This document discusses Cucumber, a tool for behavior-driven development and end-to-end testing of web applications. It provides examples of writing Cucumber features and scenarios in plain English or other human-readable languages. Scenarios define steps that map to code using a given-when-then structure. The document demonstrates steps for user login and navigation, arithmetic calculations, and more. It also briefly discusses identifying scenarios, automating tests, and agreeing on step definitions.

1. Behaviour-driven
development with
Cucumber
Kerry Buckley
BT DevCon6, 4 February 2013
http://www.flickr.com/photos/yogendra174/4665988849

3. A developer tool for
end-to-end testing of
ruby web applications

4. A developer tool for
end-to-end testing of
ruby web applications
LIE

5. Basics

6. Feature: DevCon talk
In order to fill the DevCon6 schedule
As a Cucumber user
I want to talk about BDD with Cucumber
Scenario: "BDD with Cucumber" talk
Given I have managed to prepare a talk
And there are people there to hear it
When I give the talk
Then the audience should learn something

7. Feature: DevCon talk
In order to fill the DevCon6 schedule
As a Cucumber user
I want to talk about BDD with Cucumber
Scenario: "BDD with Cucumber" talk
Given I have managed to prepare a talk
And there are people there to hear it
When I give the talk
Then the audience should learn something

8. Feature: DevCon talk
In order to fill the DevCon6 schedule
As a Cucumber user
I want to talk about BDD with Cucumber
Scenario: "BDD with Cucumber" talk
Given I have managed to prepare a talk
And there are people there to hear it
When I give the talk
Then the audience should learn something

9. Feature: DevCon talk
In order to fill the DevCon6 schedule
As a Cucumber user
I want to talk about BDD with Cucumber
Scenario: "BDD with Cucumber" talk
Given I have managed to prepare a talk
And there are people there to hear it
When I give the talk
Then the audience should learn something

10. Feature: DevCon talk
In order to fill the DevCon6 schedule
As a Cucumber user
I want to talk about BDD with Cucumber
Scenario: "BDD with Cucumber" talk
Given I have managed to prepare a talk
And there are people there to hear it
When I give the talk
Then the audience should learn something

11. Feature: Withdraw cash from account
Scenario: Successful withdrawal
Given I have £100 in my account
When I request a withdrawal of £20
Then I should receive £20
And my balance should be £80

12. $ cucumber withdraw_cash.feature
Feature: Withdraw cash from account
Scenario: Successful withdrawal # withdraw_cash.feature:3
Given I have £100 in my account # withdraw_cash.feature:4
When I request a withdrawal of £20 # withdraw_cash.feature:5
Then I should receive £20 # withdraw_cash.feature:6
And my balance should be £80 # withdraw_cash.feature:7
1 scenario (1 undefined)
4 steps (4 undefined)
0m0.002s
You can implement step definitions for undefined steps with these snippets:
Given /^I have £(d+) in my account$/ do |arg1|
pending # express the regexp above with the code you wish you had
end
...

13. Scenario: Successful login
Given a user "Fred" with password "secret"
When I go to the login page
And I fill in "User name" with "Fred"
And I fill in "Password" with "secret"
And I press "Log in"
Then I should see "Welcome, Fred"

14. Scenario: Adding a CaaS Linux Service in a production (or test) environment
Given a fred production environment exists
And I am on the last deployment page
When I select "CaaS Linux Service" from "Add a new"
And I press "Add service"
And I fill in the following:
| Role | FTP Server |
| Application Installed Software | None |
And I select "SC3 (redside)" from "Security Domain"
And I select "2" from "Virtual CPUs"
And I select "2" from "Virtual Memory"
And I select "OEL 5u6 32bit" from "Operating System"
And I select "None" from "MaaS(EMB) MQ Client"
And I select "None" from "Oracle Client"
And I check "Netbackup Client"
And I check "XFB Client"
And I check "BT Hunter Client"
And I check "BTBPTM Client"
And I check "Web Tier"
And I press "Save"
Then I should be on the last deployment page
And I should see "Service saved"
And I should see ...

