BB Citizenship project about health

1. BB Citizenship Stage 2
HEALTH
( IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES)
By: Alfred Tan, Damien Chew,
Gregory Kong, Matthew Ong and
Zuriel Khoo

2. Agenda
• Introduction
• Health problems(in developing countries)
• Reasons for health problems
• Entrepreneurs and their contributions
• Solutions
• Conclusions

3. Health(Introduction)
• Definition: A person’s mental and physical
condition.
• Health problems due to:
 Micro-organisms
 Bad sanitary conditions
 Labour
 Malnutrition
 Pollution
 Animals

4. Health Problems
• Water-related diseases:
 Cholera
 Dysentery
• Animal-spread diseases:
 Malaria
 Rabies
 Ebola
• Malnutrition related:
 Osteoporosis
 Anemia
• Weather:
 Heatstroke
 Hypothermia

5. Diseases spread through consumption
of food and water
• Pollutants contain large amounts of biohazardous organisms.
Eg. Cholera, Dysentery, Typhoid Fever, Salmonella
• If pollutants enter into water or food, it becomes contaminated and no
longer fit for safe consumption.
• If these contaminated food are consumed, the consumer might suffer
from diseases.
• These diseases are mostly gastric.
• It may not only be a host for a huge host of bacteria and viruses, but also
for parasites such as tapeworms.

6. Animal-spread diseases
• This refers to diseases spread via animals.
• Diseases from them may jump species. Reservoirs for diseases, for
example mosquitoes, rats, bats, and wild dogs. Probably due to favourable
breeding grounds.
• Diseases can be spread by bites, parasitic transfer and wastes.
• Diseases caused by bites:
Rabies (spread by bites from mammals)
Malaria and Dengue (spread by bites from mosquitoes)
• Diseases spread by parasitic transfer, wastes and indirect contact:
Bubonic Plague (aka Black Death)
Avian Flu
Ebola
• Animals may be host for parasites and help spread them around.

7. Malnutrition
• Malnutrition is the lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having
enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being
unable to use the food that one does eat.
• Many boys and girls in developing countries enter adolescence
undernourished, making them more vulnerable to disease and early
death.
• It may result in diseases such as osteoporosis, beri-beri and anemia
due to the lack of needed nutrients and vitamins.

8. Intensive Labour
• Intensive labour is common in undeveloped
countries.
• The strain may cause health problems later in
life such as body aches, spinal problems and
osteoporosis.
• If the work leaves a bad memory, trauma may
occur.

9. Weather
• Health problems may occur due to hostile weather conditions.
• Immense heat may cause heatstroke, heat exhaustion, sun
burn and skin cancer.
• Extreme cold may result in hypothermia and frostbite.
• In undeveloped countries, infrastructure needed to protect
against extreme weather and to treat conditions may not be
available.
• It could result in fatalities.

10. Reasons
• Pollution: contaminated food and water, polluted living conditions.
• Animals(pest): Diseases from them may jump species. Reservoirs for
diseases, for example mosquitos, rats, bats, and wild dogs. Probably due
to favourable breeding grounds.
• Labour and living conditions: Health problems from unhealthy living style
such as bad posture and strain on their bodies.
• Bad sanitary conditions can mean the lack of clean potable water and
food, bad sewage system.
• Malnutrition could mean the lack of important nutrients and vitamins
which may result in many complications.
• Weather such as extreme heat could cause heat stroke while extreme cold
will result in hypothermia or frostbite.

11. Entrepreneurs
Florence Nightingale
Aka. Lady of The Lamp
.Famous for being a nurse in The Crimean War and improving unsanitary
conditions in hospitals.
.Born in Florence, Italy on May 12 2015.
.Helped in British hospital base.
.Established St. Thomas' Hospital and the Nightingale Training School for Nurses.
.From a very young age, she was active in philanthropy and ministered to the ill in
her village.
.Nursing was her passion.
.Many soldiers were nursed in inhumane and unsanitary conditions.

12. Entrepreneurs
John D. Rockefeller
•American business magnate and philanthropist
•Co-founder of Standard Oil Company.
•He also started and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.
• He started giving to charity at 16 years old after his first job as a clerk.
•He gave 6 per cent of his earnings as a charity.
•Became one of the world’s first great benefactor of medical science.
•Founded the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
•Created the Rockefeller foundation to continue on the work of the Sanitary
Commission.
•Provided nearly $250 million to foundation.

13. Entrepreneurs
• Charles R. Drew
• Born on June 3, 1904-April 1, 1950
. Charles Richard Drew was an American physician, surgeon, and medical
researcher.
• He researched in the field of blood transfusions, developing improved
techniques for blood storage.
• He applied his expert knowledge to developing large-scale blood banks early
in World War II.
• His contributions has helped many medics save thousands of Allied forces
lives.

14. Entrepreneurs
• Carlos Urbani
• Born on October 19, 1956-March 29, 2003
• Carlo Urbani was an Italian doctor and microbiologist.
• He was the first to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) as a
new and dangerously contagious viral disease.
• His early warning to the World Health Organization (WHO) touched off a
massive response that helped save the lives of millions of people around
the world.

15. Ongoing works
• Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international, independent, medical
humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected
by armed conflict, epidemics, natural disasters and exclusion from
healthcare.
• MSF Worldwide Movement
MSF is a worldwide movement of current and former field staff, grouped into
national and regional associations. Collectively, they make sure that MSF stays
true to its mission and principles. Currently, there are 23 associations. All are
independent legal entities, and each elects its own board of directors and
president. Most associations have an executive office that raises funds and
recruits staff for MSF’s operations.
http://msf-seasia.org/4818

16. Ongoing Works
• Situations where MSF is involved in:
 Armed conflict
 Natural Disasters
 Endemic and Epidemic Disease
 Social Violence and healthcare exclusion
http://msf-seasia.org/5376

17. Solutions
• Don’t smoke
• One of the biggest and most publicized dangers of smoking is lung cancer.
With lung cancer you will most likely die faster.
• Tips
• Keep trying! It often takes six or seven tries before you quit for good.
• Talk to a health-care provider for help.
• Join a quit-smoking program. Your workplace or health plan may offer one.
• For Parents and Grandparents
• Try to quit as soon as possible. If you smoke, your children will be more
likely to smoke.
• Don't smoke in the house or car. If kids breathe in your smoke, they may
have a higher risk of breathing problems and lung cancer.
• When appropriate, talk to your kids about the dangers of smoking and
chewing tobacco. A health-care professional or school counselor can help.

18. Solutions
• 6. Protect Yourself from the Sun
• While the warm sun is certainly inviting, too much exposure to it can lead
to skin cancer, including serious melanoma. Skin damage starts early in
childhood, so it’s especially important to protect children.
• Tips
• Steer clear of direct sunlight between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. (peak burning
hours). It’s the best way to protect yourself.
• Wear hats, long-sleeve shirts and sunscreens with SPF15 or higher.
• Don’t use sun lamps or tanning booths. Try self-tanning creams instead.
• For Parents and Grandparents
• Buy tinted sunscreen so you can see if you’ve missed any spots on a
fidgety child.
• Set a good example for children by also protecting yourself with clothing,
shade and sunscreen.

19. Conclusion
• More has to be done to help the people in
need.
• We as privileged citizens who enjoy good
healthcare, should do our part and donate to
charity or our blood.
• We should not take for granted the benefits
we have.

20. THANK YOU AND REMEMBER TO HELP
THIS PEOPLE!