@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
H2020-SC1-2016-CNECT
SC1-PM-18-2016 - Big Data Supporting Public Health Policies
This project is funded by
the European Union
Dr Michaela Black
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
MIDAS - Strengths
• Project Funding Review Score: 15/15
• Value: €4.5M
• Duration: 40 months
• Strong consortium
– Academic Partners
– Technical Partners
– Policy Board Partners
• Great opportunities
– Opportunities for improved policies for health using big
data across Europe
– High impact research
– High impact output potential
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Scientific/Technical Team Policy Board
University of Ulster (Coordinator) South Eastern Health And Social Care Trust
NHS (SET)
Dublin City University (DCU) Health and Social Care Board (HSCB)
Business Services Organisation (BSO) NI
City of Oulu University Health Service Executive (HSE) Ireland
VTT: Technical Research Centre of
Finland
Finland’s National Institute for Health and
Welfare (THL)
VICOMTECH (Spain) BIOEF Public Foundation of the Health
Department of the Basque Government
KU Leuven, Department of Electrical
Engineering-ESAT (Belgium)
Department of Health Public Health England
(DH PHE)
Industry: IBM Ireland Arizona State University/ Mayo Clinic
SME: Analytics Engine (UK)
SME: Quintelligence (Slovenia)
COLLECTION
DATA
PREPARATION
ANALYTICS
VISUALISATION
DATA
INTEGRATION
Midas
Secure Interoperable
Data Architecture
Platform
Geographically Diverse
Heterogeneous Data-Sets
Member State
Policy Makers & Citizens
Citizen Focused Effective Informed
Policy Development
Within Regions, Member States
and Across Member States –
Health Policy as well as Integrated
Policy Development e.g. Social
Housing
Member State
Policy Makers & Citizens
Solution
Drivers
Data
Providers
MIDAS Platform
Stakeholders
VTT,
Vicomtech,SME
s, Universities,
IBM
HSC, BSO, HSE,
ES (Basque), FI,
BE, PHE
Insurance
Health
Agencies
Acute,
Primary and
Community
Care
Visualisation
Analytics
Data
Connection
Layer
MIDAS
Platform
Policy
Makers
Ministries and
Departments of
Health, PHE, THL
Citizens
Social Media &
‘Mydata’ for Crowd
Connection & Value
Co-creation
Current Unstable
Infrastructure
MIDAS Platform
Supported Stable
Infrastructure
• Increasing Aging
Population
• Less Resources & Finances
in Health Care
• Fractured Heterogeneous
Data for Policies
• Improved Data Access
• Enhanced Policy Creation &
Effectiveness
• Empowered Patient
Stakeholders: Policy Board Members -
Testing, Evaluation & User Feedback
Leading Solution Drivers
1. Access Heterogeneous Data Sources for
Policies Including Governance & Consent
2. Data Connector Layer
3. Data Analytics Layer
4. Visualization Tool for Policy makers
Stakeholders: Policy Board Members - Testing, Evaluation & User Feedback
Leading Solution Drivers
1. Access Heterogeneous Data Sources for
Policies Including Governance & Consent
2. Data Connector Layer
3. Data Analytics Layer
4. Visualization Tool for Policy makers
Emerging data driven analytics
= Meaningful, Actionable
Information for Prevention &
Risk Stratification
= Co-created Benefit to Citizens
and Stakeholders
• Data Sources: OpenData (EU), MyData (FI) Open Data Providers
• Data Consent & Governance: Ministries of Health in partner regions
• Connect Internal & External Existing data Sources
• Technical Consortium
• [Machine Learning], Forecasting, Simulation
• Technical Consortium
• Policy Review ,Forecasting ,Simulation, Effectiveness
• Technical Consortium
MIDAS Platform
For Policy Makers
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Improved Policy Process
Policy Review
Assure Governance
Collect & Use Data
with Key
Indicators
Explore & Simulate
Models
Evaluation
Build Evidence for
Policy Review
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
HEALTH CHECK-UP 2.0
Analysing &
evaluations
needs
Wellbeing
trainer
view
Health
nurse
view
Health care
provider invites
customer for a visit
when risk levels
rise
 Early
intervention
Continuous
feedback
and
guidance
HEALTH ACCOUNT
MyData in MIDAS
COLLECTION
DATA
INTEGRATION ANALYTICS
DATA
PREPARATION VISUALISATION Policy Makers &
Citizens
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Policy Board Members Pilots
● Key stakeholders have been identified from each pilot and with them the
