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Basic structural theory 2.2 comp
- 1. Basic Structural Theory Conceptsand construction
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- 4. Rotational – Momentsand Bending Forces
- 5. Pin Constrain x &y Rotate freely Connections
- 6. Pin Constrain x &y Rotate freely Connections
- 7. Pin Constrain x &y Rotate freely Connections
- 8. Fixed / Moment-Resisting Constrainx & y Constrain rotation Connections
- 9. Fixed / Moment-Resisting Constrainx & y Constrain rotation Connections
- 10. Fixed / Moment-Resisting Constrainx & y Constrain rotation Connections
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- 13. Wood – hiddendefects Materials
- 14. Wood – termiteand rot Materials
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- 18. Steel – shapes:Wide Flange Materials
- 19. Steel – shapes:American Standard – no longer common Materials
- 20. Steel – shapes:Tube Materials
- 21. Steel – shapes:Pipe Materials
- 22. Steel – shapes:Angle Materials
- 23. Steel – shapes:Channel Materials
- 24. Steel – shapes:Tee Materials
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- 29. Steel – notfireproof Materials
- 30. Steel – notfireproof Materials
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- 37. Concrete – alwayssteel-reinforced Materials
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- 40. Columns Components Column – VerticalLoad Axial load – Compression & Tension
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- 49. Columns – bucklingdue to compression Components
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- 52. Beams – simplysupported (or using pin connections) Components
- 53. Beams – deflectionis a problem before structural failure occurs Components
- 54. Beams – camberto oppose deflection Components
- 55. Beams Components Basic loads (forces) Reactionsare the same for Concentrated loads and Distributed loads Beam stresses are different w = P/ l
- 56. Beams Components Greater deflection Greater max.moment w = P/l
- 57. Beams – resistbending using Fixed connection Components Gr eat er def l ect i on Gr eat er max. moment
- 58. Beams – resistbending using Fixed connection Components Gr eat er def l ect i on Gr eat er max. moment
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- 62. Beams – stresses Compression,Tension, Neutral Axis Concepts C N T
- 63. Beams – stresses Compression,Tension, Neutral Axis Concepts
- 64. Beams – controllingdeflection Concepts Factors influencing deflection: P = load l= length between supports E = elastic modulus of material (elasticity) I = Moment of inertia (depth/weight of beam) Dmax = Pl 3 / 48EI
- 65. Beams – controllingdeflection Elastic modulus – property of material Concepts Elastic modulus of materials Structural Steel = 200 GPa (29,023,300 lb/in2 ) Titanium = 110 GPa (15,962,850 lb/in2 ) Aluminum = 70 GPa (10,158,177 lb/in2 ) Concrete = 21 GPa (3,047,453 lb/in2 ) Douglas Fir = 13 GPa (1,886,518 lb/in2 ) Why are titanium and aluminum used in aircraft? Density of materials Structural Steel = 489 lb/ft3 Titanium = 282 lb/ft3 Aluminum = 169 lb/ft3 Concrete = 150 lb/ft3 Douglas Fir = 32 lb/ft3
- 66. Concepts Density of materials StructuralSteel = 489 lb/ft3 Titanium = 282 lb/ft3 Aluminum = 169 lb/ft3 Concrete = 150 lb/ft3 Douglas Fir = 32 lb/ft3 Yield Strength of materials Structural Steel=350-450 MPa Titanium (Alloy)=900-1400 MPa Aluminum=100-350 MPa Concrete=70 MPa (compressive) Douglas Fir= N/A 1 lb/in2 = 6891 Pa Beams – controlling deflection Elastic modulus – property of material
- 67. Beams – controllingdeflection Moment of Inertia Concepts Moment of Inertia of beam Dependent on cross-sectional geometry Not dependent on material properties Icc = Mo me nt o f i ne r t i a o f a r e c t a ng l e a bo ut t he ne ut r a l a x i s – i . e . i t ’ s c e nt r o i d = wi d t h x he i g ht 3 / 1 2 Ixx = Mo me nt o f i ne r t i a o f a r e c t a ng l e a bo ut a n a x i s p a r a l l e l t o t he ne ut r a l a x i s = Icc + wi d t h x he i g ht x ( d i s t a nc e be t we e n a x e s ) 2 Ce nt r o i d = S ( Ar e a x d i s t a nc e t o be nd i ng a x i s ) / ( To t a l a r e a )
- 68. Beams – controllingdeflection Moment of Inertia Concepts
- 69. Beams – controllingdeflection Truss : Triangulated frame = deep beam Concepts Triangulated frame (Truss) – increase depth of beam Triangulated – all members axially loaded – no moments / no bending
- 70. Beams – controllingdeflection Truss : Triangulated frame = deep beam Concepts
- 71. Frames – simpleframes Components
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- 74. Components Frames –simple frames – racking due to lateral load
- 75. Components Frames –simple frames – racking due to lateral load
- 76. Components Frames – shearpanel to prevent racking
- 77. Components Frames – shearpanel to prevent racking
- 78. Components Frames – shearpanel to prevent racking
- 79. Components Frames – shearpanel to prevent racking
- 80. Components Frames –triangulation to prevent racking
- 81. Components Frames –triangulation to prevent racking
- 82. Components Frames –triangulation to prevent racking
- 83. Frames – RigidFrame / Moment Frame Components Rigid Frame – Vertical load Reduce deflection: Rigid connection Columns resist force and deflect
- 84. Frames – RigidFrame / Moment Frame Components Thrust develops at base of columns and must be resisted (beam / foundation / grade beam)
- 85. Frames – RigidFrame / Moment Frame Components Rigid Frame – Lateral load Resists racking
- 86. Frames – RigidFrame / Moment Frame Components Rigid Frame – Lateral load Resists racking
- 87. Frames – RigidFrame / Moment Frame Components Rigid Frame – Lateral load Resists racking
- 88. Frames – RigidFrame / Moment Frame Components Rigid Frame – Lateral load Resists racking
- 89. Cantilver - Simple Frames Cantilever Rigid/ Moment connection
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- 91. Cantilver - Simple Frames tension compression moment(force-couple)
- 92. Cantilver – Simple Morebending stress and deflection than simply supported beam Frames Greater deflection Greater max. moment
- 93. Cantilver – Backspan Reducesbending stress and deflection without rigid connection Frames Lesser deflection Lesser max. moment
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- 95. Primary, Secondary, Tertiarystructure Components Primary Structure: •Foundations •Columns or bearing walls •Beams that attach to columns or bearing walls Secondary Structure: •Beams, joists or slabs that attach to Primary Structure Tertiary Structure: •Beams, joists or slabs that attach to Secondary Structure
- 96. Overview Funicular Structures Tensi on( Cabl e) Compr essi on ( Ar ch)
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- 98. Tension structures: May includebeams to control curves Funicular Structures
- 99. Tension structures: Rigid elementsacting as fabric Munich Olympic Stadium, Frei Otto Funicular Structures
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- 103. Arch: La Sagrada Familiainverted structural model Funicular Structures
- 104. Funicular Structures Arch: LaSagrada Familia inverted structural model
- 105. Funicular Structures Arch: LaSagrada Familia inverted structural model
- 106. Thin-shell structures El Oceonográfico,Valencia: Felix Candela Funicular Structures
- 107. Thin-shell structures: TWA TerminalJFK Airport, Eero Saarinen Funicular Structures
- 108. CSUN Parking Structure1994 Bad things
- 109. World Trade Center9/11/2001 Bad things
- 110. World Trade Center9/11/2001 Bad things
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