C++ programs are converted to machine-readable code through compilation. The document outlines the basics of C++ programming, including compilers, program structure, variables, data types, input/output, and basic elements like identifiers, literals, operators, and comments. It provides examples of simple C++ programs and explains how they work, demonstrating concepts like printing output, declaring variables to store values, and performing calculations.
This document provides an overview of the components of a simple "Hello World" C++ program, including comments, header files, namespaces, functions, output statements, and escape sequences. It explains that main is the first function executed, iostream is included for input/output, namespace std contains standard library elements, cout with << prints output, and return 0 indicates successful completion. It also demonstrates using escape sequences like \n to print multiple lines with a single statement.
This document provides an overview of C++ programming fundamentals. It discusses two main categories of software: system software and application software. It then introduces the C language, covering its history, evolution, and justification. The document also examines the development environment for C, including tools like editors, compilers, debuggers, and integrated development environments. It provides examples of basic C++ programs and explains the parts and structure of a C++ program.
C++ programming language basic to advance levelsajjad ali khan
C/C++ is a procedural programming language developed in the 1970s. C++ builds on C and adds object-oriented programming capabilities. Some key differences between C and C++ include C++ supporting classes, function overloading, and operator overloading. C++ is commonly used to create operating systems, compilers, databases, games, and other application software. The document then discusses C++ history, creators, uses, data types, variables, operators, control flow statements like if/else and loops, arrays, and multi-dimensional arrays. It provides examples of C++ code and basics of the C++ programming language.
This document summarizes key concepts from an introduction to C++ programming chapter, including:
- The main parts of a C++ program are comments, preprocessor directives, the main() function, and statements.
- Variables are used to store and manipulate data in a program. Variables are declared with a name and type before use.
- Arithmetic operators allow performing calculations in C++ programs. Expressions follow order of operations rules.
- Input and output streams allow getting user input and displaying output to the screen.
The document provides an introduction to computer programming and the C++ programming language. It discusses what a computer program is, different types of programs, and the process of computer programming. It then covers key concepts in C++ programming including data types, variables, constants, input/output, and basic program structure. The document is intended to teach programming fundamentals and provide an overview of C++ for beginners.
The document provides an introduction to C++ programming including setting up a compiler, the structure of a basic C++ program, variables, and input/output. It explains that a compiler is needed to convert C++ code into an executable. The main() function is called at startup and returns an integer value. A basic "Hello World" program is shown using #include, cout, and cin.get(). Variables are declared with a data type like int or char and stored user input. Comments are added using // or /* */.
The document provides an introduction to algorithms and key concepts related to algorithms such as definition, features, examples, flowcharts, pseudocode. It also discusses different types of programming languages from first to fifth generation. Key points of structured programming approach and introduction to C programming language are explained including data types, variables, constants, input/output functions, operators, type conversion etc.
C language was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. It was created for implementing the UNIX operating system. Key standards that were developed for C include C89, C99, C11. C is a structured, general-purpose programming language that is reliable, simple, portable and widely used for system programming like operating systems and application development. The basic structure of a C program includes preprocessor directives, global declarations, the main function, and optional user-defined functions.
This document provides an overview of the components of a simple "Hello World" C++ program, including comments, header files, namespaces, functions, output statements, and escape sequences. It explains that main is the first function executed, iostream is included for input/output, namespace std contains standard library elements, cout with << prints output, and return 0 indicates successful completion. It also demonstrates using escape sequences like \n to print multiple lines with a single statement.
This document provides an overview of C++ programming fundamentals. It discusses two main categories of software: system software and application software. It then introduces the C language, covering its history, evolution, and justification. The document also examines the development environment for C, including tools like editors, compilers, debuggers, and integrated development environments. It provides examples of basic C++ programs and explains the parts and structure of a C++ program.
C++ programming language basic to advance levelsajjad ali khan
C/C++ is a procedural programming language developed in the 1970s. C++ builds on C and adds object-oriented programming capabilities. Some key differences between C and C++ include C++ supporting classes, function overloading, and operator overloading. C++ is commonly used to create operating systems, compilers, databases, games, and other application software. The document then discusses C++ history, creators, uses, data types, variables, operators, control flow statements like if/else and loops, arrays, and multi-dimensional arrays. It provides examples of C++ code and basics of the C++ programming language.