most relevant scenarios and user stories for the pilot topic:
● Basque Country (BIOEF): Child overweight and obesity prevention
prioritised policy
● Finland (THL): Preventive mental health and substance abuse of
young people
● Northern Ireland (BSO): Children in Care
● Republic of Ireland (HSE): “Healthy Ireland” framework and related
policies
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Co-creative Workshop on User
Personas
1. Decision makers and public health authorities: who mainly use predefined
dashboards. They need to be aware of the current and past situation of the
health domain and be able to test the outcomes of possible decision scenarios
2. Information Officers: the supporting personnel of health care policymakers,
who create the dashboards for the first group according to the current need
3. Data Scientist: the health care research oriented users, who can even develop
the analytics further, define new forecasting models and analytics scenarios
4. System management: updates health system metadata, maintains interfaces
to virtual data storage, grants access rights to users
In addition we added 2 new personas:
5. Clinical Policy Directorate
6. CEO of a Charity
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Reasoning Loop Logic
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
MIDAS Dashboard Demonstrator
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Open Data NI
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Social Media - Our Goal
Capture the ”voice of the public” through open social data.
To provide a clear picture to policy makers, so they can
make better informed decisions.
Analyze and
aggregate the
data so that it can
be read easily
That drives a
twitter chat bot
to engage with
the public
Allows policy
makers to create a
custom campaign
By building a tool that
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Chatbots and Social Media
Our application
To post a question to the public via a tweet
Uses the Twitter API
We are free to Tweet them
back and ask them to start
a direct message session
with a chatbot
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
• Twitter account: @iix_midas.
• Either:
– Reply to ”Pinned” tweet asking about
depression #MidasDepression.
– Open up Direct Messages, Private Messages,
Messages etc. and start talking.
• At any point type “start again” to be
presented with questionnaire options.
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
WP 2 - Ethics Governance &
Consent
• Personal Identifiable Data (PID) or Personal
Identifiable Information (PII) is data from which
individuals may be identified
• Issues around using PID/PII
– Identifiable data can be used without an individual’s consent for
various purposes (Great Britain, 1998)
– The GDPR states that anonymised data is not subject to data
protection considerations(The European Parliament and the Council of Europe, 2016)
– However, linking disparate datasets represents a real risk to
anonymity (Cohen et al., 2014)
• Jigsaw Identification (Wellcome Trust, 2016)
– Public perceptions of data usage?
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
WP 2 Continued
• PHE will conduct primary research to explore
public perceptions concerning the use of PID
• How do public perceptions of data sharing
vary depending on:
– type/ nature of data
– the context of sharing and
– the recipient organisation?
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Exploring MIDAS Datasets
StreamStory
An exploratory data mining tool based on a system for the analysis of
multivariate time series. It computes and visualizes a hierarchical Markov chain
model which captures the qualitative behavior of the systems’ dynamics. It
aims finding periodicity over the TUDA dataset. It provides an interactive
diagram representing the cycles in the dataset, based on a sequence of states
of different size (representing time spent in them) and relation between states.
This includes choice of parameters, timescale or clustering algorithm to use by
choice on dropdown menus.
Free Text Tool
A text mining based tool that permits to extract information from fields in
identified MIDAS datasets, such as the Intego dataset, enabling
complementary analytics and visualisation based on automated text
annotation.
