BASIC LIFE SUPPORT-march 2025 copy copy

1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT WORKSHOP
DEPT OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY
VENUE:
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL,THIRUVALLUR
DATE: 08.05.2025

2. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

3. WHAT IS CARDIAC ARREST
Cardiac arrest is the cessation of all cardiac mechanical activity.
Its clinical activity is confirmed by
 Unresponsiveness
 Absence of detectable pulse
 Apnea or agonal respiration(gasping type of breathing)

4. REVERSIBLE CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST
5Ts 5Hs
• Pulmonary Thromboembolism • Hypoxia
• Tension Pneumothorax • Hypovolemia
• Cardiac Tamponade • Hypo/Hyperkalemia
• Coronary Thrombosis • Hydrogen ions
• Toxins • Hypothermia

5. WHAT IS BLS
It is a stepwise Protocol for cardiopulmonary cerebral
resuscitation(CPCR) that is performed without equipment or medication
to assist with the immediate survival of patient who is in
cardiopulmonary arrest.

6. CARDIOPULMONARY CEREBRAL RESUSCITATION(CPCR)
 To maintain vital organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation until return of
spontaneous circulation.
 To restrore effective circulation and ventilation
 To prevent IRREVERSIBLE CEREBRAL DAMAGE due to anoxia

7. CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

9. VERIFY SCENE SAFETY

10. RESCUER SAFETY

11. ASSESS FOR RESPONSIVENESS

12. CHECK FOR PULSE AND BREATHING
 Keep head tilted back.
 Locate adam’s apple with 2 or 3
Fingers.
 Slide fingers into groove
between trachea and muscles at
side of neck.
 Feel pulse for atleast 5 secs not
more than 10 secs.
 For infants – Brachial or femoral.

13. ACTIVATE EMS AND GET AED
Call EMS 08 and get AED
GIVE THE FOLLOWING DETAILS
 The location of the victim
 Nature of the emergency
 No of persons who need help
 Ask for immediate ambulance

14. CHEST COMPRESSIONS
 Start chest compressions in the ratio of
30:2.
 30 chest compressions and 2 Rescue
breaths
 Place your hands on the centre of the
chest.
 Keep arm straight and elbow locked.
 PUSH HARD Push the sternum straight
down atleast 2 inches(5cm)
1/2-1/3 of chest in infants.
 PUSH FAST Atleast 100 to 120 /min.

15. CHEST COMPRESSIONS
 Allow complete recoil of chest after each compression
 Minimize interruption in chest compressions.
 Rescuers should ideally change positions every 2 minutes to maintain
high-quality chest compressions and prevent fatigue.

17. AIRWAY MANEUVERS
 Head tilt and chin lift (if
no trauma is suspected)
 Jaw thrust when trauma
to head and neck is
suspected.

19. AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR(AED)

20. BASIC OPERATION OF AED
 Turn the power on
 Apply the electrode pads.
 Initiate the rhythm analysis
 Deliver a shock if indicated.

21. STEPS
 Attach the pads to the victims bare chest
 While analysing the rhythm do not touch the victim
 If shock is indicated -stand clear
- Deliver shock
 If victim starts to breathe normally place him in recovery position.

22. WHEN TO STOP CPR
CPR should be continued till
 Qualified help arrives and takes over
 Return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)
 The patient recovers
 An authorised person pronounces life extinct
 Rescuer becomes exhausted

23. SPECIAL SCENARIOS
PREGNANCY
 Full left lateral decubitus position to relieve aortocaval compression.
 100% oxygen by face mask to treat hypoxemia
 Manual left uterine displacement

24. DROWNING
 Most important cause of death is asphyxiation and hypoxia.
 Prompt initiation of rescue breathing is vital .
 Recovery from water.
 Clear airway and give 2 rescue breaths.
 No delay is starting chest compressions.
 Attempts to remove water from the breathing passages should not be
attempted.