This document summarizes key concepts from an introduction to C++ programming chapter, including:
- The main parts of a C++ program are comments, preprocessor directives, the main() function, and statements.
- Variables are used to store and manipulate data in a program. Variables are declared with a name and type before use.
- Arithmetic operators allow performing calculations in C++ programs. Expressions follow order of operations rules.
- Input and output streams allow getting user input and displaying output to the screen.
The document provides an introduction to computer programming and the C++ programming language. It discusses what a computer program is, different types of programs, and the process of computer programming. It then covers key concepts in C++ programming including data types, variables, constants, input/output, and basic program structure. The document is intended to teach programming fundamentals and provide an overview of C++ for beginners.
The document provides an introduction to C++ programming including setting up a compiler, the structure of a basic C++ program, variables, and input/output. It explains that a compiler is needed to convert C++ code into an executable. The main() function is called at startup and returns an integer value. A basic "Hello World" program is shown using #include, cout, and cin.get(). Variables are declared with a data type like int or char and stored user input. Comments are added using // or /* */.
The document provides an introduction to algorithms and key concepts related to algorithms such as definition, features, examples, flowcharts, pseudocode. It also discusses different types of programming languages from first to fifth generation. Key points of structured programming approach and introduction to C programming language are explained including data types, variables, constants, input/output functions, operators, type conversion etc.
C language was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. It was created for implementing the UNIX operating system. Key standards that were developed for C include C89, C99, C11. C is a structured, general-purpose programming language that is reliable, simple, portable and widely used for system programming like operating systems and application development. The basic structure of a C program includes preprocessor directives, global declarations, the main function, and optional user-defined functions.
C++ is a general-purpose programming language used to create computer programs like art applications, music players, and video games. It was derived from C and is largely based on it. C++ is an open, compiled language that is standardized and allows for control, though it is unsafe. A basic C++ program structure includes main(), curly brackets to indicate functions, and statements ending with semicolons. Variables are declared with a data type and identifier before use, and can be assigned values and used in operations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the structure and components of a basic C++ program that outputs "Hello World". It explains that the program includes the iostream library, defines a main function between curly brackets, and uses cout to output text to the screen. It also describes comments, preprocessor directives like #include, and how the compiler translates code into an executable program.
Here is the class Book with the requested attributes and member functions:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Book {
private:
string title;
string author;
string publisher;
float price;
public:
Book() {
title = "No title";
author = "No author";
publisher = "No publisher";
price = 0.0;
}
void display_data() {
cout << "Title: " << title << endl;
cout << "Author: " << author << endl;
cout << "Publisher: " << publisher << endl;
cout << "Price: " << price << endl;
}
In this class session. Dr. Jim Anderson introduces a working C++ program and then proceeds to step through it in order to show what each part of the program does.
This presentation is a part of the COP2272C college level course taught at the Florida Polytechnic University located in Lakeland Florida. The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the C++ language and the fundamentals of object orientated programming..
The course is one semester in length and meets for 2 hours twice a week. The Instructor is Dr. Jim Anderson.
Introduction to cpp language and all the required information relating to itPushkarNiroula1
C++ is an object-oriented programming language developed in the early 1980s as an extension of C with additional features like classes, inheritance, and function overloading. A simple C++ program prints a string to the screen using the cout output stream and iostream header. C++ programs typically contain functions, comments, and use operators like << for output and >> for input.
The C++ Programming Language is basically an extension of the C Programming Language. The C Programming language was developed from 1969-1973 at Bell labs, at the same time the UNIX operating system was being developed there. C was a direct descendant of the language B, which was developed by Ken Thompson as a systems programming language for the fledgling UNIX operating system. B, in turn, descended from the language BCPL which was designed in the 1960s by Martin Richards while at MIT.
In 1971 Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs extended the B language (by adding types) into what he called NB, for "New B". Ritchie credits some of his changes to language constructs found in Algol68, although he states "although it [the type scheme], perhaps, did not emerge in a form that Algol's adherents would approve of" After restructuring the language and rewriting the compiler for B, Ritchie gave his new language a name: "C".
The document discusses editing, compiling, and executing a simple C++ program. It begins with an overview of basic C++ programming elements and concepts like tokens, data types, arithmetic operators, and precedence. It then provides examples of simple C++ programs that perform arithmetic calculations and output results. The document emphasizes that understanding programming fundamentals like variables, data types, expressions, and control flow is necessary before writing even basic C++ programs.