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
Quintelligence Demos
midas.quintelligence.com
Partners
European Commission
MIDAS Project Coordination Committee
Scientific & Technical Manager
Dissemination, Exploitation &
Communication Manager
Participant
Managers
Quality
Manager
WP LeadersWP1 .. WP 8WP1
Task Leaders
Policy Board Chair & Co-chairs
(Policy, Ethics & Governance)
T1.2T1.1
Project Coordinator
Dissemination, Exploitation &
Communication Committee
Scientific & Technology
Committee
T1.3
Ethical and Privacy Advisory
Group (EPAG)
Innovation
Manager
WP5 – Policy Visualisation
WP3 – Data Mapping
WP4 – Data Analytics & Simulation
WP8–EthicsRequirements
WP2-Governance,ConsentandPrivacy
WP6-EvaluationandImpactAssessment
WP1 - Project Management & Coordination
WP2 - Governance,
Consent & Privacy
WP3 - Architecture & Data Sources
WP4 - Data Analytics & Simulation
WP5 - Data Visualisation for Public
Health Decision Making
WP6 – Integration Evaluation & Impact
Assessment; WP2 Evaluation of Prototype;
WP5 UI Testing & Validation
WP7 - Project Dissemination, Exploitation & Awareness Raising
WP2 - Governance,
Consent & Privacy
WP3 - Architecture & Data Sources
WP4 - Data Analytics & Simulation
WP5 - Data Visualisation for Public
Health Decision Making
WP3
WP4
WP5
WP8 – Ethics
Requirements
WP8 – Ethics
Requirements
WP6 – Integration Evaluation & Impact
Assessment; WP2 Evaluation of Prototype;
WP5 UI Testing & Validation
Startup UCD Iteration 1 UCD Iteration 1 Shutdown
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
MIDAS - Achievements to Date
• Strong Policy Board Interaction
– Cross Site Visits
– Sharing of Current Practice
– Growing Policy Board
• Impact journal and conference papers
• Workshops
• Pilot case videos
• Show Case & Dissemination Events
– Brussels – November 2016
– BIOEF - Bilbao – February 2017
– Helsinki – June 2017
– 16​ ​November​ ​2017​ ​-
MIDAS​ ​Platform​ ​Co-Design​ ​Workshop, Focus​ ​On​ ​Big​ ​Data​ ​in​ ​Health, Belfast
– 17​ ​November​ ​2017​ ​-​ ​MIDAS​ ​Consent,​ ​Ethics​ ​&​ ​GDPR​ ​Workshop, Ulster University
@MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu
Grant Agreement No. 727721
This project is funded by
the European Union
mm.black@ulster.ac.uk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiVd4wgVA1s
Thanks

BDE SC1 Workshop 3 - MIDAS (Michaela Black)

  • 1.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 H2020-SC1-2016-CNECT SC1-PM-18-2016 - Big Data Supporting Public Health Policies This project is funded by the European Union Dr Michaela Black
  • 2.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union MIDAS - Strengths • Project Funding Review Score: 15/15 • Value: €4.5M • Duration: 40 months • Strong consortium – Academic Partners – Technical Partners – Policy Board Partners • Great opportunities – Opportunities for improved policies for health using big data across Europe – High impact research – High impact output potential
  • 3.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union
  • 4.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Scientific/Technical Team Policy Board University of Ulster (Coordinator) South Eastern Health And Social Care Trust NHS (SET) Dublin City University (DCU) Health and Social Care Board (HSCB) Business Services Organisation (BSO) NI City of Oulu University Health Service Executive (HSE) Ireland VTT: Technical Research Centre of Finland Finland’s National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) VICOMTECH (Spain) BIOEF Public Foundation of the Health Department of the Basque Government KU Leuven, Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT (Belgium) Department of Health Public Health England (DH PHE) Industry: IBM Ireland Arizona State University/ Mayo Clinic SME: Analytics Engine (UK) SME: Quintelligence (Slovenia)
  • 5.
    COLLECTION DATA PREPARATION ANALYTICS VISUALISATION DATA INTEGRATION Midas Secure Interoperable Data Architecture Platform GeographicallyDiverse Heterogeneous Data-Sets Member State Policy Makers & Citizens Citizen Focused Effective Informed Policy Development Within Regions, Member States and Across Member States – Health Policy as well as Integrated Policy Development e.g. Social Housing Member State Policy Makers & Citizens
  • 6.
    Solution Drivers Data Providers MIDAS Platform Stakeholders VTT, Vicomtech,SME s, Universities, IBM HSC,BSO, HSE, ES (Basque), FI, BE, PHE Insurance Health Agencies Acute, Primary and Community Care Visualisation Analytics Data Connection Layer MIDAS Platform Policy Makers Ministries and Departments of Health, PHE, THL Citizens Social Media & ‘Mydata’ for Crowd Connection & Value Co-creation
  • 7.
