decade ago (Stanford et al., 2018), giving hope that more individuals may yet exist in Vietnam.
Role of Carrion Breeding Dipterid Flies in the Disintegration of Chicken Carc...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
The Investigation of Snake-phobia Management by the Inhabitants of the City o...AI Publications
Humans have had a long standing history of interaction hostility with snakes, and most snakes have been killed by this interaction in Cameroon and many other parts of the world. Basic education on snake conservation importance has to be provided to the communities to avoid unnecessary killing of snakes. The objective of this survey is to investigate the management of snake-phobia by the inhabitants of the city of Kumba. The research data collection witnessed the administration of two hundred and fifty questionnaires in the study area to a randomly selected population sample. The results recorded a significant association between Gender and snake phobia (X2 = 17.725 df=1, P<0.05. Inaddition, there is a positive correlation between Profession and the knowledge people on non venomous snakes (R2 = 0.446, P<0.05). Moreover, the survey revealed a significant link between the Age Category and Snake-phobia (X2 = 16.134 df=2, P<0.05). Furthermore, there exist a significant association between the snake phobia and human reaction at snake sight (X2 = 16.521 df=3, P<0.05). A respondent score of 70.15% is recorded on snake phobia. A respondent score of 56.72% is recorded on Black cobra, as a snake most commonly seen in the study area. Snakes are not human enemies, rather are important for human existence, ecologically and biomedically, hence their killing must be avoided during interactions. There need to be a public educational programme on the education of snakes species and behaviour to reduce and eliminate human snake-phobia. It is also very important to know that the existence of snakes should never be mystified, so many species commonly seen around like green tree snake (Dendrelaphis punctulata) are non venomous.
The Social Daily Activity Correlation of Olive Baboon (Papio Anubis) in Gash...Sryahwa Publications
Baboons range throughout sub-Saharan Africa, across a multitude of habitat types making them the most widespread African primate genus and perhaps coincidentally, are one of the best studied
primates. In recent times, the rapid expansion of human population, the spread of agriculture, and the resulting destruction of natural habitats has drastically increased in sub-saharan Africa.
Elucidation of cow tick Rhipicephalus microplus (formerly Boophilus microplus...Innspub Net
Ticks comprise one of the most significant groups of arthropods in terms of effects on animal health. They incapacitate the host by feeding on it. The cattle tick, economically impact cattle industry in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, is a cautiously serious external parasite affecting, primarily, cattle. These ticks are adapted to the advantages of specialising to feed on cattle and with all the feeding stages occurring on one individual host in a rapid sequence of reproduction. Cattle tick’s reproduction and life cycle occurs on body of only one host. This stage takes approximately 21 days, during which the tick changes from a minute larva to a nymph and finally an adult. With the use of a thin-tipped tweezers or forceps with a steady even pressure, ticks were removed straight upward from different body parts of cattle. Ticks were identified to the species level based on their morphologic features under a dissecting microscope and their genus and species were identified under the stereo microscope in the laboratory. Several parameters were taken as to with its life cycle. As observed, the period of tick’s life cycle varies due to some factors. This study aims to elucidate the reproduction process and life cycle of cattle ticks to serve as a guide in controlling and managing these parasitic creatures. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/