Behavior driven development
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This document discusses Behavior Driven Development (BDD). It begins with defining BDD as an approach to collaboratively develop software that delivers value and is transparent. BDD was coined by Dan North to address limitations with Test Driven Development (TDD). Popular BDD frameworks include Cucumber, SpecFlow, and Jasmine. BDD examples are expressed using the Gherkin language. The document then covers TDD and its benefits and limitations. It dives deeper into how BDD aligns with business goals and value through techniques like impact mapping and the "5 whys". BDD seeks to provide objective acceptance criteria through examples to guide development teams.
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Behavior driven development
- 2. References • “BDD in action” by John Ferguson Smart • “Specification by example” by Gojko Adzic ©TechTalks, 2018
- 3. Agenda • What is BDD? • How it differs from complementsTDD? • Real examples onTDD/BDD • Dive deeper into BDD • Q & A ©TechTalks, 2018
- 4. The beginning • Approach to collaboratively develop software that delivers value and is transparent • Coined and developed by Dan north • Meant to address limitations with TDD • Popular frameworks: Cucumber, Specflow, Jasmine(BDD like), Jbehave • Expressed in Gherkin language ©TechTalks, 2018
- 5. Gherkin language Feature: Knowledge sharing session Narrative: As a speaker, I want to record my talk, so that I can replay it later for audience who could not attend Scenario: Recording a session Given: I am a speaker in a session And: I have placed a camera in the room When: I start the recording Then:The session should get recorded ©TechTalks, 2018
- 6. What isTDD? • “Set of techniques that encourages simple design and test suites that inspire confidence” – Kent Beck • Write a failing automated test before code • Remove duplication ©TechTalks, 2018 Write code to pass the test Refactor code without letting the test fail A failing test without code
- 7. WhyTDD? • Improves the software design • Enhances developer ability to write readable and easier-to-maintain code • Helps set the boundaries of expected work - example • Subsequently lesser defects ©TechTalks, 2018
- 8. So where is the problem? ©TechTalks, 2018
- 9. Persona #1 • Name: Max • Age: 35 • Occupation: Software Professional • BIO Software developer and consultant. Has a family of 4 He has just moved to Singapore on employment visa with a multi-national company. On induction, his employer, familiarized Max with the surroundings, work culture and terms of employment contract. Max is staying in a company sponsored hotel, and will need to rent a place within a week’s time. He didn’t anticipate the expenses, and is carrying little cash. He hopes he will be able to cover expenses with first salary due soon The company pays all their employees at last day of the month through bank transfers. He has joined in 3rd week of month, and needs a account soon to receive his salary in time. ©TechTalks, 2018
- 10. Persona #2 • Name: Rob • Age 50 • Occupation: Trader and Investor • Bio Rob is anTrader and investor with business interest in Asia-pacific region. Primarily based in Singapore, he travels across China, Indonesia, Cambodia and India very frequently for business. He often employs vendors for his business and pays them through cheque post work. Due to his busy schedule and frequent travels, the payments are sometimes late and annoys the business partners. To secure his and partners business interests, he needs a easier way of making payments ©TechTalks, 2018
- 11. Features In order to receive payments for my work, As a prospective banking customer, I want to open a savings bank account ©TechTalks, 2018 In order to make payments to contractors, As a bank customer, I want to initialize a funds transfer from my savings account Who? What? Why?
- 12. Story #1 ©TechTalks, 2018 Title: Open a savings account In order to receive payments for my work, As a prospective banking customer, I want to open a savings account
- 13. Acceptance criteria ©TechTalks, 2018 Inputs: - Full name - Unique identifier (NRIC, FIN, Passport) - Address - Email address - Phone number - Agreement onT&C - AccountType: Savings Output: - Account number: 6 digit unique account number - Account type: Savings - Deposit funds - Withdraw funds - Statements - Debit card
- 14. Story #2 ©TechTalks, 2018 Title: Transfer funds from one account to another In order to make payment to contractor, As a bank customer, I want to initialize a funds transfer from my savings account
- 15. Acceptance criteria ©TechTalks, 2018 Inputs: - From account: 6 digit account number - To account: 6 digit account number - Amount: Decimal value greater than ZERO(0). Referred hereafter as $ Output: - Transaction id: Numeric id - From account debited of $(decimal value) - To account credited of $(decimal value)
- 17. The limitation withTDD • What all to test? How much to test? What should we name it? • How to validate that tests cover the acceptance criteria? • Maintenance and readability a challenge as product grows in size • Does it the right way. But does it do the right thing? ©TechTalks, 2018
- 18. BDD deep dive ©TechTalks, 2018
- 19. What is BDD again? • BDD =TDD + Enhanced business collaboration • Aligned to the business value • A single source of truth – equally understood by business and development teams ©TechTalks, 2018
- 20. Whose behavior? • Business • Consumer • Customers/Beneficiaries • Staff • Govt.Agencies/Regulatory/Audit ©TechTalks, 2018
- 21. What is value? • Increase profit - Eg. New features • Protect profit – Eg. Customer satisfaction • Reduce cost – Eg. Support • Avoid future cost – Eg. Regulatory ©TechTalks, 2018
- 22. Where is value? ©TechTalks, 2018
- 24. (Why?) * 5 ©TechTalks, 2018
- 25. RCA example • The system is currently down • Why? • The underlying authentication service is failing so we cannot log in • Why? • The authentication service cannot connect to repository • Why? • The connection parameters are incorrect • Why? • There was a change in database host name which was not updated in authentication service ©TechTalks, 2018
- 26. Applied to goal discovery • We want to offer $ 25 cashback for customers who do less than 10 withdrawals a month? • Why do you offer that? • A promotion will encourage more customers to do lesser withdrawals • Why do you want to encourage them? • By means of that, we want to promote cashless transactions • Why so? • Because we want to reduce usage of ATM • Why? • Maintaining the ATMs is an additional cost, and our analysis suggests that we will be able to save cost by 5% by reducing usage ©TechTalks, 2018
- 27. Impact mapping ©TechTalks, 2018 Why? Who? How? What? Business Goal Stakeholders Capabilities Features Save the cost by 5% Enable cashless transactions Offer cashback on less than 10 withdrawals Pay online Pay by card Pay by cheque Capture number of transactions
- 29. Seek example • “Can you give me an example?” • Precise specifications so delivery teams avoid rework caused by ambiguity • Objective way to measure when work is complete • Documentation to facilitate change, both in terms of features and team structure • Described in book “Specification by Example” by Gojko Adzie ©TechTalks, 2018
- 30. Let’s revisit code ©TechTalks, 2018
- 31. BDD in a nutshell ©TechTalks, 2018