16. Scenario: Successful login
Given a user "Fred" with password "secret"
When I go to the login page
And I fill in "User name" with "Fred"
And I fill in "Password" with "secret"
And I press "Log in"
Then I should see "Welcome, Fred"

17. Scenario: User is greeted upon login
Given the user "Fred" has an account
When he logs in
Then he should see "Welcome, Fred"

18. Given /^the user "(.*?)" has an account$/ do |name|
@user = User.find_or_create_by_name name, password: "secret"
end
When /^he logs in$/ do
visit "/login"
fill_in "User name", with: @user.name
fill_in "Password", with: @user.password
click_button "Log in"
end
Then /^he should see "(.*?)"$/ do |text|
page.should have_content(text)
end

19. Scenario: User is greeted upon login
Given the user "Fred" has an account
When he logs in
Then he should see "Welcome, Fred"
Scenario: Secure pages require login
When I visit a secure page as a guest
Then I should be asked to log in
When I log in with a valid account
Then I should see the secure page

21. Feature: My awesome system
Scenario: Using the system
Given the system exists
When I use it
Then everything should work perfectly

22. A developer tool for
end-to-end testing
of web applications

23. A developer tool for
LIE
end-to-end testing
of web applications

24. Scenario: create a dir
Given a directory named "foo/bar"
When I run `file foo/bar`
Then the stdout should contain "foo/bar: directory"
Scenario: create a file
Given a file named "foo/bar/example.txt" with:
"""
hello world
"""
When I run `cat foo/bar/example.txt`
Then the output should contain exactly "hello world"

25. A tool for end-to-
end testing of web
applications

26. A tool for end-to-
end testing of web
LIE
applications

27. More feature
… er …
features

28. Feature: Posting messages to friends
Scenario: Posting a text message
Given I am logged in
When I post a text message
Then my friends should see my message
Scenario: Posting a photo
Given I am logged in
When I post a photo
Then my friends should see a thumbnail of my photo
And clicking the thumbnail should show the photo

29. Feature: Posting messages to friends
Scenario: Posting a text message
Given I am logged in
When I post a text message
Then my friends should see my message
Scenario: Posting a photo
Given I am logged in
When I post a photo
Then my friends should see a thumbnail of my photo
And clicking the thumbnail should show the photo

30. Feature: Posting messages to friends
Background:
Given I am logged in
Scenario: Posting a text message
When I post a text message
Then my friends should see my message
Scenario: Posting a photo
When I post a photo
Then my friends should see a thumbnail of my photo
And clicking the thumbnail should show the photo

31. Scenario:
When I add 1 widget to my order
And I add 5 doodahs to my order
And I add 2 thingummies to my order
Then my basket total should be £12.34

32. Scenario:
When I add the following to my order:
| Quantity | Item |
| 1 | widget |
| 5 | doodah |
| 2 | thingummy |
Then my basket total should be £12.34

33. Scenario: Simple addition
When I calculate 2 + 2
Then the answer should be 4
When I calculate 10 + 5
Then the answer should be 15
Scenario: Simple multiplication
When I calculate 2 * 2
Then the answer should be 4
When I calculate 6 * 7
Then the answer should be 42

34. Scenario Outline: Simple arithmetic
When I calculate <first> <operation> <second>
Then the answer should be <answer>
Examples:
| first | operation | second | answer |
| 2 | + | 2 | 4 |
| 10 | + | 5 | 15 |
| 2 | * | 2 | 4 |
| 6 | * | 7 | 42 |

35. http://www.flickr.com/photos/yogendra174/4665988849

36. # language: fr
Fonctionnalité: Addition
Afin de financer mon bonus avec l'argent des pigeons
En tant que trader
Je souhaite pouvoir additionner 2 chiffres
Plan du Scénario: Addition de produits dérivés
Soit une calculatrice
Etant donné qu'on tape <a>
Et qu'on tape <b>
Lorsqu'on tape additionner
Alors le résultat doit être <somme>
Exemples:
| a | b | somme |
| 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2 | 3 | 5 |

37. # language: es
Característica: adición
Para evitar hacer errores tontos
Como un matemático idiota
Quiero saber la suma de los números
Esquema del escenario: Sumar dos números
Dado que he introducido <entrada_1> en la calculadora
Y que he introducido <entrada_2> en la calculadora
Cuando oprimo el <botón>
Entonces el resultado debe ser <resultado> en la pantalla
Ejemplos:
| entrada_1 | entrada_2 | botón | resultado |
| 20 | 30 | add | 50 |
| 2 | 5 | add | 7 |
| 0 | 40 | add | 40 |