    Current Unstable Infrastructure MIDAS Platform SupportedStable Infrastructure • Increasing Aging Population • Less Resources & Finances in Health Care • Fractured Heterogeneous Data for Policies • Improved Data Access • Enhanced Policy Creation & Effectiveness • Empowered Patient Stakeholders: Policy Board Members - Testing, Evaluation & User Feedback Leading Solution Drivers 1. Access Heterogeneous Data Sources for Policies Including Governance & Consent 2. Data Connector Layer 3. Data Analytics Layer 4. Visualization Tool for Policy makers
  • 8.
    Stakeholders: Policy BoardMembers - Testing, Evaluation & User Feedback Leading Solution Drivers 1. Access Heterogeneous Data Sources for Policies Including Governance & Consent 2. Data Connector Layer 3. Data Analytics Layer 4. Visualization Tool for Policy makers Emerging data driven analytics = Meaningful, Actionable Information for Prevention & Risk Stratification = Co-created Benefit to Citizens and Stakeholders • Data Sources: OpenData (EU), MyData (FI) Open Data Providers • Data Consent & Governance: Ministries of Health in partner regions • Connect Internal & External Existing data Sources • Technical Consortium • [Machine Learning], Forecasting, Simulation • Technical Consortium • Policy Review ,Forecasting ,Simulation, Effectiveness • Technical Consortium MIDAS Platform For Policy Makers
  • 10.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Improved Policy Process Policy Review Assure Governance Collect & Use Data with Key Indicators Explore & Simulate Models Evaluation Build Evidence for Policy Review
  • 11.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union HEALTH CHECK-UP 2.0 Analysing & evaluations needs Wellbeing trainer view Health nurse view Health care provider invites customer for a visit when risk levels rise  Early intervention Continuous feedback and guidance HEALTH ACCOUNT MyData in MIDAS COLLECTION DATA INTEGRATION ANALYTICS DATA PREPARATION VISUALISATION Policy Makers & Citizens
  • 12.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Policy Board Members Pilots ● Key stakeholders have been identified from each pilot and with them the most relevant scenarios and user stories for the pilot topic: ● Basque Country (BIOEF): Child overweight and obesity prevention prioritised policy ● Finland (THL): Preventive mental health and substance abuse of young people ● Northern Ireland (BSO): Children in Care ● Republic of Ireland (HSE): “Healthy Ireland” framework and related policies
  • 13.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Co-creative Workshop on User Personas 1. Decision makers and public health authorities: who mainly use predefined dashboards. They need to be aware of the current and past situation of the health domain and be able to test the outcomes of possible decision scenarios 2. Information Officers: the supporting personnel of health care policymakers, who create the dashboards for the first group according to the current need 3. Data Scientist: the health care research oriented users, who can even develop the analytics further, define new forecasting models and analytics scenarios 4. System management: updates health system metadata, maintains interfaces to virtual data storage, grants access rights to users In addition we added 2 new personas: 5. Clinical Policy Directorate 6. CEO of a Charity
  • 14.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union
  • 15.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Reasoning Loop Logic
  • 16.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union MIDAS Dashboard Demonstrator
  • 17.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Open Data NI
  • 18.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Social Media - Our Goal Capture the ”voice of the public” through open social data. To provide a clear picture to policy makers, so they can make better informed decisions. Analyze and aggregate the data so that it can be read easily That drives a twitter chat bot to engage with the public Allows policy makers to create a custom campaign By building a tool that
  • 19.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Chatbots and Social Media Our application To post a question to the public via a tweet Uses the Twitter API We are free to Tweet them back and ask them to start a direct message session with a chatbot
  • 20.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union • Twitter account: @iix_midas. • Either: – Reply to ”Pinned” tweet asking about depression #MidasDepression. – Open up Direct Messages, Private Messages, Messages etc. and start talking. • At any point type “start again” to be presented with questionnaire options.
