This document discusses Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) and how it can be used to write automated tests for software features using a Given-When-Then structure. BDD involves writing human-readable scenarios that describe how a feature should behave. These scenarios are then automated as tests using a framework like Cucumber that supports the Gherkin language. The document provides examples of steps written in Gherkin including Given, When, and Then steps to set up tests, trigger actions, and assert outcomes. It also gives examples of scenarios that could be tested, such as checking credit cards are filtered properly based on user selections.

1. Behaviour Driven Development (BDD)

2. What is BDD?
Behaviour Driven Development

3. Behaviours = Scenarios
What is it supposed to do?

4. Driven Development
Well, driving your development
process

5. Behat Documentation
“It’s the idea that you start by writing human-
readable sentences that describe a feature of
your application and how it should work, and only
then implement this behaviour in software.”

6. BDD Steps
Think
Red Bar
Green Bar
Refactor

7. Test Framework Browser Driver
&

8. Scenario
Given [Context]
And [More context]
!
When (I do) [Action]
And [Other Action]
!
Then (I should see) [Outcome]
And [More Outcomes]
It’s called
Gherkin
btw

9. Given
• Will almost always be the URL of the page to test
!
!
Given /^(?:|I )am on (?:|the )homepage$/
Given /^(?:|I )am on "(?P<page>[^"]+)"$/
• Example:
Given I am on “/credit-card”

10. When
• Any user action - press a button, fill a the textbox,
select a select box
When /^(?:|I )go to "(?P<page>[^"]+)"$/
When /^(?:|I )reload the page$/
When /^(?:|I )move backward one page$/
When /^(?:|I )move forward one page$/
When /^(?:|I )press "(?P<button>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
When /^(?:|I )follow "(?P<link>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
When /^(?:|I )fill in "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|")*)" with "(?P<value>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
When /^(?:|I )fill in "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|")*)" with:$/
When /^(?:|I )fill in "(?P<value>(?:[^"]|")*)" for "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
When /^(?:|I )fill in the following:$/
When /^(?:|I )select "(?P<option>(?:[^"]|")*)" from "(?P<select>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
When /^(?:|I )check "(?P<option>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
When /^(?:|I )uncheck "(?P<option>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
When /^(?:|I )attach the file "(?P[^"]*)" to “(?P<field>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
• Example:
When I press “More Info”

11. Then
• What should be seen / happen on the page
Then /^(?:|I )should be on "(?P<page>[^"]+)"$/
Then /^(?:|I )should be on (?:|the )homepage$/
Then /^the response status code should be (?P<code>d+)$/
Then /^the response status code should not be (?P<code>d+)$/
Then /^(?:|I )should see "(?P<text>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
Then /^(?:|I )should not see "(?P<text>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
Then /^(?:|I )should see text matching (?P<pattern>"(?:[^"]|")*")$/
Then /^(?:|I )should not see text matching (?P<pattern>"(?:[^"]|")*")$/
Then /^the response should contain "(?P<text>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
Then /^the response should not contain "(?P<text>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
Then /^(?:|I )should see "(?P<text>(?:[^"]|")*)" in the "(?P<element>[^"]*)" element$/
Then /^(?:|I )should not see "(?P<text>(?:[^"]|")*)" in the "(?P<element>[^"]*)" element$/
Then /^the "(?P<element>[^"]*)" element should contain "(?P<value>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
Then /^the "(?P<element>[^"]*)" element should not contain "(?P<value>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
Then /^(?:|I )should see an? "(?P<element>[^"]*)" element$/
Then /^(?:|I )should not see an? "(?P<element>[^"]*)" element$/
Then /^the "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|")*)" field should contain "(?P<value>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
Then /^the "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|")*)" field should not contain "(?P<value>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
Then /^(?:|I )should see (?P<num>d+) "(?P<element>[^"]*)" elements?$/
Then /^print current URL$/
Then /^print last response$/
• Example:
Then I should be on “Maybank Gold Card 2”

12. What to test?

13. Scenario
Given I am on “/credit-card”
!
When I hover on “.rating-icon”
!
Then I should see “3% cashback”

14. Scenario
Given I am on “/credit-card”
!
When I check “#petrol-filter”
And I press “Filter”
!
Then I should see [Petrol] card
And I should not see [Groceries] card
And I should not see [Travel] card
And I should not see [Shopping] card
And I should not see [Bills] card

15. Output

16. Recap
• Think about the behaviours you want
• Write scenarios that describe those behaviours
• Start a failing test
• Write code for it to pass
• Restart test = green