The document provides information about C programming language and its features. It discusses the basic structure of a C program which includes documentation, link, definition, global declaration, main function, and sub-program sections. It also describes the four steps to execute a C program: create, compile, link, and execute. Different forms of the main statement in C are discussed including main(), main(void), int main(), void main(), void main(void), and int main(void).
This document discusses the C programming language. Some key points:
- C was developed in the early 1970s and influenced by many other languages. It is a middle-level language that provides high-level and low-level capabilities.
- C is widely used to develop operating systems, device drivers, databases and other core systems software. It remains popular due to its portability, efficiency and ability to interface with hardware.
- The document outlines C's basic syntax including data types, variables, constants, functions and control structures. It provides examples of common functions like printf, scanf and input/output statements.
- Overall the document serves as an introduction to the C language, its history, capabilities
This document provides an introduction and overview of the C programming language. It discusses what a computer is and how programming languages work. It introduces machine language and high-level languages like C. Key aspects of C are explained, including data types, variables, operators, functions, and basic syntax. Examples of simple C programs are provided.
This document provides an overview of C programming. It discusses the history and development of C, basics of the language including variables, data types, operators, and program structure. Key points covered include:
- C was created in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs to provide a system programming language with both high- and low-level capabilities.
- The basics of C include variables to store data, constants to define fixed values, keywords for language instructions, and data types like integer, float, and character.
- A C program follows a basic structure with preprocessor directives, main function, opening and closing braces, and a return statement.
- Control structures like if/else statements allow programs to
This document provides an overview of C++ including:
1. What a computer and computer program are, with hardware and software components.
2. The typical development process in C++ including editing, compiling, linking, loading and executing programs.
3. Examples of simple C++ programs that print text, get user input, perform calculations and make decisions.
The document provides an overview of the history and basics of C++ programming. It discusses:
- Bjarne Stroustrup created C++ in the early 1980s as an extension of C to support object-oriented programming.
- A typical C++ environment includes a program development environment, the C++ language itself, and the C++ Standard Library.
- A C++ program goes through several phases: edit, preprocess, compile, link, load, and execute.
- Basic C++ concepts covered include variables, data types, operators, and common errors.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language development environment and basic concepts:
1. It describes the six phases of converting C code into an executable program: editing, preprocessing, compiling, assembling, linking, and running.
2. It introduces basic C programming concepts like variables, data types, statements, comments, functions, and input/output functions like printf(), scanf(), getchar(), and putchar().
3. It explains the six types of tokens used in C programs - keywords, identifiers, constants, string literals, punctuators, and operators - and provides examples of each.
C is a procedural programming language developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was designed for system programming tasks like operating system and compiler development. Many later languages took syntax and features from C. The structure of a C program includes header file inclusions, a main function declaration, variable declarations, program logic in the body, and a return statement. A simple "Hello World" program is presented as an example to demonstrate the basic structure of a C program.
This document provides an overview of a beginner's guide to learning C++ programming through 7 example projects. It covers the basics of C++ like data types, variables, input/output, conditional statements, and functions. It then describes 7 sample projects to build: a calculator, agenda, school notes system, sales point, encryption program, duel game, and poker game. The goal is to teach C++ concepts through practical examples. The document is divided into chapters for the language introduction, example projects, and recommendations for further learning.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed in the 1970s. It is commonly used to develop operating systems and embedded systems due to its high execution speed and ability to work with limited memory. C has its own character set including digits, alphabets, and special symbols. Keywords like if, else, while are reserved words that cannot be used as variable names. Statements in C are terminated with a semicolon and the main() function marks the starting point of a program. Programs are compiled and executed using a C compiler.
IIM.Com-FIT-Unit2(14.9.2021 TO 30.9.2021).pptxrajkumar490591
This document discusses various topics related to C programming language including:
- The structure of a typical C program which includes header files inclusion, main method declaration, variable declaration, function body, and return statement.
- Different types of variables in C like local, global, static, automatic, and external variables. Local variables are declared within a function while global variables are declared outside. Static variables retain their value between function calls.