  • 21.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union WP 2 - Ethics Governance & Consent • Personal Identifiable Data (PID) or Personal Identifiable Information (PII) is data from which individuals may be identified • Issues around using PID/PII – Identifiable data can be used without an individual’s consent for various purposes (Great Britain, 1998) – The GDPR states that anonymised data is not subject to data protection considerations(The European Parliament and the Council of Europe, 2016) – However, linking disparate datasets represents a real risk to anonymity (Cohen et al., 2014) • Jigsaw Identification (Wellcome Trust, 2016) – Public perceptions of data usage?
  • 22.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union WP 2 Continued • PHE will conduct primary research to explore public perceptions concerning the use of PID • How do public perceptions of data sharing vary depending on: – type/ nature of data – the context of sharing and – the recipient organisation?
  • 23.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Exploring MIDAS Datasets StreamStory An exploratory data mining tool based on a system for the analysis of multivariate time series. It computes and visualizes a hierarchical Markov chain model which captures the qualitative behavior of the systems’ dynamics. It aims finding periodicity over the TUDA dataset. It provides an interactive diagram representing the cycles in the dataset, based on a sequence of states of different size (representing time spent in them) and relation between states. This includes choice of parameters, timescale or clustering algorithm to use by choice on dropdown menus. Free Text Tool A text mining based tool that permits to extract information from fields in identified MIDAS datasets, such as the Intego dataset, enabling complementary analytics and visualisation based on automated text annotation.
  • 24.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union Quintelligence Demos midas.quintelligence.com
  • 25.
    Partners European Commission MIDAS ProjectCoordination Committee Scientific & Technical Manager Dissemination, Exploitation & Communication Manager Participant Managers Quality Manager WP LeadersWP1 .. WP 8WP1 Task Leaders Policy Board Chair & Co-chairs (Policy, Ethics & Governance) T1.2T1.1 Project Coordinator Dissemination, Exploitation & Communication Committee Scientific & Technology Committee T1.3 Ethical and Privacy Advisory Group (EPAG) Innovation Manager
  • 26.
    WP5 – PolicyVisualisation WP3 – Data Mapping WP4 – Data Analytics & Simulation WP8–EthicsRequirements WP2-Governance,ConsentandPrivacy WP6-EvaluationandImpactAssessment
  • 27.
    WP1 - ProjectManagement & Coordination WP2 - Governance, Consent & Privacy WP3 - Architecture & Data Sources WP4 - Data Analytics & Simulation WP5 - Data Visualisation for Public Health Decision Making WP6 – Integration Evaluation & Impact Assessment; WP2 Evaluation of Prototype; WP5 UI Testing & Validation WP7 - Project Dissemination, Exploitation & Awareness Raising WP2 - Governance, Consent & Privacy WP3 - Architecture & Data Sources WP4 - Data Analytics & Simulation WP5 - Data Visualisation for Public Health Decision Making WP3 WP4 WP5 WP8 – Ethics Requirements WP8 – Ethics Requirements WP6 – Integration Evaluation & Impact Assessment; WP2 Evaluation of Prototype; WP5 UI Testing & Validation Startup UCD Iteration 1 UCD Iteration 1 Shutdown
  • 28.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union MIDAS - Achievements to Date • Strong Policy Board Interaction – Cross Site Visits – Sharing of Current Practice – Growing Policy Board • Impact journal and conference papers • Workshops • Pilot case videos • Show Case & Dissemination Events – Brussels – November 2016 – BIOEF - Bilbao – February 2017 – Helsinki – June 2017 – 16​ ​November​ ​2017​ ​- MIDAS​ ​Platform​ ​Co-Design​ ​Workshop, Focus​ ​On​ ​Big​ ​Data​ ​in​ ​Health, Belfast – 17​ ​November​ ​2017​ ​-​ ​MIDAS​ ​Consent,​ ​Ethics​ ​&​ ​GDPR​ ​Workshop, Ulster University
  • 29.
    @MIDASProjectEUhttp://www.midasproject.eu Grant Agreement No.727721 This project is funded by the European Union mm.black@ulster.ac.uk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiVd4wgVA1s Thanks

Editor's Notes

  • #19 As a reminder our goal as called out in the MIDAS grant agreement is … Were going to achieve that by … ->
  • #24 quick summary of what I’m going to cover. I’ll very quickly remind everyone of the decisions / findings to date
  • #25 quick summary of what I’m going to cover. I’ll very quickly remind everyone of the decisions / findings to date