38. # language: de
Funktionalität: Addition
Um dumme Fehler zu vermeiden
möchte ich als Matheidiot
die Summe zweier Zahlen gesagt bekommen
Szenariogrundriss: Zwei Zahlen hinzufügen
Angenommen ich habe <Eingabe_1> in den Taschenrechner eingegeben
Und ich habe <Eingabe_2> in den Taschenrechner eingegeben
Wenn ich <Knopf> drücke
Dann sollte das Ergebniss auf dem Bildschirm <Ausgabe> sein
Beispiele:
| Eingabe_1 | Eingabe_2 | Knopf | Ausgabe |
| 20 | 30 | add | 50 |
| 2 | 5 | add | 7 |
| 0 | 40 | add | 40 |

39. # language: en-lol
OH HAI: STUFFING
MISHUN: CUCUMBR
I CAN HAZ IN TEH BEGINNIN 3 CUCUMBRZ
WEN I EAT 2 CUCUMBRZ
DEN I HAS 2 CUCUMBERZ IN MAH BELLY
AN IN TEH END 1 CUCUMBRZ KTHXBAI

40. Getting the most
out of Cucumber

41. http://www.flickr.com/photos/oskay/2156888497

42. Given /^the user "(.*?)" has an account$/ do |name|
@user = User.find_or_create_by_name name, password: "secret"
end
Given /^a logged-in user$/ do
@user = User.find_or_create_by_name "Fred", password: "secret"
visit "/login"
fill_in "User name", :with => @user.name
fill_in "Password", :with => @user.password
click_button "Log in"
end
When /^he logs in$/ do
visit "/login"
fill_in "User name", with: @user.name
fill_in "Password", with: @user.password
click_button "Log in"
end
Then /^he should see "(.*?)"$/ do |text|
page.should have_content(text)
end

43. Given /^the user "(.*?)" has an account$/ do |name|
@user = User.find_or_create_by_name name, password: "secret"
end
Given /^a logged-in user$/ do
@user = User.find_or_create_by_name "Fred", password: "secret"
visit "/login"
fill_in "User name", :with => @user.name
fill_in "Password", :with => @user.password
click_button "Log in"
end
When /^he logs in$/ do
visit "/login"
fill_in "User name", with: @user.name
fill_in "Password", with: @user.password
click_button "Log in"
end
Then /^he should see "(.*?)"$/ do |text|
page.should have_content(text)
end

44. module LoginSteps
def login(name, password)
visit "/login"
fill_in "User name", with: name
fill_in "Password", with: password
click_button "Log in"
end
end
World(LoginSteps)
Given /^a logged in user$/ do
@user = User.find_or_create_by_name name, password: "secret"
login(@user.name, @user.password)
end
When /^he logs in$/ do
login(@user.name, @user.password)
end

45. http://tooky.co.uk/2013/01/18/cucumber-and-full-stack-testing.html

46. http://blog.mattwynne.net/2012/05/31/hexagonal-rails-objects-values-and-hexagons/

47. A tool for
end-to-end testing
of applications

48. A tool for
end-to-end testing
LIE
of applications

49. A tool for testing
applications

50. A tool for testingRELY
TI
applications
N
EN HER
OT EIT
UE
TR

51. http://www.flickr.com/photos/elycefeliz/3224486233

52. Made-up statistics
Identifying scenarios
25%
Automated tests
35%
Agreeing steps
40%

53. $ cucumber talk.feature
Feature: DevCon talk
In order to fill the DevCon6 schedule
As a Cucumber user
I want to talk about BDD with Cucumber
Scenario: "BDD with Cucumber" talk # talk.feature:6
Given I have managed to prepare my talk on time # talk_steps.rb:1
And there are people there to hear it # talk_steps.rb:4
When I give the talk # talk_steps.rb:7
Then the audience should learn something # talk_steps.rb:10
1 scenario (1 passed)
4 steps (4 passed)
0m0.002s

54. http://www.flickr.com/photos/erix/3780828260