- Key concepts like data types, valid variable names, compilers, linkers, and how a C program is executed after compilation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
C++ is a general-purpose programming language used to create computer programs like art applications, music players, and video games. It was derived from C and is largely based on it. C++ is an open, compiled language that is standardized and allows for control, though it is unsafe. A basic C++ program structure includes main(), curly brackets to indicate functions, and statements ending with semicolons. Variables are declared with a data type and identifier before use, and can be assigned values and used in operations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the structure and components of a basic C++ program that outputs "Hello World". It explains that the program includes the iostream library, defines a main function between curly brackets, and uses cout to output text to the screen. It also describes comments, preprocessor directives like #include, and how the compiler translates code into an executable program.
Here is the class Book with the requested attributes and member functions:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Book {
private:
string title;
string author;
string publisher;
float price;
public:
Book() {
title = "No title";
author = "No author";
publisher = "No publisher";
price = 0.0;
}
void display_data() {
cout << "Title: " << title << endl;
cout << "Author: " << author << endl;
cout << "Publisher: " << publisher << endl;
cout << "Price: " << price << endl;
}
In this class session. Dr. Jim Anderson introduces a working C++ program and then proceeds to step through it in order to show what each part of the program does.
This presentation is a part of the COP2272C college level course taught at the Florida Polytechnic University located in Lakeland Florida. The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the C++ language and the fundamentals of object orientated programming..
The course is one semester in length and meets for 2 hours twice a week. The Instructor is Dr. Jim Anderson.
Introduction to cpp language and all the required information relating to itPushkarNiroula1
C++ is an object-oriented programming language developed in the early 1980s as an extension of C with additional features like classes, inheritance, and function overloading. A simple C++ program prints a string to the screen using the cout output stream and iostream header. C++ programs typically contain functions, comments, and use operators like << for output and >> for input.
The C++ Programming Language is basically an extension of the C Programming Language. The C Programming language was developed from 1969-1973 at Bell labs, at the same time the UNIX operating system was being developed there. C was a direct descendant of the language B, which was developed by Ken Thompson as a systems programming language for the fledgling UNIX operating system. B, in turn, descended from the language BCPL which was designed in the 1960s by Martin Richards while at MIT.
In 1971 Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs extended the B language (by adding types) into what he called NB, for "New B". Ritchie credits some of his changes to language constructs found in Algol68, although he states "although it [the type scheme], perhaps, did not emerge in a form that Algol's adherents would approve of" After restructuring the language and rewriting the compiler for B, Ritchie gave his new language a name: "C".
The document discusses editing, compiling, and executing a simple C++ program. It begins with an overview of basic C++ programming elements and concepts like tokens, data types, arithmetic operators, and precedence. It then provides examples of simple C++ programs that perform arithmetic calculations and output results. The document emphasizes that understanding programming fundamentals like variables, data types, expressions, and control flow is necessary before writing even basic C++ programs.
The document provides information about C programming language and its features. It discusses the basic structure of a C program which includes documentation, link, definition, global declaration, main function, and sub-program sections. It also describes the four steps to execute a C program: create, compile, link, and execute. Different forms of the main statement in C are discussed including main(), main(void), int main(), void main(), void main(void), and int main(void).
This document discusses the C programming language. Some key points:
- C was developed in the early 1970s and influenced by many other languages. It is a middle-level language that provides high-level and low-level capabilities.
- C is widely used to develop operating systems, device drivers, databases and other core systems software. It remains popular due to its portability, efficiency and ability to interface with hardware.
- The document outlines C's basic syntax including data types, variables, constants, functions and control structures. It provides examples of common functions like printf, scanf and input/output statements.
- Overall the document serves as an introduction to the C language, its history, capabilities
This document provides an introduction and overview of the C programming language. It discusses what a computer is and how programming languages work. It introduces machine language and high-level languages like C. Key aspects of C are explained, including data types, variables, operators, functions, and basic syntax. Examples of simple C programs are provided.
This document provides an overview of C programming. It discusses the history and development of C, basics of the language including variables, data types, operators, and program structure. Key points covered include:
- C was created in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs to provide a system programming language with both high- and low-level capabilities.
- The basics of C include variables to store data, constants to define fixed values, keywords for language instructions, and data types like integer, float, and character.
- A C program follows a basic structure with preprocessor directives, main function, opening and closing braces, and a return statement.
- Control structures like if/else statements allow programs to
This document provides an overview of C++ including:
1. What a computer and computer program are, with hardware and software components.
2. The typical development process in C++ including editing, compiling, linking, loading and executing programs.
3. Examples of simple C++ programs that print text, get user input, perform calculations and make decisions.
The document provides an overview of the history and basics of C++ programming. It discusses:
- Bjarne Stroustrup created C++ in the early 1980s as an extension of C to support object-oriented programming.
- A typical C++ environment includes a program development environment, the C++ language itself, and the C++ Standard Library.
- A C++ program goes through several phases: edit, preprocess, compile, link, load, and execute.
- Basic C++ concepts covered include variables, data types, operators, and common errors.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language development environment and basic concepts:
1. It describes the six phases of converting C code into an executable program: editing, preprocessing, compiling, assembling, linking, and running.
2. It introduces basic C programming concepts like variables, data types, statements, comments, functions, and input/output functions like printf(), scanf(), getchar(), and putchar().
3. It explains the six types of tokens used in C programs - keywords, identifiers, constants, string literals, punctuators, and operators - and provides examples of each.
C is a procedural programming language developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was designed for system programming tasks like operating system and compiler development. Many later languages took syntax and features from C. The structure of a C program includes header file inclusions, a main function declaration, variable declarations, program logic in the body, and a return statement. A simple "Hello World" program is presented as an example to demonstrate the basic structure of a C program.
This document provides an overview of a beginner's guide to learning C++ programming through 7 example projects. It covers the basics of C++ like data types, variables, input/output, conditional statements, and functions. It then describes 7 sample projects to build: a calculator, agenda, school notes system, sales point, encryption program, duel game, and poker game. The goal is to teach C++ concepts through practical examples. The document is divided into chapters for the language introduction, example projects, and recommendations for further learning.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed in the 1970s. It is commonly used to develop operating systems and embedded systems due to its high execution speed and ability to work with limited memory. C has its own character set including digits, alphabets, and special symbols. Keywords like if, else, while are reserved words that cannot be used as variable names. Statements in C are terminated with a semicolon and the main() function marks the starting point of a program. Programs are compiled and executed using a C compiler.
IIM.Com-FIT-Unit2(14.9.2021 TO 30.9.2021).pptxrajkumar490591
This document discusses various topics related to C programming language including:
- The structure of a typical C program which includes header files inclusion, main method declaration, variable declaration, function body, and return statement.
- Different types of variables in C like local, global, static, automatic, and external variables. Local variables are declared within a function while global variables are declared outside. Static variables retain their value between function calls.
- Key concepts like data types, valid variable names, compilers, linkers, and how a C program is executed after compilation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Basics Of C++.pptx
1. BASICS OF C++
INDEX-
C++ Compiler
Structure of a Program
Variables
C++ Basic Elements
Operators
Data Types
Input/Output in C++
2. Getting Started
A computer cannot understand our language that we use in our day to day conversations, and
likewise, we cannot understand the binary language that the computer uses to do it’s tasks.
It is therefore necessary for us to write instructions in some specially defined language like
C++ which is like natural language and after converting with the help of compiler the
computer can understand it.
C++ Compiler
A C++ compiler is itself a computer program which’s only job is to convert the C++ program
from our form to a form the computer can read and execute. The original C++ program is
called the “source code”, and the resulting compiled code produced by the compiler is
usually called an “object file”.
Before compilation the preprocessor performs preliminary operations on C++ source files.
Preprocessed form of the source code is sent to compiler.
After compilation stage object files are combined with predefined libraries by a linker,
sometimes called a binder, to produce the final complete file that can be executed by the
computer. A library is a collection of pre-compiled “object code” that provides operations
that are done repeatedly by many computer programs.
3. Integrated Development
Environment
This Figure illustrates the process of
translating a C++ source file into an
executable file. You can perform
entire process of invoking the
preprocessor, compiler, and linker
with a single action by using
Integrated Development environment.
These environments consist of a text
editor, compiler, debugger, and other
Utilities integrated into a package
with a single set of menus.
Preprocessing, compiling, linking,
and even executing a program is done
by selecting a single item from a
menu.
4. First program in C++
// This is my first program is C++
/* this program will illustrate different components of a
simple program in C++ */
#include <iostream.h>
int main() void main()
{ cout << "Hello World!"; {
return 0; cout<<“Hello World!”; cout<<“Hello World!”;
} }
When the above program is compiled, linked and executed, the following output is displayed on
the VDU screen.
Hello World!
Various components of this program are discussed below:
Comments
First three lines of the above program are comments and are ignored by the compiler.
Comments are included in a program to make it more readable. If a comment is short and can
be accommodated in a single line, then it is started with double slash sequence in the first
line of the program. However, if there are multiple lines in a comment, it is enclosed between
the two symbols /* and */
5. #include <iostream>
The line in the above program that start with # symbol are called directives and are instructions to the
compiler. The word include with '#' tells the compiler to include the file iostream into the file of the above
program. File iostream is a header file needed for input/ output requirements of the program. Therefore,
this file has been included at the top of the program.
using namespace std;
All the elements of the standard C++ library are declared within std. This line is very frequent in C++
programs that use the standard library.
int/void main ( )
The word main is a function name. The brackets ( ) with main tells that main ( ) is a function. The word
int before main ( ) indicates that integer value is being returned by the function main (). When program is
loaded in the memory, the control is handed over to function main ( ) and it is the first function to be
executed.
Curly bracket and body of the function main ( )
A C++ program starts with function called main(). The body of the function is enclosed
between curly braces. The program statements are written within the brackets. Each
statement must end by a semicolon, without which an error message in generated.
cout<<"Hello World!";
This statement prints our "Hello World!" message on the screen. cout understands that
anything sent to it via the << operator should be printed on the screen.
return 0;
This is a new type of statement, called a return statement. When a program finishes running,
it sends a value to the operating system. This particular return statement returns the value
of 0 to the operating system, which means “everything went okay!”.
6. Printing Multiple Lines of Text with a Single Statement
/* This program illustrates how to print multiple lines of text with a single statement */
#include <iostream.h>
void main()
{ cout << "WelcomentonC++"; }
Output:
Welcome
to
C++
The characters print exactly as they appear between the double quotes. However, if we type n, the characters
n are not printed on the screen. The backslash () is called an escape character. It indicates that a
"special" character is to be output. When a backslash is encountered in a string of characters, the next
character is combined with the backslash to form an escape sequence. The escape sequence n
means newline. It causes the cursor to move to the beginning of the next line on the screen.
The following table gives a listing of common escape sequences.
Escape Sequence Description
n Newline
t Horizontal tab
a Bell (beep)
Backslash
‘ Single quote
'‘ Double quote
7. Variable : Memory Concept
Programs shown in the previous section print text on the screen. This section will introduce
the concept of variable so that our program can perform calculation on data.
Program : Adding two numbers
We'll solve this problem in C++ with the following steps:
STEP 1 : Allocate memory for storing three numbers
STEP 2 : Store first number in computer memory
STEP 3 : Store second number in computer memory
STEP 4 : Add these two numbers together and store the result of the
addition in a third memory location
STEP 5 : Print the result
int x; int y; int z; OR int x, y, z;
x = 25; y = 10; z = x + y;
x y z
2 Byte 2 Byte 2 Byte
100 102 104
cout << "The sum is "; cout << sum; OR cout << "The sum is " << sum;
25 10 35
8. Identifiers
Symbolic names can be used in C++ for various data items used by a programmer in his program. A
symbolic name is generally known as an identifier. The identifier is a sequence of characters taken from
C++ character set. In previous program x, y and z are identifiers of variables. The rule for the formation
of an identifier are:
An identifier can consist of alphabets, digits and/or underscores.
It must not start with a digit
C++ is case sensitive that is upper case and lower case letters are considered different from each other.
It should not be a reserved word.
Keywords
There are some reserved words in C++ which have predefined meaning to compiler called keywords.
These words may not be used as identifiers. Some commonly used Keywords are given below:
9. C++ Basic Elements
Programming language is a set of rules, symbols, and special words used to construct programs. There
are certain elements that are common to all programming languages. Now, we will discuss these elements
in brief :
C++ Character Set
Character set is a set of valid characters that a language can recognize.
Tokens
A token is a group of characters that logically belong together. The programmer can write a program by
using tokens. C++ uses the following types of tokens.
Keywords, Identifiers, Literals, Punctuators, Operators.
1. Keywords
These are some reserved words in C++ which have predefined meaning to compiler called keywords. It is
discussed in previous section.
2. Identifiers
Symbolic names can be used in C++ for various data items used by a programmer in his program. A
symbolic name is generally known as an identifier. The identifier is a sequence of characters taken from
C++ character set. The rule for the formation of an identifier are:
10. An identifier can consist of alphabets, digits and/or underscores.
It must not start with a digit
C++ is case sensitive that is upper case and lower case letters are considered
different from each other.
It should not be a reserved word.
3. Literals
Literals (often referred to as constants) are data items that never change their value during the
execution of the program. The following types of literals are available in C++.
Integer-Constants
Character-constants
Floating-constants
Strings-constants
Integer Constants
Integer constants are whole number without any fractional part. C++ allows three types of integer
constants.
Decimal integer constants : It consists of sequence of digits and should not begin with 0 (zero). For
example 124, - 179, +108.
Octal integer constants: It consists of sequence of digits starting with 0 (zero). For example. 014,
012.
Hexadecimal integer constant: It consists of sequence of digits preceded by ox or OX.
11. Character constants
A character constant in C++ must contain one or more characters and must be enclosed in single
quotation marks. For example 'A', '9', etc. C++ allows nongraphic characters which cannot be typed
directly from keyboard, e.g., backspace, tab, carriage return etc. These characters can be represented by
using an escape sequence. An escape sequence represents a single character.
Floating constants
They are also called real constants. They are numbers having fractional parts. They may be written in
fractional form or exponent form. A real constant in fractional form consists of signed or unsigned digits
including a decimal point between digits. For example 3.0, -17.0, -0.627 etc.
String Literals
A sequence of character enclosed within double quotes is called a string literal. String literal is by default
(automatically) added with a special character ‘0' which denotes the end of the string. Therefore the
size of the string is increased by one character. For example "COMPUTER" will re represented as
"COMPUTER0" in the memory and its size is 9 characters.
4. Operators
Operators are special symbols used for specific purposes. C++ provides six types of operators.
Arithmetical operators, Relational operators, Logical operators, Unary operators, Assignment operators,
Conditional operators, Comma operator
13. Operators
Operators are special symbols used for specific purposes. C++ provides many operators for manipulating
data.
Generally, there are six type of operators : Arithmetical operators, Relational operators, Logical
operators, Assignment operators, Conditional operators, Comma operator.
Arithmetical operators
Arithmetical operators +, -, *, /, and % are used to performs an arithmetic (numeric) operation.
You can use the operators +, -, *, and / with both integral and floating-point data types. Modulus or
remainder % operator is used only with the integral data type.
Binary operators
Operators that have two operands are called binary operators.
Unary operators
C++ provides two unary operators for which only one variable is required.
For Example
a = - 50; a = + 50;Here plus sign (+) and minus sign (-) are unary because they are not used between two
variables.
14. Relational operators
The relational operators are used to test the relation between two values. All relational operators are
binary operators and therefore require two operands. A relational expression returns zero when the
relation is false and a non-zero when it is true. The following table shows the relational operators.
Logical operators
The logical operators are used to combine one or more relational expression. The logical operators are -
Assignment operator
The assignment operator '=' is used for assigning a variable to a value. This operator takes the
expression on its right-hand-side and places it into the variable on its left-hand-side. For example:
m = 5;
The operator takes the expression on the right, 5, and stores it in the variable on the left, m.
x = y = z = 32;
This code stores the value 32 in each of the three variables x, y, and z.
in addition to standard assignment operator shown above, C++ also support compound assignment
operators.
15. Compound Assignment Operators
Increment and Decrement Operators
C++ provides two special operators viz '++' and '--' for incrementing and decrementing the value of a
variable by 1. The increment/decrement operator can be used with any type of variable but it cannot be
used with any constant. Increment and decrement operators each have two forms, pre and post.
The syntax of the increment /decrement operator is:
Pre-increment: ++variable Pre-decrement: - - variable
Post-increment: variable++ Post-decrement: variable - -
In Prefix form first variable is first incremented/decremented, then evaluated
In Postfix form first variable is first evaluated, then incremented/decremented
int x, y; int i = 10, j = 10;
x = ++i; //add one to i, store the result back in x
y = j++; //store the value of j to y then add one to j
cout << x; //11
cout << y; //10
16. Conditional operator
The conditional operator ?: is called ternary operator as it requires three operands. The format of the conditional
operator is:
Conditional_ expression ? expression1 : expression2;
If the value of conditional expression is true then the expression1 is evaluated, otherwise expression2 is evaluated.
int a = 5, b = 6;
big = (a > b) ? a : b;
The condition evaluates to false, therefore big gets the value from b and it becomes 6.
The comma operator
The comma operator gives left to right evaluation of expressions. When the set of expressions has to be evaluated for a
value, only the rightmost expression is considered.
int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, i; // comma acts as separator, not as an operator
i = (a, b); // stores b into i
Would first assign the value of a to i, and then assign value of b to variable i. So, at the end, variable i would contain the
value 2.
The size of operator
As we know that different types of Variables, constant, etc. require different amounts of memory to store them The
sizeof operator can be used to find how many bytes are required for an object to store in memory. For example
size of (char) returns 1
size of (float) returns 4
the size of operator determines the amount of memory required for an object at compile time rather than at run time.
17. The order of Precedence
The order in which the Arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/,%) are used in a. given expression is called the order
of precedence. The following table shows the order of precedence.
The following table shows the precedence of operators.
18. Data Handling
Basic Data Types
C++ supports a large number of data types. The built in or basic data types supported by C++ are integer,
floating point and character. C++ also provides the data type bool for variables that can hold only the values
True and false.
Some commonly used data types are summarized in table along with description.
Constants
A variable which does not change its value during execution of a program is known as a constant variable. Any
attempt to change the value of a constant will result in an error message. A constant in C++ can be of any of
the basic data types, const qualifier can be used to declare constant as shown below:
const float PI = 3.1415;
The above declaration means that PI is a constant of float types having a value 3.1415.
Examples of valid constant declarations are:
const int RATE = 50;
const float PI = 3.1415;
const char CH = 'A';
19. Type Conversion
The process in which one pre-defined type of expression is converted into another type is called conversion. There are
two types of conversion in C++.
1. Implicit conversion
2. Explicit conversion
Implicit conversion
Data type can be mixed in the expression. For example
double a;
int b = 5;
float c = 8.5;
a = b * c;
When two operands of different type are encountered in the same expression, the lower type variable is converted to
the higher type variable. The following table shows the order of data types.
The int value of b is converted to type float and stored in a temporary variable before being multiplied by the float
variable c. The result is then converted to double so that it can be assigned to the double variable a.
Explicit conversion
It is also called type casting. It temporarily changes a variable data type from its declared data type to a new one. It may
be noted here that type casting can only be done on the right hand side the assignment statement.
totalPay = static_cast<double>(salary) + bonus;
Initially variable salary is defined as float but for the above calculation it is first converted to double data type and then
added to the variable bonus.
20. Input/Output (I/O)
The standard C++ library includes the header file iostream, which can be used to feed new data
into the computer or obtain output on an output device such as: VDU, printer etc. The following
C++ stream objects can be used for the input/output purpose.
cout console output
cin console input
cout object
cout is used to print message on screen in conjunction with the insertion operator <<
cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello world on screen
cout << 250; // prints number 250 on screen
cout << sum; // prints the content of variable sum on screen
To print constant strings of characters we must enclose them between
double quotes (").
If we want to print out a combination of variables and constants, the insertion operator (<<) may be
used more than once in a single statement
cout << "Area of rectangle is " << area << " square meter" ;
If we assume the area variable to contain the value 24 the output of the previous statement would
be:
Area of rectangle is 24 square meter
21. cin object
cin can be used to input a value entered by the user from the keyboard. However, the extraction
operator >> is also required to get the typed value from cin and store it in the memory location.
Let us consider the following program segment:
int marks; cin >> marks;
In the above segment, the user has defined a variable marks of integer type in the first statement and in
the second statement he is trying to read a value from the keyboard.
// input output example
#include <iostream>
void main ()
{ int length; int breadth; int area;
cout << "Please enter length of rectangle: ";
cin >> length;
cout << "Please enter breadth of rectangle: ";
cin >> breadth;
area = length * breadth;
cout << "Area of rectangle is " << area;
}
Output :
Please enter length of rectangle: 6
Please enter breadth of rectangle: 4
Area of rectangle is 24
You can also use cin to request more than one input from the user:
cin >> length >> breadth; OR cin >> length; cin >> breadth;